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1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

PLATE  I. 


^■'■n'    Anil  rtcan  Rnt.terf.ic8. 


C.  J.  M 


A, 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  1. 


1.    Papilio  turnus.        2      Parnassius  smintheus.        8.     Neo- 
phasia  menapia.        4.     Pieris  rapae.        5.     Nathalis  iole. 


MANUAL 


OF 


NORTH    AMERICAN 


BUTTERFLIES 


BY 


CHARLES  J.  MAYNARD. 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  TEN  HAN]>COLORED  PLATES,  AND  MANY  WOODK^UTS. 


BOSTON: 

DE  WOLFE,  FISKE  k  CO. 

1891. 


'7 


J? 


Cop}Tight,  1891, 

by 

De  Wolfe,  Fiske&  Co. 


J  Q,  ^j/- 


INTRODUCTION. 


In  bringing  together  for  the  first  time,  descriptions  of  all  the  species 
of  Butterflies  which  occur  in  North  America,  north  of  Mexico,  I  have 
experienced  considerable  diflSculty.  It  has  been  impossible  for  me  to 
see  specimens  of  some  species,  hence  I  have  been  obliged  to  compile 
descriptions  in  quite  a  number  of  cases,  and  scattered  as  the  literature 
upon  this  subject  is,  through  publications  in  this  country  and  abroad, 
the  task  has  not  been  an  easy  one ;  but  as  I  have  in  the  majority  of  species 
consulted  original  descriptions,  the  compilation  can  be  relied  upon  as 
being  correct. 

As  this  book  is  intended  for  the  use  of  the  tyro  as  well  as  for  the 
advanced  student,  I  have  avoided  the  use  of  technical  terms  as  far  as 
possible,  reducing  the  various  methods  of  descriptions  to  a  uniform  sys- 
tem. Thus  I  trust  that  this  work  will  be  readily  comprehended  by  every 
one  who  desires  to  consult  its  pages,  without  first  being  obliged  to  learn 
the  peculiar  applications  which  those  who  make  the  study  of  Butterflies 
a  specialty,  have  seen  fit  to  give  to  the  various  parts  of  these  insects. 
Professional  specialists  are  too  apt  to  overlook  the  fact,  that  the  average 
student  who  wishes  to  know  something  of  every  class  of  animal  about 
him,  has  no  time  to  learn  a  peculiar  system  of  nomenclature  with  each; 
while  simple  designations  are  intelligible  alike  to  the  amateur  and  pro- 
fessional student. 

I  have,  in  every  species,  made  the  description  as  short  as  possible, 
using,  where  I  could  do  so,  the  comparative  method,  as  being  less  con- 
fusing. In  order  to  facilitate  identification,  not  only  is  a  colored  plate 
given  of  one  species  of  nearly  all  the  genera,  but  wood  cuts  are  given  of 
some  portion  of  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  species,  illustrating  some 
peculiar  character  by  which  the  insect  may  be  known.  Both  plates  and 
wood  cuts  have,  with  a  single  exception,  been  drawn  and  engraved  by 
myself. 

The  arrangement  given  is  that  published  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards 
in  his  catalogue  of  1884.  I  have  used  it  because  I  think  it  the  most 
likely  to  meet  with  the  approval  of  the  greater  portion  of  entomologists 


11 


INTRODUCTION. 


in  America ;  personally,  however  I  think  the  arrangement  of  butter- 
flies given  in  my  Butterfliesof  New  England  preferable.    By  the  term 
type,  applied  to  the  species  figured  in  the  plates,  I  simply  mean  that  it 
is  the  type  selected  by  me  for  comparison,  for  one  reason  or  another. 

The  description,  unless  otherwise  stated,  always  applies  to  the  male. 
In  regard  to  the  stai'us  of  the  species  given,  I  have  done  little  besides 
follow  Mr  Edwards.  I  have  made  a  few  changes,  and  have  added  a  few 
species  and  sub-species  to  the  list,  but  nothing  essential.  In  this  branch 
of  zoology,  as  well  as  in  others,  we  find  two  classes  of  opinions  regard- 
ing what  shall  constitute  a  species ;  the  one  being  satisfied  with  minute 
differences,  the  other  looking  for  more  prominent  characters  as  means 
of  separation.  Personally,  I  believe  that  in  many  cases,  species  are  sep- 
arated by  closely  drawn  lines,  this  varying  with  different  genera;  that 
is,  some  genera  are  more  susceptible  to  change  than  others.  I  am  also 
inclined  to  think,  that  among  these,  as  well  as  among  other  animals, 
well  defined  species  appear  more  quickly  than  is  generally  supposed,  a 
conclusion  which  I  think  is  borne  out  by  the  history  of  the  Cabbage  But- 
terfly in  America,  which,  since  its  importation  from  Europe  in  1857, 
has  produced  several  well  marked  forms  which  are  looked  upon  by  many 
as  sub-species. 

In  matter  of  nomenclature,  I  have  used  trinominals  to  designate  sub- 
species, and  in  one  case,  quadrinomials  to  designate  a  variety  of  sub- 
species. This  method  is  a  clumsy  one  and  must  in  the  near  future  give 
place  to  something  more  simple.  We  have  arrived  at  a  point  in  the  study 
of  zoology  where  many  of  us  see  the  necessity  of  carefully  recording  the 
present  status  of  species,  sub-species,  and  even  of  more  minute  divisions 
among  animals,  for  the  benefit  of  students  of  the  coming  generations, 
hence  we  feel  the  want  of  some  system  of  nomenclature  different  from 
that  now  in  use. 

I  have  endeavored  to  give  descriptions  of  all  the  species  of  Butter- 
flies which  have  been  taken  within  our  limits,  but  as  many  new  species 
and  sub-species  have  been  described  and  added  to  the  fauna  since  the 
appearance  of  Mr.  Edwards  last  catalogue,  (18S4)  and  as  the  notices 
of  these  are  scattered  through  a  variety  of  publications,  it  is  possible 
that  some  may  have  been  omitted.  Many  species  not  given  in  the  body 
of  the  work  have  been  given  in  the  appendix,  hence  this  should  be  con- 
sulted if  any  given  species  cannot  be  found  in  the  main  portion  of  the 
book. 

I  am  much  indebted  to  Mr.  Edwards'  excellent  catalogue  f  )r  greatly 
facihtating  my  labors.    I  am  also  under  obligations  to  Mr.  Samuel 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ill 


Henshaw,  for  his  kindness  in  aiding  me  in  the  prosecution  of  my  work; 
Prof  Edw.  T.  Owen  and  several  other  friends,  to  whom  I  have  given  due 
credit  in  the  work,  have  kindly  loaned  specimens. 

Oh  another  page  will  be  found  a  cut  of  a  butterfly,  with  an  accom- 
panying explanation  of  the  terms  I  have  applied  to  the  various  parts. 

C.  J.  Maynard. 

Newtonville,  Mass.,  May.  1891. 


w 


INTRODUCTION. 


DIAGRAM  SHOWING  PARTS  OF  A  BUTTERFLY. 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURE. 
Papilio  cresphontes. 
F,  fore  wing;  II,  hind  wing ;  A,  antennae ;  E,  eye ;  P,  palpi ;  t,  tongue; 
fl,fore  leg;  hi,  hind  legs ;  b,  body ;  /.^  abdomen ;  U,  upper  border  fore 
wing;  Ap,  apex;  0,  outer  border;  L,  lower  border;  V,  upper  vein;  1, 
2,  3,  its  branches ;  I,  lower  vein ;  '1,  '2,  '3,  its  branches ;  C,  central  cell; 
Mv,  marginal  vein ;  'U,  upper  border  hind  wing,  '0,  outer  border ;  'L 
lower  border ;  L  A.,  inner  angle ;  AU,  upper  angle ;  M  V.,  marginal  vein ; 
'V,  upper  vein ;  "1,  "2,  "3,  its  branches:  F,  middle  vein;  '"1,  "'2,  "'3, 
its  branches ;  LV ,  lower  vein ;  ch,  central  cell ;  T,  tail. 


NORTH    AMERICAN 


BUTTERFLIES. 


RHOPALOCERA.    BUTTERFLIES. 

Antennae,  thread-like,  terminating  in  a  club-like  ex- 
pansion. Wings,  at  least  the  an::..h.ior,  eijsvated  when  in 
REPOSE.     Flight,  diurnal. 

Although  the  four  fiimilio'^  of  scaly-winged  msects 
orrouped  together  under  tiie  abuve  headirg,  do  not  consti- 
tute an  absolutely  natural  division,  all  of  our  butterflies 
may  be  distinguished  by  the  fact  th.it  they  possess  a  com- 
bination of  these  characters.  The  antennae  of  moths  are 
often  feather-like,  (Fig.  1,  b.)  that  is  there  are  bristle-like 
appendages  to  the  joints  of  the  antennae.  [Sometimes  they 
are  thread-like,  ( ib.  c )  but 
are  not  enlarged  at  the  ex- 
tremity. Some  species  of  ^  ^  \  jCZ 
moths,  however,  possess  an- 
tennae that  are  enlarged  to- 
wards the  extremity,  nota- 
bly the  sphinges,  ( ib.  d  )  but 
these  not  only  differ  widely          a         bode 

in  structure  from  butterflies  ^'  <'l"*'*'«'l  antennae  of  a  butterfly ;  B,  feath- 

.                                             '  ereJ antennae  of  amoth;  C,  thread-like  antennae 

but  the  Wings  are  never    el-  of  a  moth;  D,  enlarged  antennae  of  a  sphinx;  E, 

,■11           11       •                 .     .  hind  wing  of  a  sphinx  moth,   showing  hook,  o, 

evated  wnen  the  insect  is  in    enlarged  at  l. 

repose  ( Fig.  2 ).     Besides,  the  sphinges  and  many  other 


Fig.  1. 


i  NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 

moths  possess  a  bristle-like  expansion  of  the  upper  vein  of 
the  hind  wings,  (Fig.  1,  e)  by  which  they  are,  in  a  measure, 
caught  to  the  front  pair,  a  character  never  present  in  the 
true  butterflies.  Again,  most  all  butterflies  undergo  their 
transformation  from  the  larva  to  the  perfect  insect  without 
spinning  any  cocoons,  like  most  other  Lepidoptera,  but 
merely  spin  a  button  of  silk  to  which  they  cling  by  little 
hooks  (Fig.  3).  Lastly,  butterflies  are  diurnal  in  habit, 
moths,  mainly  nocturnal;  that  is,  the  first  are  active  by 
day  and  the  latter  by  night. 


Fig.  3. 


Fig.  2. 


Fig.  4. 


Chrysalis  of  butterfly, 
Agraulis  vanilliie. 


Butterfly  with  elevated  wings, 
Danais  bereuice, 


Couoon  af  moth, 
Attacus  prumethea. 


Family  I.    PAPILIONIDAE.    Swallow  Butterflies. 

Size,  large  or  medium.    Antennae,  straight,  with  the  club 

BOUNDED  AND  PROMINENT,  NEVER  HOOKED.  EyES,  PROMINENT  AND  ROUND, 
NOT  NOTCHED.  CENTRAL  CELL  OF  FORE  WINGS  CLOSED  BY  A  STRONG  VEIN 
(Plate  I,  1).      FORE  LEGS  AS  COMPLETE  AS  THE  TWO  OTHER  PAIRS.  (  Plate 

I,  1,  shows  a  butterfly  having  six  perfectly  developed  feet,  and  Fig.  2,  on 
this  page,  one  with  only  four. ) 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


8 


GENUS  I.     PAPILIO. 
SWALLOW-TAILED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  large.  Club  of  antennae,  rounded.  Seconda- 
ries, scalloped,  and  provided  with  prominent  tails.  Type 
P.  TuRNUs(PlateI,  1). 

This  family  is  divided  by  most  authors  into  two  sub- 
families, Papilioninae  and  Pierinae.  The  first  containing 
only  the  genus  Papilio,  see  Plate  I,  1,  and  the  second  sev- 
eral i^enera,  which  do  not  have  tails  to  the  hind  wings,  but 
which  have  the  inner  margin  of  these  wings  bent  so  as  to 
form  grooves  which  enclose  the  abdomen  when  the  wings 
are  elevated,  see  Plate  I,  2. 


1.    PAPILIO  AJAX  Linn. 

Green-banded  Swallow-tail. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  long  and  slender,  without  terminal  enlarge- 
ment, Fig.  5,  a.  Above,  brownish  black  with  bands  of  greenish,  one  of 
which  crosses  both  wings  near  the  base ;  outside  this  is  a  second  band, 
divided  near  the  upper  margin ;  both  of  these  bands  are  suffused  into 
particles  near  the  lower  angle  of  the  hind  wing.  Outside  these  are  two 
shorter  bands  on  fore  wing,  and  a  long  one  follows  the  margin,  becom- 
ing pointed  below,  and  replaced  on  the  hind  wing  by  a  series  of  crescent 
shaped  spots  Near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  are  two  scarlet  spots.  Be- 
neath paler,  markings  similar,  but  with  a  narrow,  greenish  white  line 
between  the  two  long  bands,  outside  of  which,  on  hind  wings,  is  a  broad 
band  of  scarlet.  The  two  spots  near  inner  angle  are  lined  above  with 
greenish  white,  and  there  is  a  spot  of  whitish  below  the  outer,  and  be- 
low this  two  bluish  crescents.  Tail,  margined  with  whitish  but  is  with- 
out central  spot.    Expanse,  2.00  to  3.50. 

Habitat,  Eastern  U.  S.  from  Penn.,  south,  thence  south-west  to 
Texas,  occasionally  north  to  Hamilton,  Ont. 

Through  the  indefatigable  efforts  of  Mr.  W.  II.  Edwards,  much  light 
has  been  thrown  upon  the  exceedingly  complicated  phases  of  coloration 
which  individuals  of  this  species  assume.  This  is  due,  as  Mr.  Edwards 
has  conclusively  shown,  to  the  effects  of  cold  upon  the  pupa ;  hence  the 
forms  are  regulated  by  the  seasons.    Formally,  these  phases  of  colora- 


4 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


tion  were  looked  upon  as  evidence  of  specific  rank,  and  the  butterflies 
possessing  them  were  considered  distinct  species.  None  of  them,  how- 
ever, indicate  even  the  presagement  of  a  species,  excepting  perhaps 
abbotii,  as  noted  below. 

Walshii  Edw,  is  a  winter  form  of  medium  size,  with  light  areas 
as  described,  but  the  red  spots  on  posterior  angle  of  secondaries  are 
fused  together,  and  the  tails  are  of  moderate  length,  white  tipped  only, 
Fig.  5,  d. 

la.  Papilio  ajax  abbotii  Edw.,  which  appears  to  be  a  valid  sub- 
species, owing  its  parentage  always,  however,  to  walshii,  is  similar  to  it 
in  form  b\  t  has  a  crimson  streak  on  the  secondaries  above,  outside  of  the 
lower  portion  of  the  outer  of  the  two  black  bands  that  cross  both  wings. 

Telamonides  Feld.  is  similar  in  bandings  to  walshii,  but  the  size 
is  a  little  larger,  the  dark  areas  are  more  extended,  the  red  spots  are 
usually  either  partly  or  wholly  separated,  the  tails  are  long  with  the 
white  tipping  extending  up  on  the  sides.  Fig.  5,  a.  This  is  also  a  winter 
form  and  stands  intermediate  between  walshii  and  the  next. 

Marcellus  Bd.  isthe  summer  form,  derived  from  both  the  others, 
walshii  and  telamonides,  hence  ought  to  be,  perhaps,  regarded  as  typi- 
cal ajax.  It  is  larger  and  darker  than  the  others,  the  marginal  banding 
on  the  secondaries  being  so  extended  as  to  nearly  obscure  the  upper  and 
lower  greenish  crescent.  The  red  spots  have  either  become  reduced  to 
one,  or  the  outer  is  represented  by  a  mere  point,  and  the  tails  are  greatly 
elongated  with  the  whitish  margin  extending  their  entire  length,  Fig  o,  b. 

Walshii  appears  in  March  and  disappears  about  the  first  of  June. 
Telamonides  appears  in  April  and  disappears  the  last  of  June.  About 
June  first  marcellus  appears,  remaining  until  the  last  of  October.  Al- 
though as  far  south  as  Florida,  the  main  broods  appear  about  the  same 
time,  some  specimens  are  found  a  little  earlier  and  fly  a  little  later. 

2.    PAPILIO  PHILENOR  Linn. 

Orange-banded  Swallow-tail. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  short,  not  enlarged  terminally,  Fig.  o,  e.  Above 
brownish  black,  with  a  greenish  metallic  luster.  Sub-marginal  row  of 
spots  on  hind  wing  and  sometimes  on  primaries,  yellowish.  Beneath, 
these  markings  are  repeated  but  enlarged  greatly  on  the  hind  wings, 
and  there  is  an  additional  spot  on  the  upper  and  lower  margins,  while 
all  are  partly  orange.  The  body  has  a  line  of  yellow  spots  along  sides. 
There  is  also  a  marginal  line  of  yellow  spots  on  the  hind  wing,  and  the 
outer  two-thirds  is  metallic  greenish.    Expanse,  3.55  to  3.80. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


5 


Habitat,  U.  S.,  excepting  N.  Eng.  north  of  Mass.;  also  Ont. 
Occurs  in  the  north  in  June  and  July;  in  the  south  from  May  un- 
til November. 

3.    PAPILIO  MACHAON  Linn. 

Swallow-tail. 

General  coloration  similar  to  the  type,  P.  turnus,  but  the  first  dark 
band  above  that  crosses  both  wings  is  wanting,  this  being  replaced  on 
the  fore  wings  by  a  dusky  patch  that  occupies  the  basal  portion  of  the 
wing ;  the  second  inner  band  is  shorter  and  does  not  cross  the  central 
cell.  On  the  secondaries  the  upper  and  lower  sub-marginal  spots  are 
yellow,  not  orange,  and  the  marginal  black  band  is  widened  and  enclos- 
es a  greater  area  of  blue  fields,  these  not  only  crossing  the  wing  but  also 
extending  into  the  wide  black  marginal  band  on  the  primaries.  The 
orange  spot  on  posterior  margin  of  secondaries  is  larger,  not  marginal, 
and  has  a  narrow  black  line  across  its  base  which  has  the  bulb  scarcely 

Fig.  T). 


Tails  iuul  inner  angle  of  some  of  the  genus  Pa.iilio,    a,  telamonides;  b,  inurueUuB;  c,  nitra; 
d,  walshii:  e,  pliilenor:  f,  machaon:  g,  orogonia. 

enlarged.  Finally,  the  tails  arc  narrow,  not  enlarged  terminally,  Fig,  5,  f. 
Below  paler  than  above  but  with  the  markings  repeated,  but  the  triang- 
ular orange  markings  seen  on  the  hind  wings  of  P.  turnus,  inside  the 
sub-marginal  bands,  are  only  slightly  indicated.  The  light  areas  are 
larger  than  above.     Expanse  from  S.of  to  4.50. 

Ha])itat.  Europe.  Asia,  and  as  some  entomologists  affirm,  it  is  found 
in  Western  North  America,  from  California,  northward.  Most  authors 
appear  to  think  that  only  the  f  )llowlng  sub-species  is  found  un  our  side 
of  the  Pacific,  and  some  regard  oregonia  as  a  sub-s^iecies  of  macliaon. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


3a.  Papilio  machaon  aliaska  Scud.  Similar  to  P.  machaon,  but 
the  hind  margins  to  the  hind  -vvings  are  decidedly  convex,  the  black  is 
darker,  less  dusted  with  yellow  scales,  and  there  are  decided  black  edg- 
ings to  the  veinings.  Habitat,  Western  North  America,  from  Oregon, 
northward,  through  British  America,  into  Alaska. 

4.    PAPILIO  OREGONIA  Edw 
Oregon  Swallow-tail. 

Similar  to  P.  machaon  but  larger  with  the  yellow  areas  narrow,  the 
Avings  narrower  and  more  produced,  the  black  borders  of  hind  wings 
broader,  the  tails  longer,  and  the  central  spot  in  the  orange  area  on  inner 
angle  of  hind  wing  is  more  central,  and  has  a  decided  bulb  at  its  extrem- 
ity. Fig.  5,  g.    Expands  from  3.00  to  4.00. 

Habitat,  Oregon,  Washington  Territory,  and  Vancouver's  Island. 

5.    PAPILIO  ZOLICAON  Bd. 

Black  and  Yellow  Swallow-tail. 

Similar  to  P.  machaon  but  differs  in  being  smaller,  the  yellow  is 
darker,  being  rather  more  orange,  the  dark  areas  are  darker,  especially 
at  the  base  of  the  fore  wings,  and  above  all  the  black  center  to  the  or- 
ange on  secondaries  is  oval  and  completely  isolated.  Fig.  0,  e.  Margin- 
al spots  on  lower  side  of  hind  wings,  orange.     Expands  3.00  to  o.2o. 

Habitat,  Oregon  to  Arizona ;  Montana ;  Colorado. 

G.    PAPILIO  AMERICUS  Koll. 
Arizona  Swallow-tail. 

Similar  to  P.  machaon  in  general  coloration  but  with  a  black  cen- 
ter in  the  orange  spot  on  the  upper  surface  of  secondaries ;  sides  of  body 
spotted  as  in  P.  asterias,  instead  of  being  lined  as  in  P.  zolicaon.  The 
marginal  spots  on  the  hind  wings  below  are  orange  as  in  asterias,  as  are 
also  the  spots  constituting  the  central  band  of  the  under  fore  wings. 
Expands  about  3.00.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

7.  PAPILIO  NITRA  Edw. 
Pale  Swallow-tail. 
S?ze,  small;  tails  of  medium  length  and  not  expanded  at  tip.  Fig.5,  c. 
Above,  black,  with  a  sub-marginal  band  of  oval  spots  on  both  wings 
and  a  broad  central  band  on  both  wings,  widest  on  the  fore  wings,  in- 
terrupted at  the  veins,  and  a  triangular  spot  within  this  on  tlie  fore  wings, 
all  of  yellow  rather  paler  tlian  in  P.  tunins.     Between  these  two  bands 


NOKTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES.  7 

on  the  hind  wings  is  a  band  of  pale  bluish,  On  the  inner  angle  is  a  pale 
orange  spot  inclosing  an  oval,  bkck  center.  Beneath,  the  markings  are 
repeated  but  all  of  the  colors  are  paler,  the  black  areas  being  dusted  with 
yellow  scales,  especially  in  the  central  cell  of  the  hind  wings.  Expands 
about  3.00.    Habitat,  Montana. 

8.    PAPILIO  INDRA  Reak 
Indra  Swallow-tail 

Size,  small,  with  the  tails  extremely  short,  1^  ig.  (>,  d.  The  black  pre- 
dominates and  the  general  pattern  of  coloration  is  similar  to  that  of  P. 
asterias,  but  the  inner  band  of  yellow  spots  is  more  extended,  these 
greatly  exceeding  the  outer  in  width ;  on  the  hind  wings  are  continu- 
ous or  interrupted  only  by  the  narrow  veinings ;  on  the  other  hand,  the 
blue  spotting  between  the  two  bands  is  confined  to  the  hind  wings,  and 
is  much  restricted  even  here.  The  orange  spot  is  large,  surrounding 
an  oval  center.  There  is  an  additional  dot  of  yellow  in  the  central  cell 
of  the  fore  wing,  and  a  black  dot  in  the  second  of  the  yellow  spots  of  the 
inner  band  on  the  fore  wings,  near  the  upper  margin.  Beneath,  the 
markings  are  repeated  but,  unlike  asterias,  only  the  upper  and  lower 
spots  of  the  outer  band  of  crescents  are  orange,  and  there  are  only  slight 
traces  of  it  on  the  outer  portion  of  the  inner  band.  The  spottings  on 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen  are  absent  or  are  represented  by  a  dot  at  the 
extremity.    Expands  3.00. 

Habitat,  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  Nevada,  and  California. 


Fig.  G. 


p^mmw 


a 


e 


Tails  and  inner  angle  of  some  of  the  genus  rapilio;  a,  balrdii,  b,  asterias,  c,  brevicauda,  d,  in- 
dra. e,  zolicaon. 

!).    PAPILIO  PERGAMUS   II.  Edw. 

California  Swallow-tail. 

Similar  to  P.  indra  but  with  the   light  band  on  hind  wings  wider 

and  the  spot  on  the  inner  angle  is  simply  surmounted  with  orange,  not 

surrounded  by  it;  but  the  tail  is  longer,  being  equal  to  that  of  asterias. 

Expands  3.20.    Habitat,  Southern  California. 


w 


8 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


.; '      • 


!       « 


10.    PAPILIO  BREVICAUDA  Saund. 
Short-tailed  Swallow-tail. 

Similar  to  P.  indra  but  the  inner  band  of  yellow  spots  are  more  re- 
stricted, are  more  or  less  tinged  with  orange  on  the  lower  surface  in  the 
male  and  on  both  surfaces  in  the  female,  while  on  the  lower  surface  of 
the  hind  wings  in  both  sexes,  the  outer  band  of  crescent  shaped  spots 
are  also  tingd  with  orange ;  the  orange  spot  on  the  inner  angle  of  hind 
wings  occupies  only  the  upper  two  thirds  of  the  light  area,  the  lower  be- 
ing yellow,  and  the  central  dot  is  small,  while  the  tail  is  longer,  Fig.  6, 
c.    The  body  is  spotted  as  in  asterias.    Expands  3,00  to  3.52. 

Habitat,  Newfoundland,  Anticosti,  Labrador,  and  Quebec.  Oc- 
curs in  June. 

11.    PAPILIO  BAIRDII  Edw. 
Baird's  Butterfly. 

Similar  in  form  and  size  to  P.  asterias,  but  the  male  differs  above 
in  having  the  inner  row  of  yellow  spots  which  cross  both  wings  expand- 
ed into  a  wide,  continuous  band  as  in  indra  and  brevicauda,  interrupted 
only  at  the  veins.  Beneath,  this  band  is  slightly  tinged  with  orange  on 
the  hind  wings  but  there  is  no  orange  whatever  on  the  outer  band.  The 
]»lue  band  is  more  restricted  both  above  and  below,  and  the  interspace 
between  the  two  liglit  bands  toward  the  upper  border  of  the  fore  wings 
is  dusted  with  yell^Av  scales,  The  tail  and  orange  spot  with  its  black 
center  closely  approximathig  the  black  of  the  inner  side  are  much  as  in 
asterias.  Fig.  6,  b,  Female  scarcely  differs  from  that  of  asterias  above, 
but  may  be  recognized  by  the  absence  of  orange  on  the  outer  band  of 
yellow  spots  on  the  hind  wings,  and  there  is  but  a  slight  tinting  of  this 
on  the  inner  band.     Expands  3.(X)  to  4.00.     Habitat,  Arizona. 

12.  PAPILIO  ASTERIAS  Fab. 
Black  Swallow-tail. 
Above,  black  with  two  rows  of  yellow  spots  crossing  both  wings, 
between  these  on  the  hind  wings  is  a  rather  wide  band  of  blue  and  the 
lowermost  spots  on  the  fore  wings  of  the  inner  band  are  blue.  Within 
the  bands  near  the  apex  of  fore  wings  are  two  small  spots,  and  at  the 
outer  extremity  of  the  central  cell  a  transverse  band  of  yellow.  There 
is  a  spot  on  the  hnier  angle  of  the  Innd  wings,  orange  above,  yellow  be- 
low, inclosing  a  black  center:  Fig.  G,  b.  Beneath,  the  markings  are  re- 
peated with  the  yell(jw  spottings  enlarged,  the  lowermost  on  the  inner 
band  of  fore,  and  buth  rows  on  hind  Avings  are  overv.ashed  with  orange. 


4 


M 


NORTH  AMERICAN  Bl'TTERFLIES.  d 

Body,  black,  spotted  on  sides  -with  yellow.  Female,  similar,  but  Avith 
only  one  mw  of  spots  crossin;^  the  primaries  above.  Expands  3.0.">  to 
4.10.    Habitat,  United  States  generally,  also  Ontario  and  Quebec 

Occurs  from  April  until  November  in  Florida,  and  from  J  une  until 
September  in  Mass. 

12a.  Papilio  asterias  astkroide?  Reak.  Similar  to  P.  asterias; 
differs  in  having  the  inner  row  of  yellow  spots  on  the  fore  wings  nearly 
obscured,  excepting  the  spot  on  the  loAver  margin  Avhich  is  considerably 
elongated.  The  inner  row  of  yellow  spots  on  the  hind  wings  is  also 
much  obscured,  and  the  blue  band  is  broken  up  into  small,  round  spots. 
Beneath,  there  is  a  row  of  large  orange  sjjots  on  the  fore  wings. 

Calverleyi  Gro.  Male,  with  basal  two-thirds  of  fore  wing  and 
basal  one-third  of  hind  wings,  black  without  markings ;  a  narrow  bor- 

Fig.  7. 


rapilio  turnus,  upper  side. 

der  on  both  wings  is  also  black,  but  the  interspace  is  yellow,  becoming 
orange  tinted  on  the  hind  wings,  and  there  is  a  decided  orange  patch 
on  the  inner  angle  of  hind  wings  without  a  black  center.  Beneath, 
smnlar,  but  tlic  li,L;ht  interspace  is  Avholly  orange,  interrupted  only  by 
narrow  lines  of  yellow  along  the  veins.  Female,  similar,  but  with  a 
narrow  transverse  line  of  yellow  en  ssing  the  outer  end  of  the  central 
cell  on  the  fore  wings ;  the  yellow  of  the  h  ind  wingsis  strongly  tinged 
with  orange  and  the  orange  spot  on  the  inner  angle  has  a  black  center, 
beneath,  there  is  an  additional  transverse  line  in  the  central  cell  of  the 


.( 

1 

1 

it 

^ 

il     ' 

1!    ; 

1 

1 

10 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


fore  wings  also  yellow,  and  the  line  at  the  end  of  the  cell  is  prolonged 
along  the  vein  inwardly.  This  singular  butterfly  of  which  only  two 
specimens  are  known,  (one  taken  on  Long  Island  in  August,  18G3,  by 
Mr.  Louis  Fischer,  and  the  other  near  Enterprise,  Florida,  in  April, 
1809,  by  Mr.  T.  L  Mead,)  Mr.  W.  II. Edwards  considers  only  as  an 
aberrant  form  of  asterias  with  the  colors  suffused  to  an  extreme  degree. 
(See  remarks  under  head  of  Suffusion  in  the  introduction.)  I  am  in- 
clined, however,  to  look  upon  it  as  an  example  of  reversion  toward  some 
unknown  ancestor. 

V\.    PAPILIO  TROILUS  Linn. 

Green-si'Otted  Swallow-tail. 

Similar  tu  P.  asterias,  but  differs  in  having  -  '^thcr  shorter 

and  wider,  Fig.  S,  d ;  in  the  absence  of  the  inner  band  oi  ^^  n  upper 
side  of  the  hind  whigs,  this  being  represented  by  orange-washeu  o^ots, 
one  on  the  upper  border  and  the  other  at  the  inner  angle,  this  being 
without  the  black  center ;  and  in  the  band  above  on  the  hind  wing  us- 
ually being  green  instead  of  blue.  Ijcneath,  there  are  only  six  orange 
tinted  spots  on  tlie  inner  band  (ju  hind  wings,  the  third  one  from  the 
lower  margin  being  omitted  and  is  replaced  by  an  arrow  shaped  mark 
of  somewhat  defused,  greenish  scales. 

Habitat,  Atlantic  States  from  Mass.,  southward,  and  also  the  West- 
cm  States.  Occurs  in  April  in  Florida  and  disappears  in  November; 
in  Mass.,  appears  in  June  and  disappears  in  September. 

14.    PAPILIO  PALAMEDES  Dru. 
Broad-winged  Swallow-tail. 

Wings,  proportionally  short  and  broad,  Avith  the  tails  broad  and 
somewhat  expanded  terminally.  Fig.  8,  a.  Above,  dark  reddish  brown, 
with  two  rows  of  yellow  spots  crossing  both  wings,  the  outer  of  which 
are  oval  on  the  fore  wing,  but  crescent-shaped  on  the  hind  wing ;  the 
upper  on  the  fore  wings  are  placed  out  of  line  the  width  of  the  spot 
nearer  the  outer  border;  in  this  row  on  the  fore  wings  they  are  trian- 
gular, inclined  to  be  crescent-sliapcd,  but  near  the  lower  border  andju 
the  hind  wings  they  arc  fused  into  a  continuous  band.  Within  these 
bands,  near  the  upper  border  of  the  fore  Avings,  is  a  triangular  spot,  and 
there  is  a  dash  crossing  the  central  cell  near  the  outer  portion.  In  the 
inner  angle  of  the  hind  Avings  is  a  black  spot,  enclosing  a  bluish  cres- 
cent, and  above  and  below  it  are  orange  edgings.  Between  the  two 
light  bands  on  the  hind  Avings  are  obscure  spots  of  blue,  surrounded  by 


NORTH  AMEUICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


11 


more  or  less  scales  of  yellow.  There  is  a  line  of  yellow  in  the  center  of 
the  tails.  Beneath,  the  markings  are  repeated,  but  larger  on  the  fore 
wings,  and  on  the  hind  wings  they  are  more  or  less  o\'erwashed  with 
orange ;  on  this  wing,  between  the  two  bands,  in  the  middle  of  the  space 
between  tlie  veins,  are  dark  patches,  on  the  inner  side  of  which  are  spots 
of  blue  scales,  followed  outwardly  by  a  dusting  of  greenish-yellow  scales. 
On  the  base  of  the  hind  wing,  nearly  parallel  with  the  lower  edge,  is  a 
line  of  yellowish,  (Fig.  8,  e)  that  is  also  more  faintly  indicated  on  the 
base  of  fure  wing.  There  are  two  lines  of  yellowish  on  the  sides  of  the 
body.  Expands  3.90  to  -i.Zo.  Habitat,  the  Gulf  States  and  north  to 
Virginia.     Appears  in  March,  disappears  in  November. 

Fig.  8. 


a  b  c  d 

Wings  ami  tails  of  some  of  tho  gciuis  P.ipilio.  a,  right  hind  wing  of  pUamedes,  lower  side;  b, 
right  fore  wing  of  eurymcdon,  upper  sido;c,tiiilorsamc  species;  il,  left  hind  wing  of  troilus,  low- 
er sidu. 

15.    PAPILIO  TURNUS  Linx. 

Yellow  Swalloav-tail. 
Plate  I,  1,  lower  side  of  male ;  Fig.  G,  upper  side  of  same. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two,  slightly  enlarged  terminally,  Above, 
lemon  yellow,  with  both  wings  margined  all  around,  excepting  on  the 
lower  border  of  the  fore,  and  upper  border  of  hind  wings,  with  black. 
This  margin  is  widest  on  the  outer  border  of  the  wings,  and  here  con- 
tains a  band  of  yellow  spots,  which  are  oval  on  the  fore  wings  and  cres- 
cent-shaped on  the  hind,  where  the  upper  and  lower  spots  are  orange. 

There  is  an  orange  spot  on  the  inner  angle  of  the  hind  wing,  with- 
out a  black  center,  above  and  below  which  is  a  blue  spot.  There  are 
black  bands  on  the  wings  as  follows :  one  near  the  base  crossing  bi3th 
wings,  one  outside  of  this  on  the  fore  wings  joined  to  another  outside, 
and  between  this  and  the  marginal  band  is  a  shorter  one.    Beneath, 


12 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTEllFLIES. 


f 


I 


Naples  yellow,  and  these  bands  are  repeated,  but  the  outer  marginal 
arc  more  or  less  dusted  with  yellowish,  and  the  upper  four  yellow  spots 
on  the  liind  wings  are  overwashed  with  orange ;  inside  this  band,  still 
in  the  black  margin,  is  a  band  of  bluish  spots,  against  the  lower  three 
of  which,  on  the  inside,  are  orange  spots.  The  sides  of  the  body  are 
striped  with  yellow. 

Habitat,  Eastern  U.  S.  to  the  Mississippi  Valley,  thence  south- 
west to  Texas,  north  into  British  America  to  Alaska,,  also  Ontario,  (Que- 
bec and  Newfoundland.  Flies  in  Florida  from  Ai)ril  until  November; 
in  New  England  from  June  until  September. 

In  Florida,  both  sexes  of  specimens  of  this  species  which  I  have 
seen,  are  very  dark  in  color,  the  yellow  being  decidedly  ochraceous  of 
the  same  shade  as  in  P.  cresphontes ;  the  bandings  are  heavy,  ami  the 
ujiper  surface  of  the  hind  wings  lacks  the  sub-marginal  bandings  of  blue 
spots  almost  entirely;  showing  that  this  is  not  an  approach  toglaucus. 
On  the  other  hand,  in  northern  Mass.  the  reverse  is  the  case,  the  yellow 
lieing  paler  and  the  bandings  comparatively  narrow,  with  the  blue  well 
indicated. 

Glaucus  Linn.  Melanotic  female.  This  is  a  black  form  in  which 
the  pale  markings  in  the  outer  margin  remain  as  in  the  type,  and  the 
blue  markings  arc  more  extended,  but  the  remainder  of  the  wings  is 
more  or  less  blackened;  occurs  from  New  York,  southward  and  westward. 

in.  PAPILIO  EURYMEDON  Bd. 
Pale  Yellow  Sw^allow-tail. 
Similar  to  P.  turnus  in  size,  form,  and  general  markings,  but  the 
tails  are  rather  more  slender,  the  yellow  of  the  ground  color  is  very  pale, 
often  nearly  white  beneath,  but  the  dark  bandings  are  fully  as  black  as 
in  turnus,  and  only  the  two  lower  of  the  yellow  marginal  crescents  in 
the  hind  wings  are  tinged  with  orange,  while  there  is  no  orange  within 
the  blue  band.  The  marginal  band  of  yellow  spots  below,  on  the  fore 
wings  are  fused  together,  making  a  continuous  band,  interrupted  only 
by  the  narrow  veinings.  The  bandings  arc  wider  above  and  below.  Fig. 
8,  b.  The  larvae  appear  to  differ  somewhat  from  those  of  turnus.  Ex- 
pands 3.50  to  4.00. 

17.    PAPILIO  RUTULUS  Bd. 

Western  Yellow  Swallow-tail. 
Form  and  size  of  P.  turnus  and  the  markings  are  about  the  same; 
the  color,  however,  is  deeper,  being  almost  as  dark  as  that  of  the  Florida 


NOllTII   AMERICAN   lilTTERFUES. 


13 


examples  of  turnus  of  which  I  have  spoken,  but  the  blue  banding  is 
usually  indicated.  Beneath  there  is  no  orange  on  the  hind  wings,  ex- 
cepting on  the  spots  near  inner  angle,  and  the  yellow  marginal  band  on 
the  fore  wings  is  not  only  continuous,  but  is  somewhat  widened  at  the 
upper  bi.rdcr,  Fig.  J),  b.  And  the  spot  constituting  the  outer  of  the  fjur 
bands,  near  apex  of  fore  wing,  above  and  below,  js  not  only  much  restricted 
but  does  not  contain  a  light  center:  compare  Fig.  !),  b,  with  Plate  I,  1. 
Expands  ;i'»0  to  4:.'2i').  Habitat,  Pacific  States,  British  Columbia  and 
from  Montana  to  Arizona. 

17a.  Papilio  rutulus  arizonensis  Edw.  Similar  to  I*,  rutulua 
but  the  fore  wings  are  not  as  pointed ;  the  tails  are  not  as  long  and  curve 
inward.  Fig,  10,  a,  and  the  bandings  are  more  extended  and  darker. 
Habitat,  Arizona,  New  Mexico  and  Colorado. 

17b.  Papiijo  RUTULUS  AMMONi  Behrons.  General  color  of  wings, 
above  and  below,  deep,  but  rather  dull,  orange,  and  all  the  markings 
above  are  more  distinct  than  in  the  normal  form.    Habitat,  Nevada. 


a  b  c  d 

rortions  of  wings  of  members  of  the  Renus  Piip.lio.    a,  inner  angle,  upper  side,  hind  wing, 
polydamas;  b,  apex  of  fore  wing,  lower  side,  rutulus;  c,  tails  of  i)iluuiiius;  il.  tails  of  UaunuB. 


18.    PAPILIO  DAUNUS  Bd. 
Three  Tailed  Swallow-tail. 

Size  and  general  form  of  P.  turnus  but  with  the  fore  wings  more 
pointed,  and  the  hind  wings  deeply  indented  and  provided  with  three 
tails.  Fig.  M,  d.  The  color  is  the  same  ochreous  yellow  seen  in  Florida 
specimens  of  turnus  but  there  is  no  orange  tinting  on  the  marginal 
spots  of  the  hind  wings,  excepting  a  slight  overwashing  on  the  lower- 
most. Beneath,  this  overwashing  is  also  apparent  but  extends  to  a  lim- 
ited area  in  front  of  the  blue  band.    Exjiands  4.(X)  to  -t.oO. 

Habitat,  Arizona  to  Montana,  Utah,  jSevada,  Oregon,  and  Mexico. 


u 


NORTH  AMERICAIV   LLTTEKFUES. 


19.    PAPILIO  PILUMNUS  Bd. 

Broad-handed  Swallow-tail. 

Size  and  j^eneral  form  of  P.  turnus  but  with  tiio  three  tails  of  dau- 
nus,  F'ig.  !>,  c,  and  the  colors  are  much  as  in  that  siiecies,  hut  there  is 
one  less  bar  on  the  fore  wings,  caused  evidently  by  the  fusing  of  the 
divided  second  band;  in  fact,  all  of  the  black  markings  are  greatly  wid- 
ened. The  orange  spot  on  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  above  is  extended 
into  the  next  outer  cell,  and  all  the  marginal  spots  a.ho\Q  on  this  wing 
are  tinted  with  it;  the  orange  inside  the  blue  band  is  also  more  extended 
Expands  0.8O  to  4.."i().     Habitat,  Arizona  and  Mexico. 

20.    PAPILIO  CRESPHONTES  Cram. 
Yellow-banded    Swallow-tail. 

Size,  large.  Tails,  long  and  enlarged  terminally  enclosing  a  yel- 
low spot,  Fig.  10,  c.  Above,  dark  velvety  brown  with  a  band  of  ochre- 
ous  yellow  spots  crossing  the  wing  from  apex  of  fore  to  base  of  hind ; 
another  crosses  from  upper  border  of  fore  to  inner  angle  of  hind,  thus 
the  two  on  the  fore  wing  form  a  kind  of  cross.  On  inner  angle  of  hind 
wing  is  a  yellow  spot,  overwashed  with  orange,  and  above  it  is  a  bluish 
crescent.  Beneath,  these  bandings  become  so  greatly  enlarged  that  the 
dark  area  is  reduced  to  a  central  band,  a  marginal  band,  and  a  band 
and  some  rather  defused  lines  in  the  central  cell  of  the  fore  wings,  the 
base  of  the  hind  wing  is  thus  wholly  yellow.  The  black  band  on  hind 
wings  encloses  a  blue  band.  There  is  an  isolated  spot  of  black  in  the 
termination  of  the  central  cell  on  a  line  with  the  black  band,  and  the 
two  upper  branches  of  the  middle  vein  are  two  orange  spots.  Fig.  10,  c. 
Body,  yellow,  with  dark  line  down  back.  Expands  5.3o  to  o.oO.  Hab- 
itat from  Mass.,  where  it  is  rare,  to  Fla.,  and  in  about  the  same  range 
west;  has  been  taken  in  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  St.  Johns,  N.  B. 

L>1.    PAPILIO  THOAS  Linn. 
TiiOAS  Swallow-tail, 

Size,  about  that  of  P.  cresphontes  but  the  fore  wings  are  longer  and 
more  pointed,  and  the  tails  are  longer.  Fig.  10,  b ;  color,  similar,  but 
there  is  an  isolated  spot  of  yellow  on  the  lower  side  of  the  outer  third 
of  the  central  cell  of  fore  Avings  above.  This  is  repeated  below  but  larg- 
er, and  the  dark  lines  in  the  cell  are  sharply  defined.  On  the  hind  wing 
below,  the  orange  spots  in  the  center  of  the  wing  are  restricted,  but  the 
black  band  is  widened  inwardly,  so  as  to  include  the  enlarged,  black. 


!J_ 


Is  of  (lau- 
t  there  is 
ng  of  the 
atly  wid- 
extended 
his  wing 
extended 


ig  a  yel- 
)f  ochre- 
of  hind; 
nd,  thus 
)  of  hind 
a  bluish 
that  the 
i  a  band 
ngs,  the 
on  hind 
<■  in  the 
and  the 
g.  10,0. 
Hab- 
e  range 


gev  and 
ar,  but 
r  third 
it larg- 
d  wing 
mt  the 
black, 


f!,-      ~~\U' 


! 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  11. 

1.    Anthocharis  genutia.        2.    Callidryas  eubule.         3.    Kri- 
cogonia  Ijside.        4.    Colias  pliilodice.        o.    Tcrias  lisa. 


i     iil 


» 


I  1 


^I  :    l: 


I   i 


I 


-i 


PLATK    11. 


8 


Kri- 


t 


p^^f-\  \\  ij  / 


Noitli  Amnriciin  Iliittertties. 


5 

C   J    M 


h 


1     1 

y 

'  ■'/. 

NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


15 


scarcely  isulated  sjiot  in  the  central  cell,  in  its  line,  Fig.  10,  b.     Ex- 
pands o.OO.     Habitat,  Southern  Arizona,  Texas,  and  probably  Florida. 

22.    PAPILIO  POLYDAMAS  Linn. 
Red-spotted  Black  Butterfly. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  absent,  but  the  posterior  margin  of  the  hind 
•wings  are  quite  deeply  indented,  Fig.  9,  a.  Above,  dark  brown  with 
a  greenish  luster  to  the  hind  wings.  A  band  of  dull  orange  spots  begins 
on  the  middle  of  the  fore  wings,  extending  to  the  lower  margin,  thence 
on  to  the  hind  wings,  where  it  becomes  continuous  and  reaches  to  the 
inner  angle  which  is  without  a  black  spot.  Beneath,  darker,  with  a  sub- 
marginal  row  of  seven  red  spots  on  the  hind  wings,  and  with  the  orange 
spots  repeated  on  the  fore  wings.  Body,  black,  with  a  narrow  orange 
stripe  on  side  and  orange  spots  on  collar.    Expands  about  o..iiO. 

Habitat,  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  occasionally  Florida. 


Fig.  10. 


a  b  c 

niii3t\!\t!iiK  the  genus  Paiiilio.  a,  arizonenaiB,  t:iil,  U,  thons,  lelt  hiiul  wiii^',  loworside;  c,  crus- 
phontes,  snnio. 

GENUS  II.     PARNASSIUS. 

MOUNTAIN  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  mediimi.  Antennae,  rounded,  with  club  short. 
Wings,  short  and  rounded,  portions  l^'ing  semi-transparent; 
secondaries  without  tails  or  scalloi)S.  Colors,  white  or  yel- 
lowish-wliite,  conspicuously  marked  with  spots  of  red  or 
orange,  usually  with  the  formei'.  Female,  provided  with 
a  corneous  appendage  in  the  form  of  a  pouch,  situated  on 


Wi'i 


T 


!! 


1^ 


I  ^ 


16 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


the  under  side  of  the  abdomen,  Fig.  13,  a.     Typk,  P.  smin- 
TiiEUS.     ( Plate  1,  2. ) 

2a.    PAllNASSIUS  CLODIUS  Men. 

Four  spotted  Mountain  Butterfly. 

Plate  I,  2,  lower  side,  female. 

Male,  Avith  outer  half  uf  fure  "wings  semi-transparent ;  above,  creamy 
■white ;  fore  wings  margined  on  outer,  uiipcr,  and  basal  edges  with  dusky. 
A  band  of  dusky  nearly  crosses  the  Aving  sub-terminally,  and  within  is 
one  much  shurter,  and  two  darker  bands  cross  the  central  cell,  one  at  the 
outer  end  and  the  other  midway.  Hind  wings  have  the  base  and  inner 
edge,  blackish  and  there  is  a  black-ringed  red  spot  on  the  upper  margin 
and  another  one,  often  represented  by  a  ,aere  black  point,  near  the  mid- 
dle uf  the  wing.  Beneath,  ratlier  darker,  with  the  bandings  and  spots 
repeated,  but  the  latter  visually  are  white-pupiled,  as  thoy  also  are  oc- 
casiunally  above.  Female,  similar  with  bandings  above  more  conspicu- 
ous, the  second  within  the  margin  on  fore  wings,  being  nearly  as  long  as 
the  first.  The  outer  three-fuurths  of  the  fore  wings  are  semi-transparent. 
The  hind  wings  have  an  additional  band  of  sub-mai'ginal  dusky  crescents; 
the  red  s^tots  are  greatly  enlarged,  white-pupiled,  and  below  there  are 
three  ur  four  additional  red  spots  at  the  base  of  the  wing,  also  a  fused, 
double  crescent-shaped  spot  on  the  inner  angle,  all  black-ringed  and  white 
pupiled;  these  extra  sputtings  are  sometimes  faintly  indicated  in  the 
male.     Pouch,  large  and  white;    Exi)ands  from  2.40  to  o.oO. 

Habitat,  California,  Utah,  Nevada,  and  ^Montana.  Occurs  in  July 
and  August. 

2;]a.  Parnassius  clodius  menetriesii.  Edw.  Differs  from  typ- 
ical 1'.  clodius,  in  being  smaller  and  in  having  all  of  the  dark  markings 
on  fore  wings  paler;  on  the  other  hand,  the  hind  wings  are  comparatively 
more  deejtly  edged  with  black.  The  red  spots  are  very  small  and  pale 
often  becoming  simply  pale  pink  or  orange,  but  are  always  black-ringed. 
Beneath,  yellower  than  above  but  there  is  no  red  spot  on  the  inner  an- 
gle. In  the  female,  the  colors  arc  also  pale  and  the  inner  angle  of  hind 
whig  (piite  without  red  spots.    Exitands  2.2.")  to  2.o(). 

24.    PARNASSIUS  SMINTIIEUS  Dourl. 

Ekjiit-spotted  Mountain  Butterfly. 

Differs  from  P.  clodius  in  being  wliitc  above,  faintly  tinted  in  female 
only,  with  creamy;  in  having  the  marghial  band  of  fore  wings  broken 


NORTH  AMERICAN  RriTERFLIES. 


17 


E,  P.  SMIN- 


ove,  creamy 
with  dusky, 
id  vitliin  is 
1,  one  at  the 
3  and  inner 
>per  margin 
lar  the  mid- 
s  and  spots 
also  are  oc- 
e  conspicu- 
)  as  long  as 
I'ansparent. 
r crescents; 
r  there  are 
so  a  fused, 

I  and  white 
ted  in  the 

irs  in  July 

from  typ- 
;  markings 
paratively 

II  and  pale 
ck-ringed. 

inner  an- 
1g  of  hind 


■with  a  series  of  triangular  white  spots  and  the  bands  of  central  cell  are 
■wider  and  darker ;  and  there  are  some  black-edged,  red  spots,  three  in 
the  female  and  occasionally  also  in  tlie  male,  though  sometimes  all  are 
■wanting  in  the  male,  in  the  second  siuirt,  dusky  bund  without  the  cen- 
tral cell,  Fig.  lo,  c.  In  the  female,  there  is  an  extra  black-ringed,  red 
spot  in  this  band  near  lower  margin  of  wing,  often  present  in  male  also. 
BcloAv,  the  crimson  spots  are  repeated  and  there  are  in  both  sexes,  three 
or  four  black  spots  at  the  base  of  the  hind  wings,  crimson-centered  in 
the  females  and  often  in  the  males.  There  are  two  unfused  red  spots 
( m  inner  angle  of  female,  frequently  represented  by  one  in  males.  Pouch 
of  female,  black;    Fig.  13,  a.    Expands  l.SO  to  2.50. 

Habitat,  Rocky  Mountains,  Colorado  to  iSIontana,  New  INIexico,  and 
Mt.  Bradley,  California.     Occurs  in  June,  July,  and  August. 

2-la.  Parxassius  smixtiieus  beiirii  Edw.  Similar  to  typical  P. 
smintheus,  but  differs  in  having  the  sub-marginal  band  on  both  Avings 
much  heavier,  and  in  having  tlie  spottings  always  orange  in  the  male» 
and  frequently  so  in  the  female.     Habitat.  Nevada  and  Utah. 


Fig.  13. 


in  female 
gs  broken 


a 

Tniistratiiii.'Uief;oiius  ran; ass! us.     a.  abiloniitial  i.oiichof  fenialo  pmiiitlinus,  cnlarj;cxl;  d.riiflit 
foro  wini.',  nipper  siilcofclodiiis;  c,  satiio  of  smiutlieiis;  b,  same  of  cverBmaniiii. 

2-tb.  Parxassius  smixtiieus  iiermodur  II.  Edw.  Much  darker 
on  fore  wings  than  the  type,  the  whole  upper  surface  being  strongly 
tinged  with  suK'ky.  "uearly  obscuring  the  dark  bars,  otherwise  quite  sim- 
ilar to  the  type  firm.  Expands  about  2.;i(».  Habitat,  Colorado,  Mon- 
tana, and  British  America. 

2:,.    PARNASSIUS  NOMION  Fiscii. 
Alaskian  Mountain  Butterfly. 
Differs  from  P.  clodius  in  having  the  marginal  dusky  band  on  the 
wings  interrupted  by  a  marginal  band  of  white  spots  as  in  P.  smintheus, 
but  the  second  inner  band  between  the  outer  and  the  central  cell  is  want- 
ing, being  represented  by  two  dark  spots,  the  up|ier  of  which  contains  a 


'18 


NORTU  AMERICAN   BUTTERFLIES. 


crimson  centre.  There  is  a  fused,  double  black  spot  on  the  inner  angle 
of  hind  -vving  that  contains  two  minute  red  spots.  Expands,  about  3.25. 
Habitat,  Alaska. 

2G.    PARNASSIUS  EVERSMANNI. 

Eversmann's  Mountain  Butterfly. 

Differs  from  all  other  species  of  this  genus  which  occur  Avith  us,  in 
being  deep  orange  yellow,  markings  most  nearly  resemble  those  of  P. 
clodius  but  differ  in  having  tlie  second  band  within  the  marginal  on  fore 
wing  longer  than  the  first,  completely  crossing  the  Aving,  and  there  is  an 
indication  of  an  extra  bar  near  base.  Fig.  lo,  b.  Beneath,  the  two  red 
spots  seen  on  the  hind  wings  above  are  repeated  with  a  white  centre, 
but  those  at  the  base  of  the  wing  are  fused  into  a  nearly  continuous 
patch.  The  black  bar  on  the  inner  angle  contains  a  nearly  fused, dou- 
ble spot  with  a  white  centre.  Expands  about  2.50.  Habitat,  Alaska 
and  Siberia. 

2(!a.  Parxassius  eversmanxi  thor  H.  Edw.  Differs  from  the 
type  in  being  white  instead  of  yellow,  the  black  on  the  base  of  the  fore 
win^s  is  broader  and  the  bands  arc  wider.  The  red  sj^ots  are  more  nu- 
merous, larger  and  darker.  Exi)ands  2.10.  Habitat,  Alaska  and  Si- 
beria.   This  and  the  type  form  are  exceedingly  rare. 

GENUS  ITT.    NEOPIIASIA. 
I3LACI>:  AND  WHITE  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  mediitm.  Color.*!,  white  rather  conspicuously 
marked  Avilli  hlack.  Wings,  very  thin.  Head,  thoraxj  and 
body,  slender.     Tyi'E,  N.  mexapia.     ( Plate  I,  3. ) 

27.    NEOPIIASIA  MENAPIA  Feld. 
PiXKisn  Butterfly. 

Pinkish-white,  with  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  nari'owly,  and  up- 
per half  of  outer  margin  more  widely,  edged  with  l)lack.  There  is  a  sp  )t 
from  the  upjior  border  crossing  the  end  of  the  central  cell,  and  the  outer 
margin  encloses  five  oval  white  spots.  Body,  black.  Beneath,  these 
markings  are  repeated  but  rather  more  restricted,  and  there  is  a  narrow 
sub-marginal  band  of  dusky  on  tlie  Iiind  wings,  and  the  veins  arc  nar- 
rowly margined  with  it.     Body,  black.     Expands  2.0i)  to  2.20. 

Habitat,   California,  Oregon,  Washington  Territory.  Vancouver's 
I  land,  and  Colorado. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


la 


Neopha  menapia  suffusa  Stretch.  Similar  to  typical  N.  men- 
apia  but  with  the  markings  more  extended  and  rather  more  white  in 
ground  color.  There  is  an  interrupted  marginal  band  of  red  on  hind 
wing  of  female,  and  a  small,  elongated  patch  on  the  same  wing  of  male. 

GENUS  IV.     PIERIS. 

WHITE  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  small  to  medium.  Colors,  white  or  pale  yellow- 
ish with  dull  black  markings.  Antennae,  longer  than  one 
half  the  length  of  the  body,  and  the  club  is  rather  suddenly 
enlarged.  Fore  wings  long  and  pointed,  hind  wings  rather 
long  but  rounded  and  tailless ;  neither  pair  are  especially 
thin.  Body  and  thorax  not  as  slender  as  in  Neophasia. 
Type,  P.  rafae.     (Plate  I,  4.) 


2S.    PIERIS  AMARYLLIS  Fab. 
Texan  White  Butterfly. 

Size,  about  that  of  P.  ilaire.  Color  throughout,  dull  white  with  a 
series  of  dusky  crescent-shaped  spots  on  the  outer  margin  of  fore  wing. 
Habitat,  Southern  Texas  and  Mexico. 

29.    PIERIS  ILAIRE  Godt. 
Florida  Cabbage  Butterfly. 

Above,  dull  greenish  white,  with  extreme  upper  border  of  fore  wings 
dusky,  this  narroAvs  to  a  mere  line  in  the  middle  and  widens  on  base  and 
apex,  Fig.  11,  f.  There  is  a  serrated  margin  of  dusky  on  the  outer  bor- 
der, widest  above  and  narrowest  below,  but  not  reaching  the  lower  bor- 
der. The  hind  wings  are  without  markings.  Beneath  the  markings 
above  arc  not  repeated  but  the  apex  of  fore  wings  and  the  whole  surface 
of  the  hind  wings  are  strongly  tinged  with  ocherous  yellow.  There  is  a 
point  of  orange  at  base  of  hind  wings  and  an  orange  collar.  Expands  2.25 
to  o.OO.    Habitat,  Central  and  Southern  Florida. 

80.    PIERIS  J^IONUSTE  Linn. 
Larger  Cabbage  Butterfly. 
Similar  to  P.  ilaire  but  diifers  in  being  larger,  with  the  black  on 
the  fore  wings  more  extended,  covering  the  outer  f  jurth  of  wing  at  apex, 


T 


20 


NORTH  AMERICAN  13UTTERFUES. 


and  the  hind  wings  have  a  line  of  dusky,  triangular  spots  on  the  outer 
border.    Expands  2.;'jO  to  o.(¥).    Habitat,  Southern  States. 

31.    PIERIS  BECKERII  Edw. 
Becker's  "White  Butterfly. 

size,  small;  wings,  thin.  Color,  white,  marked  in  male,  on  apex 
of  upper  side  of  fore  wings  with  about  eight  spots  of  dusky  in  two  rows, 
one  marginal  and  the  other  within  this.  There  is  a  spot  in  end  of  cen- 
tral cell,  containing  a  dash  of  white.  No  markings  on  hind  wings  above. 
Beneath,  the  markings  of  fore  wings  are  repeated  but  enlarged,  and 
there  is  an  extra  spot  an  the  middle  of  the  lower  margin.  The  veins 
of  hind  wings  are  broadly  margined  (less  so  on  lower  branch  of  upper 
vein)  with  dusky  scales  that  are  tmged  with  greenish  and  orange,  and 
these  show  a  tendency  to  become  fused  near  the  outer  border,  and  form 
a  sub-marginal  band,  Fig.  11,  e.  Female,  similar  but  there  are  two 
extra  spots  on  fore  wings,  one  to  each  row,  forming  bands  nearly  across 
the  wings.  The  dusky  veinings  on  hind  wings,  seen  below,  show  more 
faintly  above,  and  there  is  a  marginal,  and  a  partial  sub-marginal  row 
of  spots.    Below,  similar  to  male.    Expands  l.G.l  to  2.00. 

Habitat,  Nevada,  Utah,  Oregon,  California,  Washington  Territory, 
Colorado,  and  Arizona. 

Fiu.  11. 


Illustrivting  the  gemis  Picris,  a,  rapae,  tip  of  fore  wing,  u|iperside;  h,  napi  8ame;c,  sisyiiila-i, 
lower  side,  hiiul  wins  ;  £■>  liecliorii,  same;  tl,  inotodice,  (female)  upper  side  offore  wing;  f,  ilaire, 
apex,  upper  side  fore  wing. 

32.  PIERIS  SISYMBRIBi). 

California  White  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  P.  beckerii  but  is  si^nller,  Avith  the  markings  on  upper 
side  of  fore  wings  more  extended,  and  square  or  rectangular,  not  trian- 
gular ;  the  markings  on  the  lower  portion  of  hind  wings  are  also  darker, 
and  the  fused  sub-marginal  band  is  nearly  black,  forming  arrow-shaped 
marks,  Fig,  11,  c.  Expands  l.oO  to  l.GO.  Habitat,  California,  Neva- 
da, Colorado,  and  Arizona. 


<M 


,;i 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES, 


21 


^•• 


oo. 


FIERI  S  NELSONI  Edw. 
Nelson'*' White  Butterfly. 
Similar  to  P.  beckerii  but  differs  in  having  the  mary"-^gson  fore 
-wings  a])uvc,  rather  more  sharply  defined,  and  the  spot  at  the  end  of 
conti-al  cell  is  confined  to  the  interspace  between  the  two  veins,  not  ex- 
tending above  the  upper,  Fig.  12,  a.  Expands  about  2.00.  Habitat. 
St.  Michael's,  Alaska. 

34.  PIERIS  OCCIDENTALIS  Reak. 

Western  Caccaije  Butterfly. 

White,  with  base  of  wings  powdered  with  violaceous  and  grayish. 
There  are  two  rows  of  grayish  spots  crossing  the  fore  wings,  one  mar- 
ginal and  tlie  other  sub-marginal.  Hind  wings,  with  a  marginal  row 
of  arrow-shaped  spots.  Beneath,  the  markings  of  both  wings  are  re- 
peated, but  there  is  an  extra  spot  near  the  inner-angle  of  fore  wings, 
and  the  ^-eins  of  the  hind  wings  are  broadly  bordered  with  bright  yellow- 
ish green.  The  apex  of  fore  wings  and  whole  surface  of  hind,  arc  strong- 
ly tinged  with  yellow. 

Differs  from  P.  protodice,  in  having  no  spot  on  end  of  central  cell 
of  fore  wings.  Expands  from  1.70  to  2.00.  Habitat,  l^ocky  Mountains 
to  the  Pacific,  from  California  to  Oregon,  and  north  into  British  Amer- 
ica. 

Calyce  Edw.  The  above  described  is  the  summer  form ;  the  pres- 
ent is  the  winter  and  differs  from  the  summer,  in  being  whiter,  only 
slightly  tinged  Avith  yellow,  but  the  black  markings  are  rather  more  de- 
cided and  there  is  a  greenish  overwashing  beloAv. 

35.  PIERIS  PROTODICE  Bd-Lec. 

Banded  White  Butterfly. 

Male,  white,  faintly  tinged  with  greenish,  with  a  marginal  row  of 
triangular  spots  of  dull  black  on  fore  whigs,  within  which  is  a  shorter 
row,  the  two  being  connected  by  faint  edgmgs  along  the  veins.  There 
is  a  large  spot  at  end  of  cell  that  encloses  a  curved  transverse  line  of 
white,  and  bclo'w  this,  on  the  lower  border  of  the  wing,  is  another  spot, 
paler  than  the  last,  and  the  bases  of  both  wings  are  grayish,  otherwise 
the  hind  wings  are  unmarked.  Beneath,  the  markings  are  repeated 
and  the  veins  of  hind  wings  are  margined  with  brown,  tinged  with  or- 
ange and  greenish.  The  tips  of  the  fore  wings  are  also  overwashed  with 
the  same  colors. 


!  ■'! 


22 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


i  i 


hi 


if^i 


■  J 


Female,  similavbut  with  the  markings  of  fore  wing  more  extended, 
Fig.  11,  (I,  and  there  is  a  broad,  marginal  band  on  liiud  wings,  enclosing 
a  row  of  large,  diamond-shaped  sjiots  (  f  white ;  there  is  also  a  spot  at 
end  of  central  cell,  enclosing  a  curved  transverse  line  of  white.  Ex- 
pands l.(iO  to  2.2;"). 

Veknalis  Edw.  Is  a  winter  form,  smaller,  with  the  dark  colors 
more  prominent,  therefore  the  two  bands  on  fore  wings  are  more  often 
connected  by  decided  markings  in  both  sexes. 

Habitat,  from  Mass.,  where  it  is  rare,  south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  west  to  the  Pacific,  also  British  America. 

;J0.    PIERIS  NAPI  EsPER. 
WiiiTK  Butterfly. 

Size  and  form  of  P.  rapae  but  differs  above  in  having  the  dark  tip- 
pings  to  apex  of  fore  wings  not  confined  to  the  space  above  the  second 
branch  of  the  middle  vein ;  and  in  having  the  dark  spot  betAveeu  the  first 
and  second,  nearer  the  outer  margin.  Fig.  11,  b;  ib.,  a,  being  P.  rapae. 
Beneath,  the  hind  wings  and  tip  of  fore,  are  yellowish  green,  not  yellow, 
and  the  veins  of  the  former  are  narrowly  margined  Avith  brown  scales. 
Expands  1.25  to  l..")!).  This  is  the  type  form,  as  it  occurs  in  Europe. 
In  this  country,  the  following  sub-species  occur. 

oOa.  PiERis  NAPI  OLERACEA  Ilarr.  AVhite  above,  with  very  little 
or  no  dark  markings  anywhere,  and  the  upper  margin  of  hind  wing  is 
pale  yellow.  Oleracea-iiiemalis  Harr.  is  the  winter  form,  with  the 
dark  markings  rather  niore  conspicuous  and  the  upper  marghi  of  hind 
wing,  pale  orange.  Habitat,  from  New  England  to  Mich.:  Ontario  and 
Quebec. 

Yirginiexsis  Edw.  is  an  abertant  form,  with  the  surface  white 
above  but  much  obscured  with  brownish  scales,  especially  on  apex  of 
fore  wings,  on  upper  border  of  both  wings,  and  basal  half  of  lower.  Be- 
neath, ail  of  the  veins  are  bordered  with  grayish.  Habitat,  New  York 
and  Ontario. 

oGb.  PiERis  NAPI  iiULDA  Edw.  In  this  sub-species,  the  lines 
along  the  veins  of  lower  side  of  hind  wings  are  fused,  that  is,  the  dark 
scales  spread  over  the  entire  surface.    Habitat,  Alaska. 

oGc.  PiERis  NAPI  VEXOSA  Scud.  Has  the  veins  of  under  side  of 
hind  wings  broadly  bordered  with  black,  with  the  lines  continuing  of 
equal  width  (piite  to  the  margin  of  the  wing.  Habitat,  California  to 
British  Columbia.  Flava  EdAv.  Is  an  aberrant,  yelloAV  form  of  this 
last,  found  in  California. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


23 


oGd.  PiERis  NAPi  BOREAUS  Gro.  Is  most  like  typical  napi.  Hab- 
itat, Arctic  Amerida. 

SOe.  PiERis  NAPi  FRKJIDA  Scud.  Similar  to  napi  but  with  the 
dark  lines  on  lower  side  of  hind  wings  paler  and  narrower.  Habitat, 
Labrador  and  Anticosti. 

8(;f.  PiERis  NAPI  ACADiCA  Edw.  Similar  to  frigida  but  paler, 
with  markings  less  distinct.     Habitat,  Newfoundland. 

30g.  PiERis  NAPI  PALLIDA  Scud.  Similar  to  napi  but  with  the 
colors  white  or  pale  yellow,  and  with  the  lines  bordering  veins,  very 
faintly  visable.    Habitat,  California  to  British  Columbia. 

o('»h.  PiERif!  NAPI  CASTORiA  Reak.  Like  the  last,  with  faint  spots 
on  the  fore  wings. 

37.    PIERIS  VIRGINIENSIS  Edw. 

Edward's  White  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  P.  napi  but  differs  in  having  the  wings  longer  and  nar- 
rower, Fig  12,  b,  with  the  ground  colors  much  obscured  with  brownish 
scales  above,  but  there  are  no  dark  markings  above.  All  of  the  veins 
below  are  margined  with  brownish  scales.  Expands  from  1.70  to  1*J0. 
Habitat,  ^Vest  Virginia.    Occurs  in  May  and  June  only. 

38.    PIERIS  RAPAE  Linn. 

Cabbage  Butterfly. 

Greenish  white  with  apex  of  fore  wings  dull  black,  this  being  often 
nearly  wanting  and  always  confined  to  the  border  above  the  second  branch 
of  the  middle  vein,  Fig.  11,  a.  There  is  a  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  fore 
wings,  and  on  upper  border  of  hind  wings,  and  in  the  female,  a  second 
on  lower  border,  but  in  the  male  the  spots  are  often  wanting.  Beneath, 
the  spots  on  fore  wings  are  repeated  and  the  central  is  very  rarely  ab- 
sent, even  if  not  seen  above.  Apex  of  fore  wings  and  whole  of  hind, 
ocherous  yellow,  and  these  portions  and  the  base  of  wings  above  and  be- 
low, are  powdered  with  dusky.    Expands  l.GO  to  180. 

Introduced  from  Europe  and  now  found  from  Canada  south  to 
Georgia,  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  through  British  America 
to  the  Pacific.    Occurs  from  April  until  November. 

oSa.  Pieris  rapae  marginalis  Scud.  Has  the  dark  markings 
rather  more  extended  than  in  the  type,  and  with  the  spots  above  always 
present.    Habitat,  Western  States. 

oSb.  Pieris  rapae  yreka  Reak.  Has  the  markings  even  more  ex- 
tended.   Habitat,  California. 


24 


NOKTII  AMERICAN  liUTTEIlFLIES. 


38c.  PiERis  RAPAE  MAXNi  Mayer.  With  the  markings  of  the 
tj'pe,  but  pale,  clear  yellow  without  any  ocherous  tint.  Habitat,  Geor- 
gia and  Chicago,  Ills. 

;)S(l  PiERis  liAPAE  N0VAE-AX(5LIAE  Scud.  With  thc  usual  mark- 
ings but  with  tlie  surface  of  both  wings  dull  sulphur  yellow.  Habitat, 
New  England  and  New  York. 

GENUS  V.     NATHALTS.     DWARF  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  Miiiill.  Colors,  yellow,  with  prominent  dark 
markin<;s.  Antennae,  short,  but  in  the  male  longer  than 
one  half  the  len(i!;th  of  the  ImmIv.  Fore  wing's,  long  and 
narrow,  but  with  the  apex  rounded,  without  any  angle  on 
on  outer  border.  Hind  wings  nnieh  shorter  than  the  fore, 
but  narrower  than  long,  and  well  rounded.  There  is  a 
small,  oval,  naked,  depression  just  over  the  central  cell, 
near  upper  border  of  hind  wings.  Type,  N.  idle.  (Plate 
1,5.) 


?,0.    NATHALIS  lOLE  Bd. 
Yellow^  dwarf  Butterfia'. 

Plate  I,  o,  upper  side,  female. 
Male,  yellow  above,  with  apex  of  fore  wings,  excepting  narroAv  mar- 
gin on  extreme  tip,  two  spots  beloAV  this  on  outer  border,  one  dot  at  end 
of  central  cell  and  another  between  the  first  and  second  branches  of  the 
middle  vein,  an  elongated  patch  on  lower  border  and  another  on  upper 
border  of  lower  wing,  (neither  of  these  patches  quite  reach  the  border) 
and  some  dots  on  outer  border  ami  a^ong  the  outer  iiortion  of  hind  wings, 
dark  brown.  Beneath,  thc  Muukiii;  f  are  repeated,  excepting  ])atch  on 
apex  of  fore  wings  and  upper  b.  j't'jr  of  hind  wings,  but  not  as  promi- 
nent. The  apex  of  f  )re  Avings,  base,  outer  margin,  and  a  l)and  across 
the  hind  wing,  are  tinged  with  greenish.  There  is  an  elongated  patch 
of  orange  along  the  basal  two-thirds  of  tlie  upper  border  of  fore  wings. 
Female,  similar,  but  with  the  markings  darker  and  more  extended, 
there  being  an  indication  of  a  dusky  line  across  the  middle  of  the  hind 
wings  above.  Expands  1.00  to  1. "J.-).  Habitat,  Illinois,  and  Missouri 
to  California,  also  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 


NORTH  AMKKICAN  l!l  TTI;KFL1KS. 


25 


31)a.  Nathalis  iole  iuene  Fitch.  Differs  from  the  typo,  in  the 
absence  dF  the  three  hlack  spots  on  outer  borders  of  the  fore  wiii>f3  be- 
low, and  in  liavin^  the  base  of  the  wing,  instead  of  its  outer  margin,  or- 
ange. 

GENUS  VI. 

ANTHOCHARIS.    MARBLED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  .sinall.  Colors,  uliite  or  greeniisli  white,  with 
hind  wings  below  inarl)led  with  greenish,  and  fore  wings 
of  male  often  conspicuously  marked  with  black  and  orange. 
Antennae,  slK^rter  than  one  half  the  length  of  the  body. 
Fore  wings,  rather  short,  with  the  outer  margin  produced 
hito  a  more  or  less  prominent  angle.  Hind  wings  long, 
wide,  but  well  rounded,  tbeir  w  idth  being  a  little  more  than 
three-fourths  their  length.    Tyfk,  A.  gknutia.   (  Plate  II,  1. ) 


40.    ANTHOCHARIS  LANCEOLATA  Rd. 

Boisduval's  Marbled  BviTTEiiFLY. 
Size,  large,  outer  portion  of  fore  wing  wit);  prominent  angle.  White 
on  both  surfaces ;  above,  dusky  at  base  of  wings,  with  a  marginal  border 
.of  indistinct  white  spots  on  apex  and  .outer  border  of  fore  wings,  within 
which  is  another  small,  dusky  spot,  and  at  the  end  of  central  cell  is  a 
sub-oval  or  crescent-shaped  spot,  Fig,  12,  c.  Hind  wings,  unspotted. 
Beneath,  the  spot  at  end  of  cell  of  fore  wing,  is  repeated,  and  apex  and 
upper  border  are  sprinkled  with  a  brownish-green  tint;  the  hind  wing  is 
thickly  marbled  with  the  same  but  most  heavily  on  the  basal  two-tiiirds, 
and  there  is  an  oblique  white  spot  on  the  upper  border.  Female,  simi- 
lar but  rather  more  heavily  marked.  This  is  the  most  slightly  marked 
species  above,  of  any  that  we  have  v.dthin  our  liraits.  Expands  1.4< )  to 
I.IJO.  IIabita,t,  Northern  California,  Nevada,  and  Arizona.  Occurs 
from  April  until  July. 

41.    ANTHOCHARIS  CREUSA  Doubl-Hew. 

Crelsa  JNIarblei)  Butterfly. 

Size,  small,  about  that  of  A.  genucia,  but  the  outer  border  of  fore 
wing  is  without  prominent  angle.  White,  with  rectangular  spot  at  end 
of  central  cell  of  fore  wing,  not  reaching  upper  border.    Apex,  dusky, 


V 


i 


11 


i  »Hi 


j 

T'  '     1 
1 

ij'  i!j5ii 


2G 


NOllTll   AMERICAN   BUTTEKFUES. 


enclosing  a  line  of  four  or  five  white  spots ;  the  inner  border  of  this  area 
is  composed  of  a  darker,  saber-shaped  spot,  point  downward.  Fig.  12.  d, 
Upper  border  of  wing,  sprinkled  sparingly  with  black.  Base  of  both 
wings,  dusky.  Upper  surface  of  hind  wing,  slightly  marbled  with  dusky, 
lower  surface,  prominently  and  not  very  finely,  with  dusky  and  green- 
ish. Expands  about  l.OU.  Habitat,  Southern  California,  Arizona,  and 
Utah. 

42.    ANTIIOCITARIS  HYANTIS  Edw. 
IIyantis  Maiibled  Butterfly. 

Male,  white,  similar  to  olympia,  with  bar  at  end  of  central  cell, 
narrower  and  reaching  upper  border  of  wing ;  and  there  are  two  rows  of 
dusky  spots  in  apex.  The  marblings  of  hind  wings  beneath  are  green, 
gray,  and  yellow.  Female,  similar,  but  with  the  dark  markings  more 
extended.  Expands  1.50  to  l.y(».  Habitat,  Colorado,  California,  and 
Arizona. 


a  1)  c  d  e 

a,  fine  winy,  uiiper  Biili,-,  I'ieriB  iirlsoni:  b,  suinc  1'.  vir^'iiiieiisis;  c,  saiae  Anthuctjans  lauccula- 
ta;  d,  Bame  A.  cerusa:  e,  hliul  win^,  lower  buIo,  A.  i'o»a, 

4;J.    ANTIIOCHARIS  OLYMriA  Edw. 

OlYMI'IAN   MaRBLKD  BlTTERFLY. 

Size,  about  that  of  A.  genutia,  but  with  outer  border  of  fore  wing 
without  conspicuous  angle,  and  there  is  no  orange  nor  yellow  above  or 
below.  The  apex  of  f  jre  wing  is  dusky,  inside  of  which,  on  up])e/-  and 
outer  bordc/,  is  a  darker  spot,  and  tht-re  is  a  transverse  spot  at  end  of 
central  cell.  The  hh J  wings  are  faintiy  n'nvl^lod  with  dus; :;, .  Beneath, 
the  markings  are  not  repeated.  The  marblings  on  the  hind  wings 
differ  from  those  of  A.  genutia,  in  being  broken  into  three  divisions, 
basal,  central  and  on  outer  border:  comi)are  hind  wing  of  olympia, 
Fig.  U,  a,  with  that  of  genutia.  ib.  b.  Female,  alittle  darker  and  there 
are  three  blackisii  dots  on  outer  margin  of  innd  wings  above.  Expands 
l.CO  to  1 .7( ).  Habitat,  West  Virginia.  Indiana,  and  Nebraska.  Occurs 
as  early  as  April. 


NORTH   AMERICAN   IJITTEKFLIES. 


27 


'  this  area 
ng.  1L>.  d, 
e  of  both 
.th  dusky, 
nd  green- 
izona,  and 


ntral  cell, 
vo  rows  of 
are  green, 
ings  more 
Drnia,  and 


bans  laiiocola- 


r  fore  wing 

V  above  or 

upper  and 

at  end  of 

Benoath, 

lind  wings 

divisions, 

f  olympia, 

r  and  there 

Expands 
\.    Occurs 


44.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  ROSA  Kmv. 

Rose's  Marbled  Bitterfly. 

Similar  h)  A.  olympia,  but  differs  in  being  smaller  and  in  having 

the  markings  of  lower  surface  of  hind  wings,  even  more  restricted  but 

at  the  same  time,  ratlicr  more  decided,  Fig.  12,  e.     Expands  l.L'O  to 

1.40.     Habitat,  ^Veste^u  Texas. 

4r,.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  AUSONIDES.  Bd. 
Larue  White  Marbled  Butterfly. 

Larger  than  A.  olympia,  but  of  the  same  form  and  general  color- 
ation, but  differs  in  having  the  dark  area  of  fore  wings  broken  by  three 
white  spots  in  the  male,  four  in  the  female,  and  three  divisions  of  mar- 
blings  on  hind  ving  below,  are  more  connected.  Fig.  14,  c.  The  black 
spct  at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore  wing,  is  repeated  below.  The  hind 
wings  of  female  are  tinged  with  yellowish.     Expands  1,50  to  1.00. 

Ha,bitat,  Colorado  to  California,  and  Arizona,  British  America,  and 
the  Youcon  River,  Alaska.     Occurs  in  IMarch  and  A[>ril. 

45a.  Anthocharis  alsonides  coloradensis  IL  Edw.  "Wings, 
rather  broader  than  in  typical  A.  ausonides,  and  the  markings  above 
are  darker,  while  below  the  marblings  are  more  extended. 

40.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  CETIIURA  Feld. 

Califorxian  Mauhled  Bitterfly. 

Size  and  form  of  A.  genutiu,  but  differs  in  having  the  orange  spot 
above,  resting  on  the  black  bar  on  the  end  of  the  central  cell,  and  the 
liack  spots  on  margin  enlarged  into  diamond  shaped  marks.  Fig.  14,  d; 
the  base  of  both  wings  is  dusky,  and  tiie  marblings  of  hind  wings  below 
are  divided  into  three  divisions,  but  these  arc  not  as  distinct  as  in  olym- 
pia, nor  are  the  markings  as  coarse.  Expands  1.40  to  L  jO.  Habitat, 
Southern  California.     Occurs  iii  March,  April,  and  May. 

47.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  .AIORRISONI    Edw. 
MoUiUsoN's  Marbled  B'-tterfly. 

Size  of  A.  cethura  and  of  similar  f)rm,  but  dihcrs  lU  having  the 
bar  at  end  of  central  cell,  a  little  narrower  and  of  the  same  width  tbi-ough- 
out,  and  the  orange  patch  at  apex  is  bordered  with  confluent  spots,  form- 
ing scallops.  Beneath,  the  apical  patch  i?  rather  deeper  orange,  and  is 
surmounted  with  pinkish.  The  marl)l:ngs  below  are  rather  more  de- 
cided, leaving  the  interspaces  clearer.  Expands  l.oO.  Habitat,  Kern 
River.  California. 


5 

'i'i 


i 


\ 


^ 


i.l  Vi 


ifi*! 


28 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTE'tFLIES. 


48.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  TIIOOSA  Scua 

Scudder's  Marbled  ButterflY: 

White,  with  large,  orange,  apical  patch  which  has  a  wide  black  bor- 
dering within  it.  extending  from  the  outer  to  upper  margin,  and  of  equal 
width  but  with  the  edges  roughened ;  outwardly  it  is  only  narrowly  bor- 
dered with  dusky.  Ilhul  wings  unmarked,  excepting  a  few  clusters  of 
dusky  scales  along  veins.  Beneath,  the  orange  patch  is  restricted  and 
yellowish,  and  the  hind  wings  are  marWcd,  much  as  in  A.  julia,  Fig. 
14,  f.     Expai  ds  1.25  to  1.40.     Habitat,  Utah  and  Arizona. 

41).    ANTIIOCIIARIS  SARA  Bd. 
Sara's  Maubled  Butterfly. 

Larger  tlian  A.  genutia,  with  the  angle  of  outer  border  of  fore  wings 
only  slightly  indicated.  Dift'crs  in  having  the  orange  at  apex  of  upjier 
side  of  fure  wing  of  male,  nearly  surrounded  by  a  black  border,  Fig.  1-!^ 
c,  and  the  orange  is  ueen  nn  ire  faintly  below  but  without  the  black.  The 
female  ha^  the  orange  on  both  surfaces  but  paler,  and  the  black  border 
is  represented  on  the  inside,  })y  a  bar  at  end  of  central  cell;  the  apex  is 
broken  by  three  or  four  yellow  spots.  Expand3  I.<i0to2.00.  Habitat, 
California.     Occurs  from  Ajjril  until  August. 

Reakjrtii  Edw.  is  the  winter  form,  that  has  the  black  bordering 
within  and  without  the  (jrange  on  apex  of  foi-e  wings,  vi'  male  above,  not 
only  deeper  in  shade,  but  also  much  broader.  The  outer  margin  of  the 
lower  wings  has  a  decided  border  of  spots,  instei'd  of  mere  in^  jcations, 
and  generally  the  marblings  of  lower  side  of  hind  wings,  are  coarser. 
The  female  difibrs  in  this  resjiect,  and  in  having  the  spot  at  end  of  cen- 
tral cell,  crossing  the  vein  and  reaching  upper  border.  Expands  l.oO 
to  1.(jO.     Habitat,  California.     Occurs  in  March,  April,  and  May. 

r,0.  ANTIIOCIIARIS  STELLA  Edw. 
Stella's  Marbled  Butterfly. 
Differs  from  A.  sura  in  having  the  ground  color  rather  brighter  or 
more  yellowish,  and  tiie  dark  line  below  orange  apical  patch  narrower 
and  broken  through  in  the  middle ;  this  does  not  quite  reach  the  upper 
border  of  the  w  'ug.  At  tip  of  wing  and  on  outer  marghi,  the  black  bor- 
dering is  narrow.  Hind  wings,  unmarked.  Beneath,  the  orange  is  nar- 
rower and  rather  more  widely  bordered  w'hh  dark.  Hind  wings,  quite 
finely  marljled  with  grayish  green.  Female,  with  ground  coit)r  deeper 
and  dark  markings  more  extended;  the  orange  i)atch  is  only  about  one 
half  as  wide  and  the  dark  band  bel')W  it  is  narrower,  with  a  series  of 


MOIITU  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


20 


yellow  spots  over  it.    Expands  about  1.40.    Habitat,  Nevada,  Califor- 
nia, Oregon,  and  Arizona. 

51.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  JULIA  Edw. 

Julia's  Marbled  Butterfly. 

Size  and  form  of  A.  genutia  but  is  very  closely  allied  to  sara  in 
coloration  and  differs  in  having  the  black  border  of  orange  i)atcli  on  fore 
■vving  above,  more  bruken  into  spots,  and  the  upper  border  of  this  wing 
is  more  finely  sprinkled  with  dusky  in  both  sexes,  Fig.  14,  f.  The  hind 
wings  of  buth  male  and  female  are  also  slightly  marbled  above,  and 
more  coarsely  marked  below.  Expands  1.40  to  1.50.  Habitat,  Col- 
orado, New  ^lexico,  Arizona,  and  Montana.    Occurs  in  June. 

Fig.  U. 


a  b  c  d  e  f  g 

lUiistr.itiii;:  the  {,'''">is  Antliocliaiis.  a,  Inwer  side,  hind  wins,  olympia;  b,  sanu;,  genutia; 
r,  same  aiis'iriiilcs;  d,  iiiipcr  sidu,  furo  wing,  cethura;e,  same,  sara;  f,  sanio,  Julia;  g,  antennae, 
(enlargei' )  genutia, 

o2.    ANTIIOCIIARIS  GENUTIA  Fab. 

Orange-spotted  Marbled  Butterfly. 

Plate  II,  1,  upper  side,  male. 

Male,  above  white  with  an  interrupted  margin  of  black  on  outer 
border  of  furc  wing,  and  a  patch  of  orange  at  apex.  There  is  a  dot  of 
black  at  the  end  of  central  cell,  and  some  dusky  sprinklings  on  the  up- 
per border,  while  the  hind  wings  are  faintly  marked  with  dusky.  Be- 
ufarh,  Ml'ite  with  the  d-jt  on  fore  wings  repeated.  The  apex  of  fore 
\v'ing  is  marbled  with  greenish,  but  is  witliout  the  orange,  and  the  hind 
•\ungs  are  marbled  with  greenisli  and  hlack.  Female,  similar  but  lacks 
th-'  0'  iinge  and  has  a  little  dusky  in  the  apex  of  fore  wings  above.  Ex- 
pands 1.50  to  1.80. 

Habitat,  New  York  to  Virginia,  Western  States,  and  Texas.  Rare 
in  Southern  New  England.  Occurs  in  Fel)ruary  and  March  in  Texas, 
and  further  north  in  April. 

5:1    ANTIIOCIIARIS  riMA  Edw. 
Arizona  Marbled  Butterfly. 
Lemon  yellow,  dusky  at  base  of  both  wings.     Orange  patch  on  fore 


7 


"i! 


80 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


:i1:i 


•I 


wings  small,  widely  bordered  outAvardly  with,  black  which  is  broken  by 
yellow  spots  aLng  outer  and  upper  margins  and  by  orange  scalings  along 
veins.  There  is  a  large,  rectangular  spot  at  end  of  central  cell,  within 
which  are  tAvo  orange  dashes.  Upper  border  of  wing,  coarsely  spotted, 
Fig.  IT),  a.  Hind  wings,  slightly  marbled.  Doneath,  the  s\)ot  at  end 
of  central  cell  is  repeated,  but  the  apex  of  wing  is  greenish  in  lines  along 
the  veins,  and  the  hind  wings  arc  marbled  with  greenish,  coarsely,  ex- 
cepting on  loAvcr  border,  and  the  marblings  have  clearly  cut  edges. 

Female,  similar  bu*:  with  the  dark  markings  more  extended.  Re- 
markable as  being  the  only  described  American  species,  in  which  both 
so.xes  are  yellow.  Expands,  1.70  to  1.7.n  Rare.  Habitat.  Arizona, 
Pima  County.    Occurs  in  April. 

C:  :  JS  VII.     CALLIDRYAS. 

CITRON  M^Al)  ORAxVGE  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  medium.  Colors,  yellow  or  orange,  without 
prominent  markings.  Antennae,  short,  gradually  enlarged 
on  the  terminal  third.  Wings,  rather  short  and  rounded, 
being  without  prominent  angles.  Abdomen,  not  project- 
ing beyond  lihid  wings.  Type,  C.  eubulk.     (Plati;  II,  2.) 

54.    CALLIDRYAS  EUBULE  Linn. 

Citron-colored  Butterfly. 

Male,  j'ellow  above  with  the  outer  border  of  both  wings  slightly 
lio'hter.  There  are  a  few  blackish  scales  at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore 
wing,  and  a  blackish  marginal  dot  at  the  end  of  each  vein.  Beneath 
decidedly  tinged  with  orange,  aid  the  bordering  points  are  more  dis- 
tinct and  connected  by  a  '^.arrow  rufous,  marginal  edging.  At  end  of 
central  cell  on  fore  wings,  are  two  brownish  spots,  the  upper  of  which 
is  a  mere  dot,  the  lower  larger,  and  enclosing  a  silvery  center,  overlaid 
with  reddish.  The  elongated  lower  portion  of  this  spot  is  cut  by  the 
closing  vein  of  tlie  central  cell  so  that  a  small  portion  of  the  spot  is  with- 
in the  cell.  At  end  of  central  cell  of  hind  wings,  l»ut  within  it,  is  a  brown 
rino-ed  silver  spot,  and  above  it,  but  ncM'or  tiie  outer  border,  is  either  a 
blackish  or  rufous  dot,  or  a  brown  silver-centered  spot  and  both  arc 
sometimes  absent.  Outside  the  spots,  on  both  whigs,  is  a  wavy  band 
more  or  less  distinct  of  reddish  brown,  and  an  indistinct  ])and  through 
spots,  and  some  dots  on  basal  half  of  wings. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


81 


Female,  brighter,  more  orange  above,  with  marginal  dots  on  fore 
■wings,  enlarged  and  connected  by  rosy  rufous  eilges,  as  are  the  smaller 
ones  on  the  hind  wings.  At  end  of  central  cell,  and  •without  it,  is  a 
small  brown  spot,  and  beneath  it,  without  and  within  the  cell,  is  a  brown- 
ringed,  orange  spot.  The  hind  wings  show  indications  of  the  spots  on 
end  of  central  cell  beneath.  Beneath,  there  is  a  cluster  of  narrowly 
brown-ringed,  silver  spots,  overlaid  witli  red,  at  end  of  central  cell  of 
fore  wing,  and  both  spots  on  hind  wings  are  always  silver-centered,  and 
a  distinct  bar  passes  outside  of  them.  The  rufous  bandings  are  more 
prominent  and  there  are  several  others  on  the  hind  wings.  An  exceed- 
ingly variable  species,  some  of  both  sexes  being  much  more  orange  tint- 
ed than  others,  with  bandings  exceedingly  variable,  and  sometimes  both 
sexes  are  sprinkled  beneath  with  rufous,     jixpands  from  2.CX)  to  2.7.'">. 

Habitat,  Southern  States,  north  to  Virginia,  Ohio,  and  Ills.,  casu- 
ally to  New  York  and  Rhode  Island,  and  also  Arizona  and  Southern 
California. 

r>5.  CALLIDRYAS  SENNAE  Linn. 

Yellow-green  Butterfly. 

!Male  differs  from  C.  eubule,  in  being  of  a  clearer,  more  greenish, 
yellow  on  both  surfaces,  but  more  especially  below.  There  are  no  black 
scales  at  end  of  central  cell  above  on  fore  wings,  and  little  or  no  in'^ica- 
tions  of  any  marginal  points.  There  is  usually  only  one  silver  spot  at 
end  of  central  cell  of  hind  wings ;  this  is  smaller  and  the  edging  is  pale 
rosy  rufous.  The  ruf  jus  bandings  are  mostly  absent,  or  at  best,  only 
faintly  indicated ;  but  the  most  positive  point  of  difference,  may  be  seen 
in  the  sjiot  at  end  of  central  cell  of  f  n-e  wings,  this  being  reduced  to  a 
rosy-rufcus,  oval  spot  lying  on  the  cross  vein,  compare  Fig.  15,  f,  upper 
with  ib.  f,  lower  The  female  is  dull,  orange  yellow  above  and  below, 
Avith  all  the  markings  rosy  rufms,  especially  noticeable  on  the  fore  wings 
above  andbelow,this  often  being  witliout  any  silver  center;  infact,  the 
silver  center,  when  present,  on  both  surfaces  is  so  strongly  overwashed 
with  rufous  as  to  be  nearly  obsolete.  The  positive  point  of  difference, 
however,  is  seen  in  this  spotting  below  at  end  of  central  cell  of  ^)re 
wing.  In  tliis  species,  the  spots  are  two  only,  that  is,  undivided  by  any 
decided  lines  or  edging,  compare  Fig.  15,  f,  lower,  eubule  with  ib.,  f, 
upitev,  sennae.     Expands,  2.00  to  2.75. 

Habitat,  Central  and  Southern  Florida,  and  Texas  and  Arizona. 
This  and  the  preceding  species  occur  from  March  to  November  in  Flor- 
ida. 


i 


w 


32 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


SSa.    Callidryas  sennae  orbis  Poev,    Differs  in  Ijeinf;  more  or 


ipii 


! 


I 


I 


-^  :  'i 


less  white,  but  this  form  is  confined  to  the  female. 
Florida. 


50 


Ilalntat,  Southern 


CALLIDRYAS  PIIILEA    Linn. 

Oran(!e  Spotted  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  C.  cubule,  but  differs  in  having  a  prominent  orange  bor- 
der to  the  hind  Aving,  and  in  the  male  in  a  patch  of  orange  on  fore  wing, 
and  the  female  has  a  marginal  row  of  brown  spots  on  both  wings.  Ex- 
pands o.OO  to  o.'2o.  Habitat,  casually  in  Texas,  Illinois,  and  Wiscon- 
sin. 


57 


Bd. 


CALLIDRYAS  AGARITIIE 

Large  Oranoe  Butterfly. 
A  little  larger  than  C.  cubule,  but  the  male  is  orange  above  and 
orange  tnited  below,  but  scarcely  more  so  than  in  heavily  marked  spec- 
imens of  eubule.  Female,  dull  orange  not  unlike  that  of  sennae,  but 
there  is  an  eliptical  spot  of  brown  in  the  end  of  the  central  cell  of  fore 
wings  without  a  light  centre,  and  the  margin  is  more  heavily  marked 
with  brownish.  >\vpaads  2.25  to  ;!.0().  Habitat,  Florida,  Texas,  Kan- 
sas, Arizona  and  occasionally  Nebraska. 

Fig.  15. 


f  g  b  c  d  e 

a,  foro  witivr,  upper  siilo,  Anthrosharis  plma:  b,  Bamo,  Kricogoiiia  fantasia;  c,  Ramr?,  Colias  eu- 
rydicii;  d,  same,  C.  cai^soiiia;  o,s:iiiio,  C,  nicadii;  f,  upper  flsiiro,  central  spot  of  foii'  wiii;j;,  male, 
Calli<lrya8  sennae;  luwerflguro,  same,  C.  eulmle;  y,  upper  fig.  same,  female,  Bennae:  lowei  ti;;,,  same 
female,  eubulu. 

GENUS  VIII. 

KRICOGONIA.     YELLOAV-WIIITE  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  niodiuiii,  Colors,  wliite,  Avliito  and  yellow,  or 
yellow,  with  no  very  prominent  d:irk  markings.  Anten- 
nae, short,  bent  like  a  l)ow,  with  the  cluh  enlarging  for 


■■H 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


33 


nearly  or  quite  the  terminal  half.  Wing8.  with  more  or 
less  prominent  angles  on  outer  margin,  especially  on  the 
front  pair.     Type,  K.  lyside.     ( Plate  IT,  3. ) 

oS.    KRICOGONIA  LYSIDE  Godt. 
Yellow  and  White  Bitterly. 

Above,  white,  green  tinted,  with  basal  third  of  fore,  and  extreme 
base  of  hind  wings,  ]ein(^n  yellow.  Apex  of  fore  wings,  yellowish-rufous, 
and  there  are  a  few  brown  scales  on  the  cross-vein  at  end  of  central  cell. 
Beneath,  similar,  but  paler.  Expands  1.70  to  2.00.  Habitat,  Indian 
River,  Florida,  and  Texas. 

Terissa  Luc.  is  the  summer  form,  the  above  described  being  the 
winter,  and  differs  in  having  a  black  bar  about  .15  long  on  the  upper 
margin  of  the  hind  wings  about  two  thirds  the  distance  from  the  base, 
and  the  brown  at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore  wing  is  more  prominent. 

5'J.  KRICOGONIA  FANTASIA  Butler. 
Butler's  Butterfly. 
Above,  grayish  white,  with  base  of  upper  border  soiled  sulphur  j-el- 
low,  with  the  apex  and  outer  border  of  ."ore  wing,  pale  brown,  widest 
at  apex  where  are  some  spots  of  white.  Fig.  15  b.  Beneath  also  white, 
and  there  is  a  patch  of  sulphur  yellow  in  the  central  cell  of  fore  wings. 
Expands  2.oO.    Habitat,  Texas. 


GENUS  IX. 

COLIAS.     BORDERED  Y^ELLOW  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  small  to  medium.  Colors,  usually  jellow,  occa- 
sionally orange,  and  rarely  whitish  or  greenish,  usually 
prominently  bordered  with  ])lack.  There  is  a  black  dot 
at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore  wing.  Fore  wings,  Ion""  and 
pointed,  often  produced  into  an  angle  at  apex.  Hind  win  ♦•■s, 
short  and  rounded.  Antennae,  about  one  half  as  long  as 
body,  with  the  clul)  occupying  one-fourth  of  the  terminal 
length.     Type,  C.  rinLODicE.     ( Plate  II,  4. ) 


ir 


34 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


:fl 


i 


111! 


lit 


j;:!l 


iM 


SiH 


III  lillil 


GO.    COLIAS  EURYDICE  Bd. 

Western  Do(i's  Head. 

Male,  above.  Fore  wings,  with  angle  of  outer  margin,  very  prom- 
inent; spot  at  end  of  central  cell,  black  with  an  opalescent  luster  and  the 
middle  of  Aving  occupied  by  a  patch  of  brilliant  orange  in  the  form  of  a 
dog's  head,  Fig.  l-"»,  c.  There  are  a  few  spots  of  pinkish  on  ui»per  mar- 
gin, and  a  few  of  lighter  on  outer,  all  near  apex.  Hind  wings,  orange, 
lighter  margined,  unspotted.  Beneath,  orange,  with  wings  edged  with 
rufous;  the  black  of  fore  wing  is  faintly  indicated,  and  the  central  spot 
is  white-centered.  On  the  hind  wings,  there  is  a  sub-marginal  line  of 
rufous  points,  and  in  the  center  of  wing,  a  double,  rufous,  silver-centered 
spot.  Female,  unlike  male  in  color,  but  of  similar  form.  Pale  yellow 
on  both  surfaces,  deepest  on  hind  wings,  with  a  brownish  central  spot 
on  both  wings,  which  is  darker  below.  Expands  from  li.oO  to  2.o0.  Hab- 
itat, California,  Arizona,  and  Oregon.     Occurs  from  May  to  August. 

(!()a.  CoLiAS  EURYDICE  AMORPiiAE  H.  Edw.  is  a  sub-species  differ- 
ing from  the  type  in  having  the  dog's  head  interspace  strongly  suffused 
with  purple.  Female  has  a  sub-marginal  band  of  dusky  on  fore  wings, 
^nd  a  brownish  central  spot.     Habitut,  California. 

GOb.  CoLiAS  EURYDICE  I3ERNARDIN0.  Smaller,  without  purplish 
suffusion,  but  with  a  narrow  black  border  on  hind  wings.  Expands 
2.25. 

Gl.  COLIAS  CAESONIA  Stoll. 
Yellow  Do(j's  Head. 
Color  of  C.  philodice,  but  differs  in  having  the  border  of  foi-e  wing 
wider,  a  border  to  the  wing  above,  and  the  base  dusky,  forming  a  strik- 
ing resemblance  to  a  dog's  head,  Fig.  l."),  d.  The  female  has  a  narrower 
border  to  hind  wings  than  the  male,  and  some  yellow  spottings  in  apex 
of  fore  wings.  Expands,  2.25  to  2.50.  Habitat,  Southern  State,  up 
the  INIississippi  Valley,  rarely  as  far  as  Minnesota,  and  from  Texas  to 
California.     Occurs  in  Florida  from  April  to  November. 

G2.    COLIAS  MEADII  Edw. 

Mead's  Bordered  Butterfly. 
Male;  apex  of  fore  wings  pointed  ;  bright  orange  above  with  opales- 
cent luster.  Both  wings  are  broadly  bordered  with  black  and  rose ;  the 
upper  and  lower  margins  of  hind  wings  arc  greenish  ;  the  central  spot 
on  hind  wings  is  only  slightly  indicated  by  a  few  blackish  scales.  Fig. 
15,  e.    Beneath,  greenish  with  basal  two-thirds  of  fore  wings,  excepting 


NOllTII   AMERICAN   I3LTTEUFLIES. 


35 


outer  margin,  orange.     The  central  spot  of  fore  wings  is  more  promi- 
nent, and  that  on  hind  is  green  centered. 

G;{.    COLIAS  IIECLA  Lef. 

Arctic  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Orange,  with  a  black  border  to  both  wings,  'J'here  is  a  small,  black 
central  spot  on  both  wings,  and  an  indistinct  one  with  a  pale  center  on 
hind.  Beneath,  greenish,  darkest  on  base  of  wings.  Female,  differs  in 
being  more  yellow,  with  wider  bordering,  and  inclosing  a  few  yellow  spots. 
The  central  spot  on  f  jre  wings  is  larger  and  the  whole  surface  of  Iiind 
wings  beneath,  is  overwashed  with  dusky,  but  there  is  a  sub-marginal 
row  of  almost  confluent  yellow  spots.  Expands  2.(50  to  1.75.  Habitat, 
Arctic  Regions,  from  Greenland  to  Behring  Straits. 

G4a.  CoLiAS  iiecI/A  hela  Str.,  darker  than  the  tpye  and  the  green- 
ish yellow  spots  on  lower  border  of  hind  wings  beneath,  are  absent. 
Habitat,  Hudson's  Bay. 


1  li 

niustrating  the  genus  Colias,  fore  win 


g 


lis,  male,  o,  same 
hind  wing  female 


,he  genus  Colias,  fore  wing,  upper  siile.  a,  boothii:!),  hartfordii;  d,  occidental 
fimialf!'.  f,  chippowa;  g  Christina:  h,  alcxandria:  i,  oiirythemeij,  central  spots  left 
!,  same  species;  c,  same  of  occidentalia, 

M.    COLIAS  BOOTHH  Curt. 
Curtis'  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Wings,  rounded  at  apex.  Fig.  Ki,  a.  Male,  greenish  yellow  with  a 
patch  of  orange  on  inner  two-thirds  of  all  but  upper  border  of  fore  wings. 
There  is, a  disthict  central  spot  on  fore  wings,  and  a  marginal  band  of 
black  si)ots.  Hind  wings,  with  a  marginal  row  of  five  spots  not  reach- 
ing lower  margin.  Central  spot,  orange  and  double.  Beneath,  similar. 
Female,  differs  in  having  a  broad  bordering  band  on  both  wings,  enclos- 
ing a  mw  of  balloon-shaiiod  spots.  Expands  1.80  to  2.10  Occurs  in 
Julv  and  August.    Habitat.  Arctic  America. 


t  :  il 


Til 


iii 


1 1 


86 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


I  1 


i  i 

<   .'il 

■ 

n  1 

I- 

! 

■ 

m 


m 


m 


04a.  COLIAS  BOOTiiir  ciiioxe  Curt,  is  smaller  than  typical  boothii 
with  marginal  bordering  a1)sent,  and  the  central  spot  on  fore  wing  orange. 
The  border  is  present  in  the  female,  but  is  not  as  inuch  extended. 

C.rj    COLIAS  EURYTIIEME  Ud. 

Oranck  Boudkkkd  JjUTTEULLY. 

Size  of  C.  philodice,  but  the  fore  wings  are  more  pointed,  black  bor- 
dering wider,  Fig.  IG,  i,  and  the  color  abn'c  deep  orange.  Beneath, 
rather  more  orange,  but  with  the  markings  the  same  as  in  philodice. 
Expands  2.;J()  to  2.50,  Habitat,  Western  States  t(j  the  Pacific,  British 
America;  rarely  in  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  occasionally  in  Mass.  and  the 
Middle  States.  Occurs  in  July,  August,  and  Se[)tember  and  is  the 
summer  form. 

Ariadne  Edw.  is  a  winter  form,  lemon  yellow  with  the  basal  por- 
tions of  the  wings  more  or  less  overwashed  with  orange,  sometimes  this 
being  confincil  to  the  fore  wings  only,  and  the  size  is  usually  smaller 
Occurs  from  February  to  July,  and  in  elevated  and  northern  sections, 
throughout  the  season.  Those  that  1  have  seen  taken  in  Mass,  have 
been  of  this  form.     Expands  from  l.oO  to  1.80. 

Kekwaydin  Edw.  is  a  winter  form,  dull  orange,  especially  on  upper 
surface.  Expands  l.GOto  2.00.  This  form  either  follows  ariadne  in 
April  and  May,  or  in  some  sections,  notably  Northern  Colorado  on  the 
mountains,  in  Oregon  and  Vancouver's  Island,  is  the  first  and  almost 
only  form  throughout  the  season;  in  other  localities,  kcewaydin  gives 
place  to  typical  eurythcme,  without  being  jyreceded  by  ariadne.  There 
are  albinos  in  every  form  and  numerous  intorgrades. 

(IG.  COLIAS  riTILODICE  Godt. 
Bordered  Yelloav  BrxTERi-LY 
Fore  wings  without  prominent  angle  on  outer  border.  Male,  sul- 
phury yellow  above,  with  both  wings  bonlcred  on  outer  margin  with  dull 
black  wliich  is  encroached  upon  only  slightly  by  yellow  along  the  veins. 
There  is  a  black,  yellow-centered  spot  at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore  wings, 
and  two  of  orange  on  center  of  hind  wings.  The  extreme  base  of  both 
wings  is  dusky  and  both  jjairs  arc  narrowly  bordered  withroscy.  Be- 
neath, the  ground  color  is  tinged  with  orange ;  the  black  border  is  absent, 
but  there  is  usually  a  more  or  less  distinct,  submarginal  band  of  points, 
rosy  on  hind  wings,  black  on  fore,  and  a  spot  of  rose  on  upper  border  of 
hind  wings,  where  the  central  spots  are  ringed  with  rufous  and  silver- 
centered.  Female  differs  in  having  the  bordering  wider  and  enclosing 
a  line  of  yellow  spots.    Ex])ands,  1.50  to  2.00.    Habitat,  Atlantic  States 


thii 
ige. 


3or- 
ith, 
ice. 
tish 
the 
the 

por- 
this 
Jler 
uns, 
lave 

)per 
e  in 
the 
(lost 
ives 
liere 


sul- 
dull 
^ins. 
ings, 
both 
Be- 
3ent, 
ints, 
or  of 
Iver- 
)sing 
tates 


'•'I 

HI      iii! 


M 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  IIL 

1.    Ileliconia  charitouia.        '2.    Danais  berenicc.        o.    Coiae- 
nis  Julia.        4.    Agraulis  vanillae. 


P  L  A  'I'  L     III 


w 


Xuitli  AniiTican  nuttHifliPi. 


C.  J.  M. 


1     !      !: 


I      I 


5j! 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


87 


excepting  pcrhnps  Florida,  Mississippi  VtiUey,  Ontario,  Quebec,  and 
^Nova  Scutia.    Occurs  from  early  May  until  late  in  October. 

G(ja.  CoLiAS  niiLODiCE  antiiyale  Hub.  is  smaller  in  size  than  the 
type,  with  the  black  bordering  narrow  and  the  markings  below  very  de- 
cided. Sometimes  the  central  spot  on  hind  wings  is  single.  Expands 
from  1.00  to  1.75.  Tliis  sub-species  I  have  taken  in  early  spring  in 
Mass. 

Albinic  Edw.  is  a  nearly  white  form,  confined  to  the  female  and 
usually  appears  in  autumn,  when  it  is  common. 

Melanig  Edw,  is  a  black,  or  partly  black,  form,  confined  to  the 
J  :ale  and  is  rare. 

Besides  these  forms,  the  species  is  subject  to  other  variations,  such 
as  being  orange  tinted,  (rare)  borderless  specimens,  also  rare,  and  many 
variations  in  the  size  of  the  central  wing  spot,  etc.,  etc. 

G7.    GOLIAS  IIAGENII  Edw. 
Hagen's  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Male,  size,  form,  markings  above  and  colors  below,  similar  to  those 
of  C.  eury theme,  but  the  orange  above  is  replaced  by  the  yellow  of  phi- 
lodice.  Female,  similar  to  that  of  eurythemc  but  with  the  bordering 
less  distinct,  and  the  orange  above  is  replaced  by  a  yellow  that  is  more 
ochreous  than  that  of  pliilodice.  Expands  from  1  .oO  to  2.0().  Habitat, 
from  Colorado  and  Utah  into  British  America.  Occurs  in  July  and 
August. 

G8.    COJJAS  ERIPHYLE  Edw. 

Orange-tinted  Butterfi.y. 

Form  and  size  of  C.  eurytheme,  and  the  markings  are  similar,  while 
the  colors  beneath  are  the  same,  but  the  color  above  is  that  of  philodice 
with  the  base  of  upper  border  orange  tinted,  and  the  bordering  is  very 
pale,  thickiy  dusted  with  yellow  scales.  Female,  with  bordering  pale 
but  present  on  both  wings.  Expands  1.70  to  2.U().  Habitat,  British. 
Columbia. 

GO.    COLIAS  HARFORDH  H.  Edw. 

Harford's  Bordered  Bi.tterely. 

Similar  in  form  and  size  to  the  keewaydiu  form  of  C.  eurytheme,  but 
differs  above  in  being  dull  lemon  yellow  without  any  orange  tinting,  and 
the  black  spot  at  end  of  central  cell  on  fore  wing,  is  smaller,  more  oval 
i.nd  light-centered,  Fig.  IG,  1),  and  the  uorder  is  pale  brown  in  color. 
E:q»ands  about  l.GO.    Habitat,  California. 


'^n 


! 


'    1 

H\ 


jiu 


I  jr 


38 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUEl-. 


70.    COLIAS  OCCIDENTALIS  Scud. 
Western  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Size  and  general  form  of  C.i:)hilodice  bet  differs  in  having  the  black 
border  on  ft)re  wing  of  male,  projected  more  to^vard  the  base,  and  is  not 
cut  at  all  by  the  yellow  veins ;  the  central  spot  on  fore  wing  is  barely 
indicated,  I'ig.  1(1,  d,  and  that  on  the  hind  wing  is  shigle ;  there  are  no 
sub-marginal  spots.  The  fe'uale  above  differs  even  more,  there  being 
no  bordering  whatever  on  the  hind  wings  and  very  little  on  the  fore, 
Fig.  10,  e.  Beneath,  the  ctilor  in  both  sexes  is  ye^v  pale  and  the  spot 
on  hind  wings  is  single,  while  that  on  the  fore  wing  is  barely  indicated. 
Expands,  2.00  to  2.40.  Habitat,  Fort  Simpson,  British  i^  nnorica,  and 
Vancouver's  Island.     Occurs  in  July. 

71.  CULIAS  CIIRYSOMELAS  II.  Edw. 
Golden  Bordered  Bitterfly. 
Similar  to  C.  occidencalis  but  differs  in  having  marginal  border 
wider,  it  being  equal  in  Avidth  on  liDth  wings,  and  always  cut  by  the 
yellow  veins.  Central  spot  on  fore  wings  only  slightly  indicated  and 
that  on  the  hind  wing  beneath  is  single.  The  female  has  a  more  decid- 
ed border  to  wings.  Expands  2.WJ  to  2..';o.  llabitat,  Northern  Cali- 
fornia. 

72.    COLIAS  CHRISTINA  Edw. 
Christine's  Bordered  Bi  tterfly. 

Allied  to  C.  eurytheme  but  male  differs  in  having  the  border  nar- 
rower, and  the  orange  confined  to  the  outer  half  of  the  intervening  space. 
The  central  si)ot  on  fore  wing  is  smaller,  and  that  on  hind  Aving  is  sin- 
gle on  both  surfaces.  The  female  is  greenish  yellow  above,  without 
markings,  excepting  the  single,  central  spot  on  both  pairs  of  wings.  Be- 
neath, hind  wings  greenisii,  fore  wings  yellow,  greenish  at  apex,  and 
slightly  orange  tinted  on  basal  third.  Expands  2.  K.)  to  2.50.  Habitat, 
Slave  River,  south.  Red  Deer  River,  and  Mount  Judith,  Montana.  Oc- 
curs in  July.     Fig.  Ki,  g,  fire  wing. 

72a.  CoLiAS  ciiiiisTiNA  ASTRAEA  Edw.  differs  from  typical  C.  Chris- 
tina in  having  the  Iwrdering  wider,  and  the  color  yellower,  being  only 
slightly  tinted  with  orange.     Habitat,  Yellowstone  Lake. 

73.    COLIAS  ALEXANDRIA  Edw, 
Alexandria  Bordered  Butterfly. 
Male  of  about  the  size  and  form  of  C.  philodice  but  differs  in  hav- 


,;!  I  i" 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


39 


ing  the  border  less  extended  along  the  upper  margin  of  fore  wing;  in 
the  central  spot  of  fore  wing  being  much  smaller,  Fig.  It),  h,  and  absent 
or  faintly  indicated  on  hind  wings.  Beneath,  very  pale,  the  hind  wings 
greenish  without  even  the  pinkish  tinge,  and  spot  in  central  cell  of  hind 
wing  is  single  and  only  faintly  indicated,  not  at  all  orange.  There  are 
no  sub-marginal  spots  on  either  wings.  The  female  is  pale  yellow  with- 
out bordering.  No  spot  in  central  cell  above,  otherwise  as  in  the  male. 
Expands  l.OOto 2.20.  Habitat,  Colorado,  Montana,  andBritish  America. 

74.    COLIAS  EDWARDSII  Beiir. 
Edward's  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Male  differs  from  C.  philodice,  in  the  narrower  border  to  wings, 
smaller  central  spot  on  fore  wings,  but  better  indicated  than  in  alexan- 
dria,  and  the  veins  are  not  cut  quite  to  the  margin.  There  is  no  indi- 
cation of  a  spot  on  hind  Avings  above,  but  there  is  one  below,  rufous- 
ringed.  There  are  no  sub-marginal  spots  on  either  wings.  The  female 
resembles  the  male  below ;  above  the  bordering  is  not  onl}  indicated  rath- 
er more  than  in  occidentalis,  but  is  of  a  different  pattern.  Fig.  1(!,  c. 
Expands,  2.10 to 2.;J0.  Habitat,  Nevada; Utah;  Owen's  Lake,  Southern 
California ;  ^It.  Hood,  Washington  Territory ;  Montana ;  Edmonton,  Brit- 
ish America. 


Fiir.  n 


a,  Colias  cilwiinlsii.  uiipcr  side  of  fnic  wing:  b,  Kiinii.'  iiitorior  (fciniile)  ;  il.  samo  iiclidiie:  e, 
Bamo  liclu'ii;  j,  saiiii!  nnstcs:  k,  scuililiTii;  c,  cent i  ill  I'ctl,  Idwcrpulo,  hind  win?;,  cdwiinlsii :  c,  sanio 
remalo  ititirior:  h,  Terlns  iiii'i|i;.",  Uirc  viua,  iiiniorsldo;  k,  same  T.jucunda;  f,  antennae  same  sjie- 
cies,  twice  life  size;  1,  siiine,  iiicip|ie. 

75.    COLIAS  EMHJA  Edw. 

Oregon  Bordered  Bitterfly. 

Similar  to  C.  alexandria,  but  differs  in  having  the  borders  of  wings 

narrower,  (cut  to  the  margin  by  yellow  veins )  not  extended  along  upper 

margin,  but  considerably  along  lower,  the  hind  wings  are  of  a  different 

form,  being  much  jtroduced  at  outer  angle  and  the  border  on  this  pair 


'11 


Mil 


m 


■  I, 


't  -v 


40 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTEUFLIES. 


does  not  reach  the  lower  margin.  Female  has  only  an  indication  of  a 
marginal  border,  and  that  is  on  the  fjre  Avings  only.  Expands,  l.UO. 
Habitat,  Oregon. 

7G.    COLIAS  INTERIOR  Scud. 

Bordered  Green  Butterfly. 

Male,  smaller  than  C.  philodice  with  the  black  bordering  mainly 
confined  to  the  upper  fi  )re  wings,  thus  not  reaching  lower  border.  There 
are  no  indications  of  the  sub-marginal  spottings  below,  but  the  central 
spots  of  hind  wings  are  double,  and  the  upper  border  of  fore,  and  entire 
surface  of  hind  wings,  sprinkled  plentifully  with  greenish.  The  border- 
ing on  the  female  is  confined  to  the  fore  wings  and  is  only  slightly  indi- 
cated. Fig.  17,  b.  Expands  1.(50  to  1 .70.  Habitat,  Cape  Breton  Island, 
Lower  St.  Lawrence,  Quebec,  Nii)egon  River,  and  accidental  at  Water- 
ville,  Maine. 

77.    COLIAS  SCUDDERII  Reak. 

Scudder's  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Male,  about  the  same  size  as  C.  philodice  but  differs  in  having  the 
black  border  less  extended  toward  the  base  on  upper  margin,  and  the 
voinings  cut  the  border  to  the  fringe.  The  central  spottings  on  fore 
wings  are  only  faintly  indicated,  Fig.  17,  k,  and  there  are  none  on  the 
hind  wing.  Beneath,  the  spots  on  fore  wings  are  better  indicated,  while 
those  on  the  hind  pair  are  rosy-ringed  and  silver-centered.  There  are 
no  sub-marginal  spots.  The  outer  margin  of  both  wings  are  bordered 
with  greenish,  as  well  as  the  basal  two-thirds  of  the  hind  wings,  and 
in  this  res])ect,  differs  frnm  alexandria.  the  male  of  which  is  very  pale, 
greenish  yellow  only  on  hind  wings.  Female,  with  the  bandings  barely 
indicated  on  fore  wings  only,  by  two  rows  of  faintly  defined  spots.  As  in 
most  species  of  the  genus,  female  albinos  occur,  of  a  pale  greenish  white. 
Expands  1 .80  to  2.(  K ).  Habitat,  Colorado,  Montana,  British  Columbia, 
and  British  America.     Occurs  in  July. 

78.    COLIAS  BELIDNE  Bd. 
Little  Borderki>  ]>utterfly. 

Male,  closely  resembles  C.  p.  anthyale,  especially  those  specimens 
having  a  single  centre  spot  on  hind  wings.  Differs,  however,  in  the 
almost  entire  absence  of  the  central  spot  of  fore  wings  above,  and  in 
the  absence  of  the  submarginal  row  of  spots  beneath,  and  the  outer 
border  of  wings  is  greenish.  Female,  white,  or  greenish  white,  above, 
wIkjIIv  without  markings ;  beneath,  similar  to  male,  but  lacks  the  green- 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


41 


ish  bordering,  and  the  fore  wings  are  paler.    Expands  1.50  to  1.70. 
Habitat,  Labrador  and  Ungava  Bay.    Occurs  in  July.    Fig.  17,  d. 

70.    COLIAS  PALAENO  Linn. 
Palaeno  Bordered  Butterfly. 
About  the  size  and  form  of  C.  interior  but  of  a  brighter  yellow  and 
with  a  narrower  bordering  to  the  wings.     1  cinale,  also  of  a  brighter  yel- 
low.   Habitat,  Labrador  and  Alaska. 

SO.    COLIAS  CHIPPEWA  Edw. 
Helen's  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Male,  similar  to  C.  p.  anthyale  in  size  and  ground  color,  but  differs 
in  having  the  border  much  wider  and  straighter  on  inside,  not  crossed 
by  yellow  veins,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  central  spot  of  fore  wings, 
this  being  merely  indicated.  Beneath,  this  spot  is  also  merely  indicated 
on  fore  wings,  and  on  the  hind  Avings  this  is  represented  by  a  border- 
less silver  spot,  otherwise  immaculate,  but  slightly  overwashed  with 
greenish.  Habitat,  Fort  Simpson,  St.  Michaels,  Alaska,  and  Kotzebue 
Sound.    Fig.  10,  f,  fore  wing. 

81.  COLIAS  NASTES  Bd. 
Green  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Male,  above,  greenish-yellow,  dusk  along  veins  pnd  on  a  rather  wide 
border  on  both  wings,  this  border  including  a  sub-marginal  row  of  green- 
ish spots.  The  central  spot  of  fore  wing  is  only  slightly  indicated,  Fig. 
17,  j.  Beneath,  similar  to  above  but  paler,  with  the  markings  less  dis- 
tinct ;  central  spot  on  fore  wings  encloses  a  white  center,  as  does  the 
rosy-ringed  one  on  hind  pair.  Female,  similar  but  with  dark  markings 
on  veins,  and  margin  more  extended.  Expands  l.oO  to  l.GO.  Habitat, 
Labrador  and  Ungava  Bay, 

82.  COLIAS  MOINA  Str. 
Strecker's  Bordered  Butterfly. 

Size  and  form  of  C.  nastcs,  sulphury  yellow,  tinged  with  greenish. 
Black  markings  as  in  nastes  but  rather  more  decided  and  the  central 
spot  on  fore  wing  is  larger  and  black.  There  is  a  row  of  dark  brown, 
marginal  spots  on  both  wings.  Bcnerth,  pale  greenish,  with  the  cen- 
tral spot  on  fore  wings  white-centered,  and  that  on  the  hind  wings  is 
partly  ringed  with  brown  and  reddish.  Female,  similar  but  little  paler 
above.    Habitat,  Hudson's  Bav. 


I: 


'!    '1 


42 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


|ii 


iiiii 


S3.  COLIAS  BEHRIl  Edw. 
Behr's  Bordered  Butterfly. 
Male,  dusky-green  with  a  distinct  black  border  to  both  wings ;  the 
central  spot  ;f  foi-e  wing  is  a  narrow  white  line  without  conspicuous  edg- 
ing, Fig.  17,  e,  and  that  of  hind  wing  is  a  round  dot.  Beneath,  similar 
but  paler.  Female,  with  the  dusky  markings  restricted  to  the  veins  as 
in  C.  nastes,  but  differs  in  having  the  border  without  greenish  spots,  and 
in  the  central  spottings  being  yellowish.  Expands  about  1.50.  Habi- 
tat, Mountains  of  the  Yo  Semite,  California. 

GENUS  X.     TERIAS. 
YELLOW  AND  ORANGE  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  small.  Colors,  yellowish-white,  yellow,  or  are 
orange,  conspicuously  bordered  with  black.  Central  dot  on 
fore  wings,  present  or  absent,  and  there  is  none  on  the  hind 
pair.  Fore  wings,  not  pointed  and  never  produced  into 
prominent  angles,  while  the  hind  wings  are  rarely  angled. 
Anteiniae,  short,  with  the  club  occupying  the  terminal 
fourth.     Type,  T.  lisa  ( Plate  II,  5. ) 

84.    TERIAS  NICIPPE  Cram. 
Bordered  Orange. 

Male,  above,  bright  orange  with  dash  at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore 
wings,  upper  margin  of  fore  wing,  and  outer  margin  of  both  pairs,  dull 
black ;  lower  margin  of  hind  wings,  yellow,  interrupting  the  black  bor- 
der Beneath,  yellow,  more  orange  on  fore  wings; both  pairs,  border- 
less, but  central  spot  of  fore  wings  is  repeated,  while  apex  of  fore,  and 
whole  surface  of  hind  wings,  are  marked  with  wavy  lines  and  dashes  of 
rufous  that  are  inclined  to  form  a  l)and  across  the  hind  pair.  Female, 
similar  but  paler,  and  the  rufous  bar  on  lower  side  of  hind  wings,  is  more 
prominent.  Expands,  1.70  to  2,10.  Habitat,  Penn.  to  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico. Mississippi  Valley.  Arizona.  California,  and  rarely  New  England. 
Occurs  in  Florida,  from  March  until  November.    Fig.  17,  b, 

85.    TERIAS  PROTERPIA  Fab, 

Orange  Terias, 

Differs  from  T,  nicippe  in  being  of  a  redder  orange,  in  having  the 

black  bordering  confined  to  the  a])Q\  of  fore  wings,  not  reaching  either 

base  or  lower  margin,  and  in  the  hind  wings  being  without  bordering. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


43 


The  outer  margin  is  much  angled,  as  in  T.  mexicana,  Fig.  18,  e.    IJab- 
itat,  Texas  and  Arizona. 

8G.    TERIAS  GUNDLACHIA  Poey. 

GUNDLACU'S  TeRIAS. 

Size  and  general  form  of  T.  proterpia;  orange  above,  with  a  b'oad 
black  border  to  upper  and  outer  margin  of  fore  wings.  Beneath,  pale 
orange  on  fore  wings  and  whitish  on  hind.  Habitat,  Cuba,  Texas,  and 
Arizona. 

87.  TERIAS  MEXICANA  Bd. 

Mexican  Terias. 

Outer  border  of  hind  wings,  produced  into  an  angle,  Fig.  18,  e.  Pale 
yellow  above,  deeper  on  upi>er  half  of  hind  wings.  There  is  a  b'.'oad, 
black  band  on  fore  wings,  encroached  upon  in  the  middle,  by  the  surface 
yellow,  Fig.  18,  f,  and  there  is  a  black  border  in  middle  of  outer  margin 
of  hind  wings.  Beneath,  also  pale  yellow,  palest  on  basal  two  thirds 
of  hind  wings  which  are  often  nearly  white.  The  only  prominent  mi?rk- 
ings  are,  a  central  spot  on  fore  wings,  and  a  brownish,  broken  bar,  ex- 
tending across  hind  wing,  above  the  angle.  Expands,  l.GO  to  1.90. 
Habitat,  ^Icxico,  Texas,  Arizona,  Southern  California  and  Texas,  also 
rarely  to  2s'ebraska,  Iowa,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  Ontario,  (Point  Pelee). 
Appears  to  be  extending  its  range  north  and  east. 

88.  TERIAS  DAMARIS  Feld. 

Broad  Bordered  Terias. 

Form  and  general  markings  of  T.  mexicana,  but  color  lemon  yellow 
with  a  broader  and  more  continuous  border  to  both  wings.  Paler  below 
with  the  hind  wings  more  or  less  spotted  with  rufous.  Expands,  1.25 
to  l.GO.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

89.    TERIAS  WESTWOODII  Bd. 

Westwood's  Terias. 

About  the  size  and  form  of  T.  nicippe.  Orange  above,  with  a  nar- 
row border  of  black  around  apex  and  along  outer  margin,  Fig.  18,  d. 
Beneath,  yellowish,  with  brownish  markings  on  hind  wings.  Habitat, 
West  Indies  and  Texas. 


44 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BlITTERFLIES. 


i« 


:!, 


•if 


1: 


00.    TERIAS  LISA  Bd-Lec. 

Little  Bordered  Yellow. 

Plate  II,  o. 

Sulphur  yellow  with  upper  margin  of  fore,  and  outer  margin  of 
both  pairs  of  wings  bordcrcil  with  black.  The  border  does  not  reach 
the  lower  margin  of  the  hind  wings,  and  not  always  the  lower  border  of 
the  fore,  and  is  less  extended  in  the  female  than  in  the  male,  often  being 
nearly  absent  on  the  hind  wings.  Spot  on  end  of  central  cell,  repre- 
sented by  a  narrow  transverse  dash.  Beneath,  the  border  is  absent,  and 
there  is  a  round,  rufous  spot  on  outer  margin  of  hind  wings,  near  upper 
edging,  while  the  apex  of  fore,  and  entire  surface  of  hind  wings,  are 
more  or  less  marked  with  short  bars  of  rufous  and  dusky,  that  in  some 
cases  are  inclined  to  form  bands.  There  is  a  yellowish  white  form  ( nev- 
er wholly  white)  seen  in  both  sexes,  with  markhigs  similar.  Expands, 
L05  to  L45.  Habitat,  from  Isles  of  Shoals  (rare)  through  Eastern 
Mass.  (not  common)  south  to  theGulf  of  Mexico;  also  Western  States, 
Arizona,  and  rarely  in  Hamilton,  Ontario.  Occurs  from  March  to  Nov- 
ember in  Elorida,  and  in  Mass.  in  July. 

Fig.  18. 


d  e  f 

niustratiii^  the  genus  Tcriiis.  a,  upper  siile  bind  wing,  obthoa;  c,  U[iiicr  Bide  foro  wing,  same 
Bpcciea:  I),  same,  delia:  d,  Bamc,  westwocdii:  f.  same,  iMoxicanaj  o,  hind  wing,  upper  eide,  same 
speciBB. 

IJl.    TERIAS  DELIA  Cram. 
B/Vnded  Yellow. 

Size  and  form  of  T.  lisn.  but  differs  in  being  paler  yellow  and  in 
having  a  black  band  along  lower  margin  of  fore  wings  above  a  narrow, 
orange  margin,  Fig.  18,  b,  this  band  being  more  indistinct  in  the  female 
where  the  orange  margin  is  absent.  Beneath,  paler,  with  the  rufous 
and  brownish  marKings,  but  the  round,  rufdus  spot  on  hind  wings  is  ab- 
sent. Expands,  1.10  to  l.oO.  Habitat,  Gulf  States.  Occurs  in  the 
summer. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


45 


92.    TERIAS  JUCUNDA  BiI-Lkc. 

Pale-banded  Yellow  Terias. 

Size  and  form  of  T.  delia,  and  the  markings  above  are  similar,  but 
differs  in  being  white  beneath,  overwashed  with  grayish,  without  prom- 
inent markings,  but  the  center  of  the  fore  wings  are  tinged  with  yellow. 
Expands,  1.25  to  1.45.  Habitat,  Gulf  States.  Occurs  from  March  to 
October. 

93.    TERIAS  ELATIIEA  Cram. 
Small  Banded  Terias 

General  coloration  of  T.  jucunda  but  differs  in  being  smaller,  in 
having  the  bordering  to  upper  margin  of  fore  wings  entirely  black,  not 
overwashed  with  yellowish,  and  in  the  black,  sub-marginal  band  of  low- 
er edge  being  narrower.  Fig.  18,  c,  while  the  hind  wings  are  white  on 
both  surfaces,  not  yellow  above,  and  the  bordering  is  more  continuous, 
instead  of  behig  broken  into  spots  toward  the  inner  angle.  Beneath, 
similar  to  jucunda.  Female,  with  markings  less  distinct.  Expands, 
1.10  to  1.25.  Habitat,  Cuba  and  other  West  Indies.  I  have  a  single 
specimen  in  my  collection,  that  1  took  at  Enterprise,  Florida,  in  May, 
18SG. 

Note.  For  description  of  a  species  of  Terias,  allied  to  lisa,  see 
Appendix. 

Family  II.    NYMPHALIDAE.    Field  Butterflies. 

Size,  large  or  medium.  Antennae,  straight,  with  tfie 
club  rounded  and  prominent,  never  hooked.  Eyes,  promi- 
nent. Central  cell  of  both  wings,  either  open,  or  closed 
by  a  slight  vein. 

Fore  legs  are  usually  incomplete.  Compare  Plate  1,  1, 
with  Plate  II,  2. 


GENUS  XT. 

HELICONIA.    VELVETY  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  medium.     Colors,  black,  conspicuously  marked 
with  yellows,  reds,  and  other  brilliant  tints.     Fore  wings. 


46 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


long  find  narrow,  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Hind  wings,  short 
and  oval.  Antennae,  nearly  as  long  as  l)ody.  Central 
cell,  closed.     Type,  H.  charitonia  ( Plate  III,  1 ). 

D4.    IIELICONIA  CHARITONIA  Linn. 
Yellow-banded  Butterfly. 

Above,  velvety  black,  with  six  bands  of  lemon  yellow,  three  to  each 
wing,  nearly  i»arallel  with  lower  margin  of  fore,  and  upper  margin  of 
hind,  wings ;  the  last  two  on  hind,  broken  into  spots.  Beneath,  paler, 
with  lower  row  of  spots  on  hind  wings  extending  around  outer  margin. 
On  lower  margin  of  hind  wings,  are  four  crimson-lake  spots,  and  an 
elongated  one  on  base  of  upper  margin  of  fore  wings.  Expands,  2.50 
to  4.00.  Habitat,  Tropical  America,  some  of  the  West  Indies,  and  Flor- 
ida, north  to  South  Carolina.    Occurs  in  Florida  throughout  the  year. 

GENUS  XII.     DANAIS.     VEINED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  large.  Colors,  reddish,  conspicuously  veined  with 
black  below,  and  spotted  with  white.  Wings,  large  and 
wide.  Antennae,  but  little  exceeding  one  half  the  length 
of  the  body.  Central  cell,  closed.  The  males  have  a  black 
tubercle  in  the  cell  below  the  central,  on  the  hind  wings. 
Type,  D.  Berenice.     (Plate  III,  2. ) 


95.    DANAIS  ARCIIIPPUS  Fab. 

Milk  Weed  Butterfly. 

Size,  large.  Color,  above,  reddish  yellow  with  both  wings  margined 
and  veined  with  black  -svhich  on  the  outer  margin,  contains  a  double  row 
of  Avhite  spots,  and  there  is  a  group  of  eight  or  nine  reddish  and  white 
spots  near  upper  margin  of  fore  wing,  Fig,  IJ),  b.  Beneath,  Naples  yel- 
low on  hind  wings  and  on  apex  of  fore,  but  the  remainder  of  the  latter 
is  reddish,  paler  than  above,  and  the  markings  on  both  are  repeated,  with 
the  white  sp(jttings  larger.  Sexual  spot  appears  only  on  the  upper  sur- 
face; body,  spotted  with  white.  Expands,  4.(XJ  to  4.40.  Habitat,  from 
British  America  and  Ontario,  southward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the 
West  Indies,  Occurs  in  Florida  throughout  the  year,  and  in  Mass.  in 
Julv  and  August. 


NOUTII  AMKRICAN  BUTTEIIFLIES. 


47 


1)G.    DANAIS  BERENICE  Cham. 

Maroon  Iji;tterfly. 

Plate  111,  2. 

Size,  medium.  Male,  above,  uniform  maroon  or  yellowish  chest- 
nut. Upper  margin  of  fore,  and  outer  margin  of  both,  wings,  bordered 
with  dull  black,  which  on  fore  wings  and  on  upper  portion  of  hind,  en- 
closes a  double  row  of  white  spots.  There  is  a  cluster  of  white  spots 
on  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  and  a  sub-marginal  row  of  white  spots. 
Beneath,  paler,  witu  the  markings  repeated,  and  the  hind  wings  are 
black  veined,  and  tliese  vemings  are  narrowly  edged  with  white,  while 
the  border  has  the  double  row  of  whi||  spots.  The  sexual  tuburcle  is 
seen  on  both  surfaces,  but  is  white-centered  belnv.  Female  does  not 
have  the  double  row  of  spots  quite  reach  the  lower  margin  of  fore  wing, 
and  is  represented  on  the  hind  wing,  by  a  single  dot  on  upper  margin. 
Body,  spotted  with  white.  Expands,  2.00  to  '2,Ho.  Habitat,  Southern 
States  to  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona. 

Fig.  19. 


a  b 

n,  Bircenna  jermima,  upper  side,    b,  Panais  archippus,  fore  wing,  lower  siUo ;  c,  same,  D.  Btri- 


gosa. 


97. 


DANAIS  STRIGOSA  Bates. 

Pallied  Maroon. 

Size  of  D.  berenice  and  the  general  markings  arc  the  same.  The 
fore  wings  are  a  little  more  pointed,  and  the  general  color  is  mucli  paler; 
the  spottings  on  border  of  hind  wings  are  continued  with  more  or  less 
distinctness,  the  entire  length  of  the  border.  Beneath,  very  pale,  maroon 
only  in  the  central  cell  of  fore  wings,  and  there  is  an  additional  white 
spot  in  the  end  of  this  cell,  and  another,  of  triangular  form,  l)etween  the 


n 


I    i 


ill 


48 


NOIITII  AMKIUCAN  BUTTKIIFLIKS. 


lower  and  middle  hranches  of  middle  vein,  near  the  central  cell,  Fij;.  10, 
c,  aTid  tiio  white  edgings  to  the  veinings  arc  more  conspicuous.  Expands, 
2.G0  to  2.7r».     Habitat,  Texas,  Arizona,  and  Southern  California. 

GPLNUS  XIII. 
DIRCENNA.     TIIIN-WINGED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  niediuin  to  large.  Colore,  dull  red,  more  or  less 
spotted  with  lighter.  Antennae,  more  than  two-thirds  the 
length  of  the  body.  Fore  wings,  longer  than  twice  the 
vld(h;lund  wings,  short;, and  both  are  rounded  at  apex 
and  are  triangular.  Body,  long,  projecting  considerably 
beyond  hind  wings.     See  Fig.  19,  a. 

OS.    DIRCENNA  KLUGII  Hub. 

IlUBNEIl'S  BlTTKUFLY. 

Form  of  D.  jermiraa,  Fig.  10,  a.  Reddish  brown  above,  darker  on 
apex  of  f<ire  wings,  and  spotted  with  lighter.  (For  fuller  description 
sec  Appendix.)     Habitat,  Mexico,  rare  in  Southern  Texas. 

GENUS  XIV.      COLAENIS.     RED  LONG-WINGS. 

Size,  medium  to  large.  Colors,  reddish  above,  bor- 
dered, and  often  banded,  but  not  very  conspicuously,  with 
black.  Clouded  below.  Antennae,  about  three-fourths  as 
long  as  body.  Fore  wings,  longer  than  twice  their  width, 
rounded  at  apex.  Hind  wings,  short,  wider  than  long,  and 
triangular.  Central  cell,  closed.  Body,  not  projecting'' 
beyond  hind  wing.     Tyi'k,  C.  julia.     (Plate  III,  -S. ) 

90.    COLAENIS  JULIA  Fab. 

Julia's  Butterfly. 
Size,  large.  Male,  above,  bright  reddish  orange,  whitish  on  -per 
fourth  of  hind  wings,  with  prominent  veins  on  fore  wings,  upper  muigin 
of  fore,  and  band  crossing  obli(|Ucly  from  upper  vein  to  outer  marsriu  of 
both  wings,  dull  black.  Within  the  bordering  of  hind  wings,  are  two 
rows  of  narrow,  reddish  sjtots.     Beneath,  much  paler,  clouded  with 


NORTH  AxMERICAN  BUTTEHFUES. 


49 


darker ;  there  is  a  narrow  sub-marginal  band  of  brownish  which  becomes 
most  cnnspicuous  in  elongated  spots  of  whitisli,  on  upper  and  lower  an- 
gles of  outer  margin  of  hind,  and  lower  angle  of  fore,  Avings,  and  enclo- 
ses elsewhere  a  reddish  line.  Tiiere  are  two  minute,  black-ringed,  white 
spots  at  base  of  hind  wings,  outside  of  which  is  a  small  triangular  spot 
of  reddish,  from  which,  to  the  outer  margin  of  the  wing,  runs  a  dusky 
band.  Female,  much  duller,  with  obli(iue,  ])lack  band  on  fore  wings, 
somewhat  incomplete,  but  the  borderings  are  wider.  Beneath,  the  cloud- 
ings assume  the  form  of  more  regular  patches  ;  the  marginal  band  is 
more  prominent;  and  the  basal  portion  of  upper  margin  of  fore,  and  a 
bordering  along  the  basal  half  of  tiie  band  on  hind  wings,  are  whitish. 
Expands,  JJ.lT)  to  o.oi).     Habitat,  Southern  Florida  and  Texas. 

KM).    COLAENIS  DELILA  Fab. 

West  Indian  Long-wing. 

Similar  in  size  and  form  to  C.  julia,  but  differs  in  being  of  a  yel- 
lowish o'-ange  color  above,  in  having  the  black  bordering  reduced  to  a 
narrow  fringe,  and  the  obli(iue  band  on  fore  wings,  is  represented  by  two 
spots.  Fig.  21,  d.  Beneath,  the  cloudings  are  broken  up  into  smaller 
patches.    Habitat,  Bahamas  and  other  West  Indies,  and  rarely,  Texaa. 


GENUS  XV. 

AGRAULIS.     RED  WINGS. 

Size,  medium.  Colors,  red  conspicuously  marked  with 
bliick  al)o\e,  and  spotted  below.  Antennae,  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  body.  F'ore  wings  a  little  wider  than 
one  half  their  length  ;  hind  wings  about  as  wide  as  long. 
Body,  not  reaching  to  the  extremity  of  the  hind  wings. 
Type,  A.  vanillae.     (  Plate  three,  4. ) 

101.    AGRAULIS  VANILLAE  Linn. 
Red  Silver-wing. 

Above,  rich  reddish-orange,  with  sub-marginal  band  of  spots  on 
fore  wings,  Avithin  which  are  three  spots ,  at  end  of  central  cell,  is  a  tri- 
angular spot,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  cell  are  two  spots,  and  all  three 
of  tlioso  cellular  spots  contain  a  dot  of  white.  Hind  wings,  with  a  mar- 
ginal bund  containing  a  row  of  reddish  spots,  while  inside  of  this  are 
three  spots,  all  these  markings  being  l)lack     Beneath,  on  fore  wing. 


I'm 


f  M 


fll 

|!| 

l:f 

■  'I 

:   i 

il 

fl 


•III 


M 


50 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


the  black  spots  in  central  cell  are  repeated  but  enlarged,  the-  other  spots 
in  the  middle  of  tiie  ^ving  are  also  repeated,  and  a  portion  of  those  on 
outer  margin.  Tlie  ground  color  is  not  as  bright  but  is  tinted  with 
crimson  lake  at  base  of  wings.  The  apex  of  fore,  and  whole  surface  of 
hhic)  wings,  yelluwish  brown,  spangled  with  numerous  black-ringed, 
silver  spots,  as  seen  in  Fig.  20.  There  are  crimson  points  at  the  base 
of  both  wings.  Female,  with  ground  color,  duller.  Expands,  2.75  to 
3.40.  Habitat,  Southern  States,  Ariz(jua,  and  Californa,  but  has  been 
taken  at  Coalburgh,  West  Virginia ;  Cape  May,ls^cw  Jersey;  and  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania. 

Fig.  20. 


rtgraulis  vnniUui.;  .'i,  I'lWfi-shli',  \<,  clirysali?,  Iron!,  i',  same  sulo,  d,  same  buck. 

GENUS  XVJ. 

ARGYNNIS.     SILVER-SPOTS. 

Size,  small  to  lanre.  Colors,  iisuallv  ()rano;e  or  red- 
dish  oraii<xe  al>ove,  conspicuously  spotted  and  l)andodwith 
black.  With  tlie  majority  of  species,  the  hind  "\vinsi;s  be- 
neath, are  conspicuously  s})otted  Avith  silver.  Wings,  large, 
not  pointed  nor  produced  into  prominent  angles.  Anten- 
nae, long,  exceeding  one-half  the  length  of  the  body,  and 
the  club  is  flat  and  enlarged  suddeidy,  occupying  only  a 
small  portion  of  the  tip  of  the  antennae.  Type,  A.  apiiro- 
DiTi:.     (  Plate  four,  1.) 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


r>i 


102.    ARGYNNIS  IDALIA  Drury. 
IIeoal  Silver  Winij. 

Size,  lar<50.  Sexes,  differently  marked.  iNIale,  fore  'tvings,  above 
reddish  orange  Avith  outer  marginal  border  undivided,  and  continuing 
around  upper  and  lower  margin.  ]\Iarkings,  as  in  type  but  not  ({uite 
,is  prominent.  Hind  Avings,  blue  black,  Avith  two  rows  of  spots,  the  in- 
ner bluish  white  and  the  outer  orange.  Central  spot,  black  with  base 
of  wing  Avithin  it,  reddish.  Fig,  21,  b.  Beneath,  red<lcr  on  fore  wings, 
with  markings  repeated;  additional  silver  spots  on  apex  and  on  a  sub- 
marginal  band.  Hind  wings,  more  yellowish  Avith  yclloAvish  silver  spots 
as  in  Fig.  21,  c.  Female,  differs  in  having  the  border  on  outer  margin 
of  fore  Avings  above,  Avider  and  enclosing  a  roAV  of  ycUoAvish  spots,  Avhile 
both  roAvs  of  spots  on  hind  Aving  are  yellowish.  Expands,  o.oO  to  o.SO. 
Habitat,  Maine  to  Nebraska,  south  to  Ncav  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania, 
also  Arkansas.     Occurs  from  July  to  Seiitember. 

AsiiTAROTH  Fish,  is  an  aberrant  form  Avith  only  one  roAv  of  spots 
above  on  hind  A'ings,  and  Avith  silver  spottings  beneath  much  extended. 

103.    ARGYNNIS  DIANA  Cram. 
Diana  Butterfly. 

Size,  large.  Sexes,  utterly  different  on  both  surfaces.  Male,  above 
velvety  broAvn,  with  outer  third  of  both  Avings  orange,  crossed  by  dark 
veinings,  and  containing  tAvo,  rather  faintly  indicated,  roAvs  of  spots,  Fig. 
21,  a.  Beneath,  i)ale  orange,  Avith  outer  third  of  fore  Avings  unmarked, 
and  Avith  the  inner  third  having  the  usual  markings  of  the  genus,  but 
somcAvhat  obscured  by  fusion,  especially  along  veins.  Hind  Avings, 
dusky  on  basal  tAvo-thirds,  Avith  three  or  four  faintly  indicated,  silver 
spots ;  a  band  of  elongated,  black  spots  crosses  the  Aving:and  there  is  a 
sub-marginal  roAV  of  black-ringed,  crescent-shaped,  silver  spots. 

Female,  blue  black  above,  Avith  throe  roAvs  of  bluish  spots  crossing 
outer  third  of  fore  Aving,  and  tAVo  on  hind,  the  outer  narroAv,  the  inner 
broad,  and  enclosing  a  roAv  of  l)lack  spots.  Beneath,  greenish  or  reddish 
broAvn,  tinged  A\ith  purplish  on  the  outer  third  of  fore  Avings  Avhich  are 
crossed  by  tAvo  roAVS  of  bluish  ^pots,  Avithin  Avhich  are  about  eight  blu- 
ish spots  arranged  in  a  rather  suffused  i)attern  of  black  markings,  as 
seen  in  the  male.  Hind  Avings,  Avith  tAvo  narrow,  black-edged,  Avhitish 
Hues.  Expands,  o.iloto  4.00.  Habitat,  West  Virginia  to  Georgia,  and 
from  Southern  Ohio  to  Illinois,  also  Kentucky,  Tenncsee  and  Arkan- 
sas.    Occurs  from  July  to  September. 


w 


^1  !    It 


52 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


1()4.    ARGYN^JIS  NOKOMIS  Edw. 

Ei>waiid's  Silver-spot. 

Size,  largo.  Sexes,  uttei'ly  different  above.  Male,  briglit  reddish 
orange,  witli  outer  border  brighter  than  in  typo,  divided,  and  the  pattern 
of  fore  wing  as  in  type,  -with  base  of  wing,  dusky.  Hind  Avings,  "with 
spottings  as  hi  Fig.  '2'o,  a,  the  third  row  of  spots  being  separate,  and 
basal  third  of  wing  dusky.  Ueneath,  ocherous  yellow,  crimson  lake  on 
lower  margin,  and  base  (.  '  fore  wing  marked  as  al)ove,  but  Avith  silver 
spottings  in  apex.  Hind  wings,  with  wide  space  between  first  and  sec- 
ond row  of  silver  spots,  the  latter  having  a  row  of  dusky  spots  outside 
them,  and  fewer  silver  spots  within,  about  seven.  Female,  yellowish 
above,  brownish  at  base  of  wings,  and  with  the  other  markings  of  the 
male  in  a  much  fused  and  enlarged  pattern.  Fore  v  '.igs,  tinged  with 
red.  Eeneatli,  similar  to  the  male.  Exjjands,  o.40  to  o.GO.  Habitat, 
Northern  Arizona  and  Southern  Utah. 

iOr,.    AUGYN2^1S  NITOCIIIS  Edw. 
Strecker's  Aruynnis. 

Sexes,  unlike.  Size,  large.  jNlale,  above,  reddish  orange  with  ba- 
sal half  of  wings  obscured  with  dusky,  Avith  the  usual  wing  pattern  of 
markings,  but  the  first  three  or  four  spots  in  outer  row  are  fused  and 
so  rest  on  the  outer  line.  The  hind  wings  are  marked  nmch  as  in  A. 
nokomis.  Beneath,  the  fore  wings  are  bright  cinnamon-red,  with  the 
aitex  ocherous  yellow,  and  a  brown  patch  within  the  line  of  crescentic 
spots  near  apex,  that  contain  three  silver  ^pots,  while  there  are  three  or 
or  four  silver  spots  in  the  first  lunules,  with  other  markings  repeated. 
Hind  wings,  bright  ferrugineous,  as  in  A.  aphrodite,  in  ground  color. 
First  row  if  silver  sj^jts.  narrower  than  in  aphrodite  and  edged  inwardly 
with  ferrugineous.  In  the  second  row,  the  seven  spots  are  rather  round; 
the  first,  second,  and  sixth,  are  about  diual  in  size:  third  and  fifth,  long 
oval :  seventh,  semi-lunate,  all  heavily  margined  w  ith  black  within.  In 
the  third  row,  the  first  and  thii-d  are  suIj  lunate,  ond  the  second,  round, 
eilged  with  black,  and  in  the  cell,  is  a  round  spot,  and  an  oval  one  Ixjlow 
it,  both  ringoil  with  black.  Expands,  o.on.  Habitat,  Southern  Arizo- 
na to  Nevada. 


10(5.    ARGYNNIS  LETO  J5i:iiu. 

DlSKY   SlI,Vi:R-WIN(i. 

Size,  form,  and  color  al)ove,  most  like  those  of  A.  cybele,  but  differs 
in  having  tiie  sub-marginal  row  ofcrescents  wider  on  upper  side  of  hind 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


53 


1'! 


wing,  and  the  third  row  of  spots,  nearly  all  fused  together,  Fig,  22,  a, 
and  one  in  cell  below  the  central  is  heart-shaped  and  larger.  Beneath, 
the  colors  are  darker  than  in  aphrodite,  the  apex  of  fore  wings,  and  all 
hut  ocherous,  suh-marginal  space  (which  is  as  clear  as  in  cybele)  on 
hind  wings,  are  overwashed  with  dusky.  The  silver  spots  of  outer  row 
are  small;  there  are  only  six  in  the  second  row,  the  three  upper  large, 
and  the  remainder  small,  while  within  these,  arc  only  six  basal ;  thus 
these  spottings  are  reduced  nearly,  or  quite,  to  the  minimum.  Sexes, 
strikingly  unlike.  Female,  dark  brown  on  basal  i)ortions  of  wings  above 
with  the  usual  markings  outside  of  this,  but  the  interspaces  are  ocher- 
ous yellow.  Beneath,  differs  from  the  male,  in  being  more  dusky  and 
in  having  the  silver  spottings  larger.  Expands,  2.0O  to  3.0<).  Habitat, 
California,  Oregon,  Washington  Territory,  Nevada,  and  Montana. 

Fig.  21. 


.0,  Argynnls  diana,  upiioi  Ride  liiiid  wiiitj:  b,  Banio  A.  idalia:  c,  Icwcr  Biilc  of  sanic ;  c,  apex,  fore 
wing,  lower  side  of  same:  f,  club  of  aiiteniiae,  ( enlar;,'fil )  same  siiocics  :  d,  furo  wing,  upper  side, 
Colaeuisdelila. 

107.    ARGYNNIS  CYBELE  Fab. 

Yellow-banded  Silveu-wixo. 

Size  of  A.  aphrodite,  or  averaging  a  little  larger,  with  the  sexes 
not  strikingly  dissimilar,  but  differs  in  having  the  basal  half  of  l)Oth 
wings,  dusky,  and  the  three  upper,  black  spots  of  the  third  row  on  hind 
wings,  are  fused  together,  while  to  these,  is  often  added,  the  fourth. 

Beneath,  there  is  no  cinnamon  red  on  the  base  of  fore  wings;  the 
basal  portion  of  the  hind  wings  is  paler;  and  the  ferrugineous  does  not 
encroach  upon  tiie  ocherous  yellow,  between  the  iirst  and  second  outer 
rows  of  silver  spots.  Expands,  2.75  to  ;>.:!.■■».  IIal)ltat,  Atlantic  States, 
and  throughout  the  West  to  Nebraska,  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Fort  Ed- 
monton, British  America.     Occurs  in  Julv  and  August. 


ill      ^ 


54 


NORTH  AMBRICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


\  if ' 


i  ri  * 


,>;''« 


pi 


iir 


107a.  Aroynxis  cybele  carpenterii  Edw.  Differs  from  typical 
cybele  in  being  smaller,  darker  incoloratiou  above,  and  rather  brighter 
below.  Expands,  1.25  to  l.GO.  Habitat,  Taos  Peak,  New  Mexico,  and 
Montana,  and  Nebraska. 

108.    ARGYNNIS  APHRODITE  Fab. 

Dark  Silver-wing. 

Plate  IV,  1. 

Size,  large.  Sexes,  not  essentially  different.  Above,  reddish  orange 
which  is  brightest  on  fore  wings,  with  the  base  of  wings  but  little  dusky. 
Fore  wings,  not  heavily  marked ;  crescents  on  hind,  not  wide ;  and  none 
of  the  spots  in  thii'd  row  are  fused  together,  while  the  two  upper  are 
placed  farther  from  the  margin  than  in  A.  cybele.  All  of  the  basal  spots 
are  clearly  defined,  not  obscured  by  dusky  surr<jundings.  Beneath,  us- 
ually the  ferrugineous  of  hind  wing,  is  brighter  than  in  cybele,  and  this 
encroaches,  more  or  less,  upon  the  sul>marginal  interspace,  between  the 
outer  and  second  row  of  silver  spots,  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  wing. 
Silver  spots,  twenty-five  or  more.  Markings  below  m  this  species,  as 
in  nearly  all  members  of  the  genus,  are  variable  and  cannot  absolutely 
be  relied  upon;  thus  the  markings  above  on  the  hind  wings,  present  the 
most  positive  points  by  which  the  majority  (if  the  si)ecies  can  be  identi- 
fied. Expands,  2.7r)  to  o.2-j.  Habitat,  Northern,  Middle,  and  Western 
States,  south  to  Teimesce,  west  to  Nebraska,  Montana,  and  Kansas, 
north  to  Ontario,  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Fort  Edmonton,  British 
America.  Flies  with  A.  cybele  in  New  England,  and  northward  in  June 
and  July;  further  south,  is  two  brooded,  occurring  in  June  and  Septem- 
ber. 

lOi).    ARGYNNIS  ALCESTRIS  Edw. 

FERRlfilNEOUS   SrLVER-WrN(}. 

Size  and  general  coloration  of  A.  aphrodite,  but  differs  in  having 
the  dusky  at  base  of  ])oth  wings  above,  not  as  extended,  an  additional 
round,  black  spot  within  the  usual  markings  on.  hind  wings,  and  the 
entire  a1)sence  of  any  clear  ocherous,  sub-marginal  border.  Expands, 
2.00  to  o.OO.    Habitat,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Montana,  and  Colorado. 

110.    ARGYNNIS  CYPRIS  Edw. 

Cypris  Silver-si'ot. 

Similar  to  aphrodite  but  with  form  of  nausicaa,  and  the  cdors  are 

about  as  bright,  but  the  markings  are  even  heavier,  and  the  second  spot 

on  third  row  of  hind  wings  above,  is  not  as  largo.     Beneath,  the  buff 


NORTH  AMERICAN   BUTTERFLIES. 


55 


although  rather  more  extended  on  hind  wing,  is  overwashed  with  dusky. 
Expands  2.75  to  3.00.    Habitat,  iVrizona. 

111.    ARGYNNIS  NAUSICAA  Edw. 

Arizona  Silver-spot. 

Similar  to  ai)hrodite,  but  differs  in  being  brighter  in  color,  in  hav- 
ing fore  wings  more  pointed,  and  in  averaging  heavier  markings  above, 
the  second  spot  in  third  row,  on  hind  wing,  being  extended  inward  and 
fused  with  that  of  the  fourth  row.  Fig.  22,  b.  Beneath,  very  bright  on 
basal  portion  of  fore  wing,  but  there  is  less  rusty  red  on  hind  wing,  the 
interspace  being  comparatively  clear,  and  the  buff  under  coloring  is  also 
visable  between  other  spots.     Expands,  2.50.     Habitat,  Arizona. 

112.    ARGYNNIS  LAIS  Edw. 

Lais  Silver-\vin(j. 

Smaller  than  A.  aphrodite,  but  with  the  spots  on  hind  wings  above, 
even  more  isolated.  Beneath,  the  color  of  the  sub-marginal  band  is 
clearer  yellow.  Expands  about  2.00.  Llabitat,  Fort  Edmonton,  Brit- 
ish America. 

li;J.    AllGYNMS  ATLANTIS  Edw. 
Mountain  Silver-wing. 

Smaller  than  A.  aphrodite,  of  the  same  color  above,  but  differs  in 
having  the  upper  half  of  marginal  band  of  both  wings  undivided,  Fig. 
22,  c,  and  in  having  the  third  row  of  spots  mostly  fused,  as  in  cybele. 
Fig.  22,  b.  Basal  portions  of  wings,  dusky.  Beneath,  the  ground  col- 
or of  hind  wings  is  much  more  dusky,  showing  little  ferrugineous.. 

Expands,  2.40  to  2.()5.  Habitat,  Northern  New  England,  New 
York,  Iowa,  Ontario,  Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  Newfoundland,  and  Brit 
ish  America.     Occurs  late  in  July  and  August. 


i'  ill 


I  '1 


r 


114.    ARGYNNIS  ELECTA  Edw. 
Electa  Silver-spot. 
Form .  and  general  color  of  atlantis,  but  paler,  markings  slighter, 
bordering  divided,  and  with  fewer  silver  spots  beneath.    Expands,  2.10 
to  2.40.     Habitat,  Colorada,  Montana,  and  Los  Vegas,  New  Mexico. 


^re 
lot 
luff 


11 


J. 


ARGYNNIS  COLUMBIA   H.  Edw. 

Columbian  Silver-winis. 
Very  similar  to  atlantis  but  somewhat  resembles  hesperis  below. 
Habitat,  Lakes  Laiiache  and  Quesnelle,  British  Columbia. 


56 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


'ii  l>\. 


'■ !. '!    -» 


116.  ARGYNNIS  IIESPERIS  Edw. 

Hesperian  Silver-wing. 
Size  and  general  coloration  of  A.  atlantis  above,  but  differs  beneath 
on  hind  wing,  in  having  the  ground  color  more  rusty ;  the  spots  fewer, 
less  than  twenty-four,  Fig.  2o,  b,and  buff,  not  silver.    Expands,  l2.;>0  to 
2.40.    Habitat,  Colorado,  Utah,  and  Montana. 

117.  ARGYNNIS IIIPPOLYTA  Edw. 

Oregon  Silver-wing. 

Quite  similar  to  egleis,  but  differs  in  having  the  markings  above 
heavier ;  beneatli  tlie  wings  are  rusty  red,  leaving  only  a  very  narrow 
sub-marginal  mterspace.     Expands,  2.00  to  2.2o.     Habitat,  Oregon. 


^^^ 


a 

lUiistiatinj,'  tlio  gcnim  Aru'viiiiis.     Uinii'i-  side  liitid  winss :  a,  loto;  li,  cyboli;;  c,  atlantis:  d, 
nausiciia. 

118.    ARGYNNIS  BREMNERII  Edw. 
Bremner's  Butterfly. 

Size,  smaller  than  A.  cybelo,  but  of  about  the  same  color  and  gen- 
eral heavy  markings  above,  the  sub-marginal  crescents  on  hind  w  ings, 
however,  being  larger,  Fig.  2-">,  c,  and  the  spots  in  the  third  row  are 
fused  their  entire  length.  Beneath,  the  colors  are  more  those  of  atlan- 
tis but  with  the  ground  color  more  rusty,  and  the  silver  spots  within  the 
second  row  arc  fewer,  eight,  not  ten,  and  seven  in  first  and  second  rows. 
Expands,  2.00  to  2.70.  Habitat,  Britisli  Columbia  and  Washington 
Territory.     Occurs  in  July  and  August. 

11!).    ARGYNNIS  ZERENE  Bd. 

California  Buff-win(j. 
Size  of  A.  atlantis  but  resembles  hesperis,  and  differs  in  having  the 
third  row  of  black  spots  on  hind  w  lags  above,  more  continuously  fused 
and  wider,  Fig.  2;j,  d,  with  the  markings  on  fore  wings,  heavier.     Be- 
neath, tiie  buff  spottings  on  hind  wing  are  larger,  on  the  second  row  and 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


1 


!i!: 


basal  portion  of  the  wing,  and  on  the  latter  portion,  there  are  ten  instead 
of  seven,  with  a  pinkish  tinge  to  the  buff  interspace.  Expands,  2.10  to 
2.40.    Habitat,  California  and  Nevada. 

120.    ARGYNNIS  MONTICOLA  Beiir. 
Moi'NTAiN  Buff-wing. 

Similar  to  A.  zerene,  but  differs  in  hnving  rather  less  cinnamon 
red  on  base  of  fore  wing  below,  in  being  rather  more  rusty  red  on  hind 
wings,  and  in  having  the  clear  interspaces  strongly  tinged  with  pinkish. 
Buff  spottings  as  in  zerene,  Fig.  2o,  e.  Habitat,  Mountains  of  Califor- 
nia, Nevada,  Montana,  and  Summit,  British  America.  Occurs  in  June 
and  July. 

llOa.  Argynnis  monticola  purpurascens  H.  Edw.  Like  the 
type,  but  differs  in  being  smaller,  in  having  heavier  markings  above, 
and  with  a  decided  purplish  overwashing  on  the  entire  lower  surface. 

121.     ARGYNNIS  RHODOPE  Edw. 

Wood  Silver-wino. 

About  the  size  of  A.  monticola  but  more  heavily  marked  above, 
especially  on  hind  wings.  Beneath,  the  fore  wings  are  deep,  rusty  red 
basally,  and  the  hind  wings  are  heavily  washed  wit.:  *,he  same  color,  with 
little  or  no  pale  interspace,  and  this  is  never  wholly  clear.  Spottings, 
smaller,  especially  the  outer  row  of  crescents.  Fig.  24,  a,  and  all  are  sil- 
vered, excepting  the  second  row,  and  in  the  female,  these  being  buff. 
Expands,  2.20  to  2.40.    Habitat,  British  Columbia. 

122.  ARGYNNIS  BEHRENSII  Edw. 
Beiiren's  Silver-wing. 
About  the  same  size  as  A.  hesperis,  paler,  but  the  markings  above 
are  similar,  while  the  spottings  are  of  the  same  number ;  form,  and  color 
of  fore  wings  below,  also  similar,  but  the  spots  are  silvered,  and  the 
ground  color  of  hind  wings  is  dark  rusty  red,  as  in  rliodopo.  but  there 
is  a  more  or  less  clear  interspace.  Fig.  2."),  b.  Expands,  2.20  to  2.40. 
Habitati  Mendocino,  California. 

123.    ARGYNNIS  IIALCYONE  Edw. 
Velie's  Butterfly. 
A  little  larger  than  A.  behrensii,  with  about  the  same  ground  col- 
or, but  the  markings  above  are  heavier,  the  under  surface  of  the  fore 
wing  is  paler,  Avhile  the  rusty  of  the  hind  wing,  is  about  as  deep  in  shade; 


^1 


58 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTKRFLIEg, 


there  are  more  clear  spq,ces,  and  the  silver  spots  are  larger,  Fig,  25,  b. 
Expands,  2.50.    Habitat,  Colorado  and  Wyoming. 

124.  ARGYNNIS  CORONIS  Behr. 

Pallid  Silver-wing. 

Size  and  color  of  A.  aphrodite  and  the  markings  above  are  similar, 
but  are  even  more  isolated  on  the  hind  wing,  Fig,  25,  a.  Beneath,  while 
the  oiimamon  red  is  quite  bright,  the  rusty  is  represented  only,  by  a  pale 
washing,  and  the  silver  spots  of  marginal  row  on  hind  wings,  are  not  as 
triangular.  Habitat,  Southern  California;  Shasta,  California;  Utah; 
Washington  Territory;  Montana;  Belly  River,  and  Crow's  Nest,  Brit- 
ish America. 

125.  ARGYNNIS  CHITONE  Edw. 

CiiiTONE  Butterfly. 

Size  of  egleis  but  differs  in  being  paler  above,  the  rusty  red  of  hind 
wings  below  is  paler,  the  sub-marginal  interspace  is  clear,  and  although 
there  are  no  silver  spotting  on  fore  wings  below,  those  of  the  hind  wings 
are  slightly  silvered.  Expands,  2,25  to  2  50  Habitat,  Utah,  Arizona, 
and  California. 

126.  ARGYNNIS  CALLIPPE  Bd. 

California  Silver-wing. 
Size  of  atlantis,  with  black  marginal  line  nearly  undivided,  and  the 
whole  upper  surface  much  obscured  with  dusky ;  there  is  a  band  of  light 
spots  crossing  both  wings,  especially  noticeable  on  the  hind,  Fig.  25,  d. 
The  colors  beneath  are  paler,  there  being  no  reddish  on  base  of  fore 
wings,  thus  the  clear  spots  are  more  extended,  and  the  silver  spots  on 
hind  wings  are  larger.  Expands,  2.00  to  8.00.  Habitat,  California. 
Occurs  in  June. 

127.    ARGYNNIS  NEVADENSIS  Edw. 
Nevada  Green-wing. 

Wings,  long  and  narrow,  especially  hhid  ones.  Rather  pale  yellow- 
ish red  above.  Spots  of  third  row  on  hind  whigs,  fused  together,  and 
the  one  in  the  central  cell  is  placed  much  nearer  the  margin  than  usual, 
in  fact,  displacing  the  sjwt  in  the  second  row,  which  is  very  small.  Spot 
within  these,  in  central  cell,  shaped  like  an  inverted  C,  and  within  this 
are  two  small  dots,  Fig.  2-1-,  c.  Base  of  wings,  barely  tinged  with  dusky. 
Beneath,  base  of  fore  wings  and  along  ve.'ns,  cinnamon,  while  the  tip  of 
these  and  hind  wings,  are  mottled  witli  grocnisli,  usually  surrounding  the 


i 


fl 


. 


XPLANAno:^  OF  FIGVRES  ON  PLATE  IV, 


EXPL 


•1/ 


.      v..         -T     Eupt^eta  Claudia. 
1.     Avgynnis  aphvodi  e         -•  Eresia  fri^ia. 

1     .HT,         4     riiyciodes  tharos.        <J- 
taea  pliaeton.        *.    -^   ^ 


Meli- 


PLATE    IV, 


■>  ■! 


4 


in 


North  American  Butterflies. 


C.  J,  M. 


I  < 


i.a 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


69 


silver  spots  wliich  are  about  twenty-four ;  seven  m  first  row,  seven  in  tlie 
second,  four  in  tlurd  (lur<^c),  and  five  or  six  basal.  Expands,  '2.-0  to 
2.80.    Ilabittxt,  Kevada,  Utah,  and  Montana. 

127a.  Aruynnlsnhvadkxsls  mk.vdii  lubv.  Smaller  than  typical 
nevadensis,  rather  brighter  in  color,  Avith  the  green  beneath  brighter  and 
extended  on  to  the  margin  of  both  wrngs.  Expands,  2.20,  Habitat, 
Colorado  and  Montana. 

128.    AIIGYNNIS  EDWARDSII  Reak. 

Euward'.s  Green-wing. 
Larger  than  A.  nevadensis,  brigliter  in  color  above,  with  the  third 
roAV  of  spots  on  hind  wings  ab^ve,  not  all  fused,  and  the  sjwt  in  central 
cell  of  second  row  is  large.  Fig.  2o,  c.  Beneath,  the  green  is  extended 
over  the  entire  surface  of  the  hind  wings.  Female,  much  obscured  with 
dusky  above.  Expamls,  2.80  to  3.00.  Habitat,  Colorado,  Montana, 
and  the  Blackfoot  Reserve,  British  America. 


11 


a  b  c  e 

Illustrating  the  genus  Argynnis.  a,  upper  side  hind  wing,  noliomi9:b,  same,  hespcris;  b  b, 
lower  side  same  wing,  same  species;  cupper  side  same,  bremnerii ;  d,  same  zorcno:  e,  Iowit  side 
same  Wing,  monticola,  f,  antennae  (enlarged)  same  species;  g,  apex  fore  wing,  upper  siiie;  ailantis. 

129.  ARGYNNIS  LILIAN  A  II.  Edw. 
Lilia's  Silver-wixg. 
Size,  form,  and  general  coloration  of  A.  atlantis,  but  differs  in  being 
much  less  heavily  marked  above,  Avith  divided  border  line,  and  having 
a  distinct  inverted  C  in  central  cell  of  hind  wing  above,  Fig  24,  d.  Be- 
neath, on  fore  wings  buff,  more  entended,  encroaching  upon  central  cell 
and  extending  along  veins  on  lower  margin ;  sub-marginal  interspace  on 
hind  wing,  clear.  Silver  spots  are  larger.  Expands,  2.20  to  2  2.">.  Hab- 
itat, California  and  Utah.    Occurs  in  July  and  August. 


60 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


i.i 


I)  i 


II 


^  !i 


Baronii  Edw.  is  an  aberrant  form  with  marginal  lines  heavy  and 
with  some  of  the  spots  fused  into  bands,  a  peculiarity  that  I  have  seen 
assumed  by  other  members  of  the  genus. 

130.    ARGYNNIS  RUPESTRIS  Behr. 
Beiir's  Buff-aving. 

Smaller  than  A.  zerene  but  about  the  same  color  above;  differs  in 
being  more  heavily  marked,  with  the  spot  in  central  cell,  in  third  row, 
placed  nearer  the  outer  margin  of  the  wing,  Fig.  20,  a.  Beneath,  bright- 
er red  on  the  base  of  fore  wings,  and  the  outer  sub-marginal  row  of  six)ts 
are  partly  silvered,  the  remainder  being  wholly  buff.  Expands,  2.10  to 
2.oO.  Habitat,  California ;  Mt.  Shasta,  Mt.  Bradle  v,  and  Weber  Mount- 
ains, Utah. 

loOa.  Ar(}YNNis  RUPESTRIS  IRENE  Edw.  Differs  from  the  type, 
rupestris,  in  being  darker  in  color  above,  with  the  spots  below  on  hind 
wing  larger,  with  the  sub-marginal  band  narrower, 

131.    ARGVN^sTS  LAURA  Edw. 

Laura's  Silvep-wing. 

Size  and  form  of  A.  altantis,  markings  above  nearly  as  heavy,  but 
beneath,  the  colors  are  ratl)er  more  red  than  even  in  liliana,  and  the 
sub-marginal  interspace  is  ])roportionately  as  large  as  in  cybeleand  as 
clear,  but  the  silver  spots  are  small  as  in  atlantis.  Expands  2.20  to  2.25. 
Habitat,  California  and  Nevada. 

132.    ARGYNNIS  MACARIA  Edw. 

^LvcARiA  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  coronis,  Imt  smaller,  Ijrightor  above,  witli  the  markings 
heavier,  the  crescents  and  inner  border  line  of  hind  \vin<f.  bcinir  con- 
nected,  and  in  the  third  row  the  spots  are  continuous,  Fig.  20,  b,  Be- 
neath, about  as  pale  as  in  nevadensis,  with  very  little  red  on])r"al  por- 
tion of  fore  wings.  Expands,  2.25  to  2.50.  Habitat,  California  and 
Nevada. 

132.    ARGYNNIS  INORNATA  Edw. 
Plain  Biit-win(;. 

Similar  to  A.  rui)estris  in  general  markings,  but  differs  in  being 
paler,  especially  the  female,  in  having  the  black  Iwrdering  nearly  undi- 
vided, mucli  as  in  atlantis,  and  the  spottings  on  hind  wings  are  not  as 
heavy.  Fig.  2(1.  c.  .  Beneath,  the  red  atba^seof  fore  wings  and  on  outer 


NORTH  AAIEllICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


61 


hind  wings,  is  obscured  with  dusky,  but  as  in  rupestris,  the  buff,  sub- 
marginal  interspace  is  clear,  and  the  outer,  marghial  row  of  spots  is 
slightly  silvered.  Expands,  2.50  to  2.70.  Habitat,  California  and  Ne- 
vada. 

133.    ARGYNNIS  SEMIRAMIS  Edw. 

Semikamis  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  coronis  but  diflfers  in  being  more  lightly  marked  above, 
all  of  the  spots  on  hind  wings  above  being  Avidcly  isolated,  Fig.  2(5,  d. 
Beneath,  the  colors  are  paler  and  the  spottings  smaller.  Expands,  2.20 
to  2.75.     Habitat,  San  Bernardir'',  California. 

134.    ARGYISNIS  AWANTE  Bd. 
Adiante  Buff-wing. 

Similar  to  zerene  but  differs  in  being  paler  above  and  more  lightly 
marked,  and  the  black  bcrderings  are  very  slight;  beneath,  paler,  but 
with  no  silvering.  Expands,  2.25.  Habitat,  Santa  Clara  Mountains, 
California. 


1 


oa. 


ARGYNNIS  ARTONIS  Edw. 
Artonis  Buff-wino. 
Similar  to  eurynome,  but  differs  in  having  no  silver  on  spotting  be- 
low, while  the  marginal  spots  of  tiiis  sui-face  are  neprly  obliterated  on 
Expands,  1.50  to  l.!>0.     Habitat,  Colorado  and  Nevada. 


both  wings. 


13G. 


ARGYNNIS  CLIO  Edw. 
Clio  Butterfly. 
Sinii-.a)  to  eurynome  but  differs  in  having  no  silver  spots  below,  but 
the  marginal  spots  of  this  surface  are  present.     Expands,  2.<K).     Hal)- 
itai  Montana,  and  British  America,  at  Crow's  Nest  and  Head  of  Peace 
River. 

137.  ARGYNNIS  ORIS  Euw. 
Oi'is  Bi'tterfly. 
Similar  to  eurynome  but  diffei-s  in  being  smaller  with  much  lighter 
markings  above,  and  border  lines  more  or  less  divided.  Fig.  2(i,  a.  Be- 
neath, paler  with  the  si)ots  smaller,  and  varying  with  individuals,  as  to 
the  amount  of  silvering,  frciiuently,  there  being  none:  the  sub-margiual 
spots  of  dai-ker,  are  obsolete.  Expands,  1.8(»  to  l.l»0.  Habitat,  Bald 
Mountain,  British  Columbia. 


i. 


■m 


i.il 


62 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


L 


urn 


138.    ARGYNNIS  BISCIIOFFII  Edw. 

Bischoff's  Silver-wl\g. 

Larger  than  myrina,  and  about  as  heavily  marked  on  fore  wings, 
but  the  third  row  of  spots  on  hind  wings  is  broken,  the  lower  three,  only, 
being  fused,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the  lower  half  of  the  wing,  and  the 
entire  bordering  line,  is  dusky.  Fig.  27,  a.  Beneath,  similar  to  euryno- 
me,  but  with  the  hind  wing  tinged  with  greenish.  Sub-marginal  inter- 
space, clear.  Female,  more  dusky  above,  with  most  of  the  interspace 
ocherous.    Expands,  1.80  to  l.!i(>.    Habitat,  Sitka,  Alaska. 

189.    ARGYNNIS  EURYNOME  Edw. 
EuRYNOME  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  atlantis,  lighter  above,  with  the  marginal  bin-deving  un- 
divided and  the  sub-marginal  crescents  are  cnnnected  with  it.  while  the 
inverted  C  in  central  cell  of  liind  wing  is  isolated,  Fig.  27,  b.  Beneath, 
rather  paler,  inclined  to  greenish  on  hind  wings,  but  the  sub-mai'ginal 
interspace  is  clear  huff,  and  the  buff  on  f  jre  wings  is  more  extended  tow- 
ard the  base.  Spottings  silvered  on  both  wings.  Expands.  1.7<>to 
2.0(1.  Habitat,  Colorado,  Montana,  and  British  America.  Occurs  in 
June  and  July. 

ARcn'xxLs  EURYNOME  ERiNNA  Edw.  Similar  to  type  above.  ,  ut 
differs  m  being  nearly  covered  with  rusty  red  on  lower  surface  of  hind 
wings,  leaving  very  little  buff. 

Fig.  24. 


llliistriilihi,'  till'  vfi'inis  ArL'yiiii;^.     n,  iiinlcr  hMi',  liiiui  win;;,  rliiiilope;  b,  Biimi',  hi'lir'iisii;  o, 
u|j|iprBiik'  B!iiii('  wiii){  nevadeiisis;  <1,  Bainc,  liliiiiKi. 

UO.    ARGYNNIS  MONTIYAGA  Beiir. 

M0NTIVA(iA     BuFF-WIN(i. 

Similar  to  eurynome  in  size  Imt  differs  in  color,  in  having  the  sub- 
marginal  spots  silvered  and  others  dull  white,  or  more  or  less  tinged  with 
buff  and  all  of  the  spots  are  black  bordered.  Habitat,  Sierras,  L'alil'ur- 
nia  and  Nevada. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


63 


141.    ARGYNNIS  EGLEIS  Bd. 

EoLEis  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  A.  monticola  in  color,  smaller,  and  the  sub-margmal  line 
of  crescents  on  hind  wings  are  lighter,  but  all  of  the  other  markings  are 
proportiunately  heavy,  Fig.  27,  c.  Beneath,  there  is  less  rusty  red;  the 
sub-marginal  interspace  being  comparatively  clear,  and  the  spots  are 
more  decidedly  bulF.  Expands  about  2.<i0.  Habitat,  California  and 
i»Ievada. 

142.  ARGYNNIS  MYRINA  Cram. 
Silver-bordered  Butterfly. 

Size,  small,  reddish  orange  above.  Both  wings  have  the  marginal 
border  and  sub-marginal  crescents  connected,  and  within  these  is  a  row 
of  spots  ;  tlien  the  fore  wings  have  the  usual  markhigs  of  members  of 
the  genus,  but  the  base  of  hind  wings  is  marked  with  an  mtricate  pat- 
tern, seen  in  Fig.  27,  d.  Beneath,  markings  of  fore  wmgs  repeated  but 
more  isolated,  omitting  the  (juter  border  which  is  replaced  with  rusty 
red  that  extends  over  the  apex  ;  and  both  wings  have  a  sub-marginal  row 
of  silver  spots,  black-edged  within  on  fore,  and  rusty  edged  on  hind 
wings,  whore  the  black  border  is  also  replaced  with  rusty,  and  the  wing 
within  IS  checked  with  ])uft'  and  rusty.  There  is  a  sub-marginal  row 
of  buff-ringed,  brown  spots  within  which  are  three  rows  of  silver  spots, 
and  there  is  a  silver-ringed  black  spot  in  central  cell.  Expands,  1.75 
to  1.8.-».  Habitat,  New  England  tu  Montana  and  Colorado,  north  to 
#ntario.  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia,  British  America,  and  Sitka,  Alaska. 
Occurs  from  June  until  September. 

143.  ARGYNNIS  TRICLARIS  Hub. 

IIubxer's  Argynnis. 

flMhrto  A.  myrina;  but  differs  in  having  no  silver  spots  on  bor- 

4w  'if  wiiags  b»?luw,  and  in  having  one  central,  and  one  basal  row  of  sil- 

)n  hind  wings  below.  Fig.  27, e,  with  arow  of  silver  dots  in 

ai  inTrfTspace.    Expands,  l.."JO.    Habitat,  Arctic  America; 

uudC  loradi;. 

144.    AEGYNNIS  HELENA  Edw. 

Southern  Silver-spot. 

*^"^       1  -'-or  1  .nipearenoe  '  f  niontinus,  but  differs  in  beinjr  more 

buff  ..,  1       ....  ic  bc..._  a  sprit  nf  rhis  color,  of  a  i)eculiar  form,  near  the 

hmai  i)on»in  of  the  appcr  l^^^-der  of  the  laud  wings  .lelow,  Fig.  28,  a. 


'^im 


M 


'T 


! 


\w 


i 


iii 


64 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


White  markings  below  much  as  in  chariclea. 
Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona. 


Habitat,  Mountains  of 


140.    ARGYNNIS  MONTINUS    Scud. 

Mountain  Red. 

Similar  to  myrina  but  differs  in  having  the  border  lines  above,  sep- 
arated from  the  sub-marginal  crescents.  Beneath,  there  is  no  border- 
ing row  of  silver  spots  on  fore  wings,  but  one  of  small  spots  on  hind 
wings,  witliin  which  is  a  zigzag  band  of  black,  followed  by  seven  dull, 
silver  spots  arranged  as  seen  in  Fig.  28,  a,  and  the  wing  is  decidedly 
angular  on  outer  border.  Expands  1  .OOto  1.75.  Habitat,  White  Mount- 
ains of  New  Hampshire.     Occurs  in  July  andAugust. 

14G.    ARGYNNIS  CHARICLEA  Sciineid. 
Dusky  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  myrina,  but  differs  in  having  a  paler,  less  clear,  ground 
color,  with  the  extreme  base  of  fore,  and  basal  half  of  hind,  wings,  red- 
dish dusky,  nearly  black.  The  bordering  lines  are  much  slighter  and 
are  separated  from  the  more  slender  row  of  crescents.  Beneath,  no  sil- 
ver spots  and  the  coloration  is  ([uite  different.  Both  wings,  similar  to 
above  but  with  markings  fainter  on  outer  half;  other  markings  on  f )re 
wings,  repeated,  with  apex  yellowish.  On  hind  wings,  there  is  a  cen- 
tral, transverse,  whitish  bund,  and  within  this,  the  wing  is  purplish 
brown,  crossed  by  two  zigzag  bands  of  black,  within  which  is  a  rather 
broad  band  of  whitisli,  Fig.  21),  a,  followed  by  a  black-pupiled,  wliite  dot 
in  the  central  cell,  and  three  whitish  spots  at  base ;  upper  border  of  wing, 
also  white.  Expands,  l.oO  to  l.."iO.  Habitat,  British  America  and 
Greenland  and  Labrador.     Occurs  in  June,  July,  and  August. 

14(ia.  AiKiYNNis  ciiARK'LEA  ORi^cuRATA  McLaclil,  is  similar  to 
type  but  darker,  with  spottings  larger  and  more  confluent.  Habitat, 
Grinnell  Land. 

14l)b.  Argynnis  chariclea  roisduvallii  Somm.,  similar  to  A. 
chariclea,  but  diflers  in  having  the  central  whitish  band  on  hind  wing 
below,  divided  into  two  bands  that  are  broken  into  spots.  Habitat, 
British  Columbia,  British  America,  Labrador,  and  northward.  Occurs 
in  June  and  July. 

147.    ARGYNNIS  BUTLERH  Edw. 
Butler's  Dusky  Bltteufly. 
Similar  to  chariclea,  but  with  markings  above  much  heavier,  espe- 
cially the  centi-al  band.    Beneath,  there  is  but  little  yellow  on  apex  of 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


65 


fore  wings.  Markings  of  hind  wings,  similar  but  overwushed  with  deep 
red,  somewhat  obscuring  the  markings.  Habitat,  Northwest  America, 
Grinnell  Land  and  Nova  Zembla. 

148.  ARGYNNIS  ALBERTA  Edw. 
Alberta  Butterfly. 
Similar  to  A.  chariclea,  but  differs  in  having  the  markings  paler 
above.  The  third  row  of  sp'^ts  on  both  whigs,  is  not  continuous ;  the 
sub-marginal  row  of  ci'cscents  wanting,  they  being  represented  by  a 
small  cluster  of  scales,  only,  smallest  on  the  fore,  and  largest  on  the 
hind,  wings.  Beneath,  the  markings  on  fore  wings  are  very  pale,  and 
the  ground  color  of  the  hind  wings  is  brown,  without  any  reddish  shade, 
and  there  are  no  Avhitc  markings.  The  surfiice  of  tlie  wings  has  a  pe- 
culiar smoothness,  giving  them  the  appearance  of  having  been  greased. 
Expands,  about  l.iH).  Habitat,  Alberta,  Canada.  Occurs  in  June,  at 
a  considerable  elevation. 


a  b  c 

IlUistratiiiy  tlio  gemis  Artfyiiiiis.    a,  upper  side,  himl  wing,  coronis;  b,  lower  side,  hind  wing, 
halcyone:  c,  upper  side  same,  edwardsii;  d,  same,  caliippe. 

149.    ARGYNNIS  FREYA  Tiiunb. 
Freya  Buttekfly. 

Similar  to  A.  c.  boisduvallii,  l)utdiffers  in  the  absence  of  the  sub- 
marginal  row  of  round  spots  on  fore  wings,  and  in  having  much  less 
white  on  hind  wing  l)elow,  the  m<ist  prominent  spot  of  this  color,  being 
an  arrow-shaped  mark  in  the  contra!  cell.  Expands,  1  .oo  to  1 .(!( i.  Hab- 
itat, Labrador,  Arctic  vVmcrica,  Alaska,  and  Colorado. 

1  IDa.  Aiir.YNXis  fhkya  tarquinus  Curt,  is  a  mure  northern  sub- 
species, smaller  in  si/e  an<l  darker  in  color,  with  the  Irnse  of  the  wings, 
black.     Habitat,  Arctic  America. 

loO.    ARGYNNIS  POLARIS  M. 
Polar  Bitterfly. 
Similar  to  A.  freya,  but  differs  in  liuvinjj  a  row  of  minute  crosses 


4 


M-: 


I 


li 


i! 


:- 


'■:  >■ 


i 
I 


■li 
ii  ! 


■f  J 


66 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


on  outer  margin  of  hind  wings  below,  Fig.  26,  f. 
northward. 


lol. 


Habitat,  Labrador, 


ARGYNNIS  FRIGGA  Thunb. 
Frigga  Butterfly. 

Size  of  chariclea  but  darker,  at  least  one  half  of  the  hind  wings 
obscured  with  dusky,  and  all  of  the  markings  are  heavy.  Beneath,  there 
is  a  row  of  white  spots  on  outer  margin,  the  marginal  border  and  sub- 
marginal  crescents  are  absent,  and  the  clear,  sub-marginal  interspace, 
as  well  as  the  wing  outside  of  it,  is  overwashed  with  purplish.  Habi- 
tat, Labrador,  Arctic  America,  Alaska,  and  Colorado. 

152.    ARGYNNIS  IMPROBA  Butler. 

Doubtful  Argyxnis. 

Similar  to  A.  frigga,  but  difiers  in  being  smaller  and  darker,  with 
much  heavier,  suffused  markings.     Habitat,  Arctic  America. 

loo.    ARGYNNIS  BELLONA  Fab. 
Meadow  Butterfly. 

Color  and  size  of  A.  myrina,  butdiflfers  in  having  the  two  outer 
black  borderings  to  both  wings  above,  broken  into  spots,  and  having  a 
somewhat  different  basal  pattern  of  markings  to  hind  wings,  Fig.,  28  b. 
Beneath,  there  is  no  silver  bordering,  this  being  replaced  by  a  reddish 
purple  bordering,  in  Avhich  the  spottings  above  are  repeated  but  in  ru- 
fous, with  bluish  white  centers.  The  central  silver  band  and  basal  spots 
are  replaced  by  yellowish  rufous  in  a  larger  pattern.  Expands,  1.55  to 
1.80.  Habitat,  Northern  United  States,  Colorado,  British  America, 
Ontario,  and  Quebec.    Occurs  from  May  to  September. 

154.    ARGINNIS  EPITHORE  Bd. 
Dusky  Meadow  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  A.  bellona  in  general  markings,  but  is  not  as  brightly 
colored,  and  the  basal  fourth  of  fore,  and  basal  half  of  hind,  wings  are  so 
heavily  obscured  with  dusky,  as  to  nearly  obliterate  the  markings.  Fig. 
28,  c.  Beneath,  the  1)asal  half  of  hind  wing,  is  rich  purplish  brown, 
with  a  central  band  of  yellowish  that  contains  a  band  of  dark-ringed 
spots  o"whitish,  more  or  less  centered  Avith  rufous.  Expands,  1.75  to 
2.10.  Habitat,  California  to  Oregon,  Nevada,  and  Alberta,  Canada. 
Occurs  in  June  and  July. 

154a.  Ar(jynnls  kpithore  kreimhild  Str.  Similar  to  the  type 
form,  but  differs  in  having  little  or  no  dark  suffusion  on  the  basal  por- 


m 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


67 


tion  of  ■vvings  above,  and  in  having  much  clearer  yellow  below 
Utah  and  Arizona. 


Habitat, 


GENUS  XVII. 
EUPTOIETA.     UPLAND  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  medium.  Colors,  fjided  orange,  banded  and 
marked  above  w  ith  dull  black.  No  silver  below.  Wings, 
large,  not  much  pointed  nor  conspicuously  angled.  An- 
tennae, long,  but  the  club  is  not  suddenly  enlarged  termi- 
nally, and  it  is  not  much  llattened.  Type,  E.  Claudia. 
(Plate IV,  2.) 


150.    EUPTOIETA  CLAUDIA  Cram. 
Pale-red  Butterfly. 

Pale  orange  yellow  above  with  dusky  markings  as  follows ;  a  rather 
wide  border  to  outer  margin  of  both  wings,  enclosing  a  row  of  yellowish 
spots ;  within  this  border  is  a  row  of  round  spots,  then  two  rather  zig- 
zag bands,  between  which  the  ground  color  is  very  pale,  while  in  theccn- 
tnil  cell  of  f  jrc  wing,  is  a  dusky-ringed,  pale  spot,  and  within  this  is  a 
short  dash,  directly  beneath  which,  nearer  the  lower  margin,  is  an  arrow- 
sha]icd  mark,  and  in  central  cell  of  hind  wing  a  dash. 

Beneath,  the  markings  are  repeated  but  much  obscured  with  whit- 
ish, and  there  are  lines  of  whitish  on  baseof  hind  wing.  Expands,  LOO 
to  2.oO.  Habitat,  from  Maine  and  Massachusetts,  where  it  is  rare, 
south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  west  through  the  Mississippi  Valley,  to 
Colorado,  Arizona,  and  California ;  occasionally  occurs  in  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Quebec.  Found  in  Florida  throughout  the  year,  excepting, 
perhaps,  in  December  and  January ;  further  north  in  mid-summer. 

mo.    EUPTOIETA  HEGESIA  Cram. 

Dotted  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  E.  claudia,  but  differs  in  l)eiiig  brighter,  in  having  the 
markings  alwve  darker,  in  the  outer  zigzag  band  on  fore  wing  being  near- 
ly, or  quite,  obsolete,  the  second  band  is  broken  into  spots,  and  there  is 
a  third  short,  black  dnsh  at  base  of  central  cell,  and  also  differs  in  the 
entire  absence  of  any  markings  hiside  the  rov.'  of  spots  on  hind  wings. 
Fig.  2S,  d.  Beneath,  the  hind  wings  are  marbled  with  whitish  and  dusky 
Expands,  1  .SH  to  2  2o,    Habitat,  AVest Indies,  includ"ng  Bahamas,  rare- 


m 


n 

,     ii 


68 


^OUTII  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


:^i 


;i 


1. ' 


I  1^ 


II  i 


^1 


ly  Flc  'da,  Southern  California,  ami  Texas, 
year. 


Occurs  throu^iliout  the 


GENUS  XVIII. 
MELITiiEA.     BLACK-CHECKERED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  small  to  medium.  Colors,  dark,  often  black,  con- 
spicuously marked  in  checker's  of  orange,  reddish  or  j'ellow. 
Antennae,  nearly  as  long  as  the  body  and  terminating  in  a 
short,  suddenly  enlnrged,  flat  club.  Fore  wings,  long  and 
pointed,  hind  wings  comparatively  short  and  M'ithout  an- 
gles.    Type,  M.  phaeton.     (Plate  IIII,  3.) 

Fig.  2(]. 


Tllustrating  the  greinis  Aixvnnis.    a,  iippprRido,  hind  wing,  rupostris:  b,  same  macarla;  c,  same 
inorniita;  d,  same,  scmiramis :  p,  Bamo,  opis;  f,  (nitor  nur^in  sanip,  polaris. 


1," 


)/. 


INIELITAEA  PHAETON  Dru. 

Reu-bordeked  Checker. 

Color,  black,  h')tli  Avinj^s  l))r(lerc(l  with  spots  of  reddish  orange, 
within  which,  on  fore  winL^^s,  are  four  rows  of  yellowish,  and  tliree  on 
hind,  the  inner  on  both  winj^s  being  indistinct.  In  central  cell  of  fore 
\N  in^s,  arc  four  or  five  spots  of  reddish  orange,  and  in  central  cell  of 
hind,  one.  Beneath,  markings  repeated,  larger,  and  spots  in  central  cell 
of  fore  wings  fused  together  with  an  additional  spot  of  rc-fl  Ijelow,  near 
base,  and  some  yellow  dots.  On  hind  wings,  there  are  four  clearly  de- 
fined rows  of  yellowish  spots,  and  within  them,  a  row  of  reddish  orange, 
with  three  more  spots  of  same  C(jlor  in  base,  and  five  or  more  of  yellow- 
ish. Expandb,  1.75  to  2.10.  Habitat,  United  States,  east  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  excepting  extreme  s<-)uthern  portion,  and  northward  to  On- 
tario, Quebec,  and  Lake  of  tlie  Woods.  Locality  distributed.  Occurs 
from  the  middle  of  June,  until  the  last  of  Julv. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  lUTTERFLIES. 


69 


108.    MELITAEA  CUOPERl  liEiiR. 
Cooper's  Checker. 
More  dusky  above  than  A.  phaeton,  red  1)ordeved  sjiots  pnialler, 
but  yellowish  ones  larger,  the  fuur  rows  on  fore,  and  three  on  hind  wings 
occupj,  at  least,  one  half  of  the  wing,  and  some  of  the  spots  arc  edged 
with  reddish,  but  there  are  no  prominent  red  spots  in  central  cell  of 
either  wing  one  yellowish  spot  in  base  of  fore,  and  three  in  that  of  hind. 
Fig.  28,  e.     Beneath,  brick  rod:  two  rows  of  yellowish  spots  on  f  >re 
wings,  the  outer  of  crescents  and  black-ringed,  l)utnot  crossing  wings, 
second  with  no  rings,  oval,  and  crossing  wing,  and  in  central  cell  aro  four 
black  dashes.    On  hind  wings  are  three  rows  of  black-ringed  spots  and 
a  spot  in  central  cell,  the  two  outer  being  confluent.    Expands,  2.(  ^)  to 
2.'25.    Habitat,  Big  Horn  Mountains,  Montana,  Vancouver's  Island, 
and  Puget  Sound,  "Washington  Territory. 

lo!).    MELITAEA  CIIALCEDON  Dourl-IIew. 
California  Checker. 

Resenibles  M.  coopcri,  but  differs  above  in  having  the  t)uter  mar- 
ginal red  spots  small,  or  occasionally  wanting,  the  ground  culur  blacker, 
and  in  the  almost  ent're  absence  of  any  red  on  other  portions  of  wing 
in  the  female,  and  in  the  male,  in  its  being  confined  to  two  dots  near  end 
of  central  cell  of  fore  wings,  and  two  others  between  second  and  third 
row  of  spots.  Beneath,  the  yellow  of  the  first  and  second  row  of  spots 
on  hind  wing,  encroaches  upon  the  red  interspace,  and  the  spots  at  base 
of  wing  are  larger  and  more  confluent.  Fig.  29,  b.  E.xpands,  2.00  to  2.20. 
Habitat,  California. 

15Da.  Melitaea  ciialcedon  l>winellei  II.  Edw.  Differs  from 
the  type,  in  being  much  suffused  with  red  above,  nearly  obscuring  the 
yellowish  spots,  and  there  is  no  sub-marginal  r  jw  of  whitish  spots.  Be- 
neath, the  yellowish  spots  are  much  larger,  and  the  red  spots  arc  much 
more  broadly  edged  with  black.    Habitat,  IMt.  Shasta,  California. 

IGO.  MELITAEA  COLON  Edw. 
Colon  Checker. 
Similar  to  M.  ciialcedon  but  differs  in  having  no  red  in  the  central 
cell  of  fore  wing  above,  in  having  the  second  row  of  spots  on  same  wing, 
mixed  red  and  }  ellow,  and  the  second  row  of  spots  on  hind  wings  beneath 
red  with  no  yellow,  and  forming  a  more  continuous  bar.  Expands,  2.00 
to  2.30.  Habitat,  Columbia  River.  Western  "Washington  Territory  and 
Oregon. 


f  I 


D. 


70 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


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IGl.    MELITAEA  ANICIA  Doudl-IIew. 

"WiHTE-si'OTTi:!)  Checker. 

Similar  to  jNI.  baroui  but  differs  in  having  the  white  spottings  above 

much  mure  extended,  nearly  obliterating  the  red,  and  the  fore  Avings  are 

narrower  and  much  nmre  pointed.    Expands,  l.'iO  to  1.80.     Habitat, 

California,  Nevada,  New  Mexic  ,  Colorado,  and  Montana. 

ICL'.    MELITAEA  NUBIGENA  Bkiir. 

Cloud  Checker. 

Similar  to  M.  anicia  in  size,  form,  and  general  coloration,  but  differs 
in  having  theclul)  uf  the  antennae  wholly  black,  notrcd-ti])ped,  the  band 
of  spots  in  the  pallid  interspace,  part  orange,  and  following  the  band  of 
crescents.  Habitat,  California,  Nevada,  New  Mexio.  Colorado,  and 
Montana. 

l(i"Ja  Melitaea  nubigena  wheeleri  II.  Edw.  Similar  to  type 
but  pnle  red  on  ground  color  of  upper  surface  ;  base  of  Avings,  white,  and 
there  is  more  black  beneath.     Habitat,  Nevada. 

K;:}.    :MELITAEA  QUINO  IJkuu. 

Qnx(^  CiiKCKKi;. 

Differs  from  M.  chalcedon,  in  l)eing  nuich  brighter  above,  but  the 
under  side  of  the  hind  wing  is  paler  and  there  are  six  distinct  spots,  only, 
in  the  central  band;  tiie  club  of  the  antennae  is  black,  not  red.  Ex- 
pands. 1.6')  to  1.80.    Habitat,  Mendocino,  California. 

1(U.    MELITAEA  UAllONl  II.  Ei.w. 

Baron's  Checker. 

Size,  smaller  than  IM.  coui)eri  l)ut  about  the  same  ground  color ;  dif- 
fers in  markings,  in  having  the  first  row  of  yellowish  spots  on  fore  wings 
reduced  to  a  narrow,  nearly  continuous,  line,  the  third  row  of  spots  on 
fore,  and  second  on  hind,  wings,  red,  with  two  red  spots  in  central  cell 
of  fore  wing,  about  as  in  i)luietun,  and  havhig  a  whitish  bar  between 
them.  Beneath,  there  is  a  white,  isolated  line  of  spots  in  the  middle  of 
the  reddish  interspace.-  between  first  and  second  row  of  whitish  spots. 
Fig.  o(>,  b.  Expands,  l.-X)  to  1.80.  Habitat,  Northern  California. 
Occurs  in  ^lay,  June,  and  July. 

lO:..    MELITAEA  RUBICUND  A  II.  Edw. 

Bed  Checker. 
Above,  black,  with  rows  of  spots  as  follows ;  fore  wing,  first  row, 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


71 


(marginal)  second,  and  third,  yellow:  fourth,  reil  outwardly,  yellow,  in- 
wardly ;  three  spots  at  end  of  central  cell,  yellow  ;  four  in  cell,  one  red 
and  three  yellow,  and  three,  red,  beneath  the  cell.  Hind  wings;  mar- 
ginal row,  red,  second,  yellow,  third,  red,  fourth,  yellow;  two  dashes  in 
cellandfive  or  six  basal  spots,  yellow.  Ueneath,  reil  on  fore  wings,  with 
two  rows  of  yelloAV  spots,  the  first,  black-edged  nutwardly,  and  the  sec- 
ond, inwardly;  a  spot  outside  cell,  yellow,  and  a  yellow  si)ot  at  end;  two 
yellow  ones  within  the  cell,  all  black-edged.  I  lind  wings,  red ;  a  row  of 
sub-marginal  crescents,  fulluwed  inwardly  by  a  l>lack  line,  then  si.\  yel- 
low spots,  nhie  or  ten  basal,  and  two  on  lower  margin.  Expands,  ].7o 
to  2.U0.     Habitat,  Northern  California. 

lOi;.    MELITAEA  EDITH  A  Bd. 

Edith's  Checker. 

Similar  to  ^1.  baroni  T)ut  difters  above  in  having  the  spots  of  the 
second  red  band  on  hind  wing,  slightly  pupiled  with  yellow;  and  the  spots 
of  the  red  band  of  same  wing  beneath,  are  also  centered  witli  yellow. 
Exi)ands,  I.-jI  >  to  1,S( ).     Habitat,  Southern  Califirnia. 

Fig.  27. 


7^ 


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egleis;  d,  6 


C  (I 

iitinj;  j^'omis  Argyiinis;  a,  upper  sklo,  liiiul  wing,  bisclioltii : 
lino,  myrina;  e,  bhiiic,  triclaris;  f,  same,  enlargeti,  lulena. 


1i,  s.imo,  curyiiiiiii 


107.    MELITAEA  IIELVIA  Scud. 

Scudder's  Checker. 

Allied  to  j\I.  anicia,  but  differs  in  being  darker  above.  The  margi- 
nal spots  arc  reddish,  the  second  and  third  rows  on  fore  wing  are  whit- 
ish, there  are  two  whitish  spots  outside  the  central  cell,  and  three  spots 
in  it,  the  outer  reddish,  the  middle  mixed  white  and  red,  and  the  inner 
whitish.  There  are  fore  rows  of  spots  on  outer  half  of  hind  wings,  close 
together,  fu'st  reddish,  second  whitish,  third  reddish,  and  the  inner  is 
dusky  and  whitish.  Brownish  red  beneath,  deepest  on  hind  wings.  Ex- 
pands, 1.50.     Habitat,  I'amparts,  Youcon  River,  Alaska. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBBER,  NV.  M580 

(716)  is/i-4503 


[II 


72 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERILIES. 


J' 


M 


1G8.    MEMTAEA  STEROPE  Edw. 

Oregon  Checker. 

Blackish  brown  above  with  light  markings  as  follows ;  above,  fore 
wings  with  two  rows  of  small  spots  near  outer  margin,  a  third  row,  di- 
vided near  upper  margin,  two  spots  in  central  cell,  and  one  below  it. 
Hind  wings,  with  a  marginal  row  of  larger  crescents,  then  a  second  row 
of  dots,  and  a  third  of  elongated  spots.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  mark- 
ings repeated  but  more  diffused ;  hind  wings,  with  the  marginal  cres- 
cents but  they  are  black-edged  on  both  sides,  and  within  this  row,  is  a 
black  band  that  contains  a  series  of  yellowish  dots,  each  white-pulpiled ; 
base  of  wings,  yellowish,  with  a  band  of  six  white  spots.  Expands,  1.80 
to  1.90.    Habitat,  Oregon. 

IGO.    MEUTAEA  ACASTUS  Edw. 

AcASTUS  Checker. 

Similar  to  M.  palla  but  differs  in  being  paler  above,  and  in  having 
the  spots  and  bands  of  the  lower  surface  of  hind  wings,  so  greatly  en- 
larged as  to  occupy  nearly  the  whole  space.  Expands,  l.oO  to  1.90. 
Habitat,  Nevada,  Utah,  and  Montana. 

170.    MELITAEA  PALLA  Bd. 

Northern  Checker. 
Size  and  form  of  M.  harrisii,  but  differs  in  being  brighter  in  color 
above,  in  having  the  outer  black  border  of  fore  Avings  broken  by  two  rows 
of  reddish  spots.  Fig.  2!),  e,  and  in  the  absence  of  any  decided  ocherous 
spot  in  central  cell,  on  fore  wing  beneath.  Expands,  1.7o  to  2.00.  Hab- 
itat, California  to  Washington  Territory,  Nevada,  Montana ;  Alberta, 
Canada,  and  Crow's  Nest,  British  America.    Occurs  in  June  and  July. 

171.    MELITAEA  WHITNEYH  Behr. 
Whitney's  Checker. 
Similar  to  M.  palla  in  size  and  form,  duller  in  color  above,  and  with 
the  dark  lines  much  thinner  and  more  regular,  and  the  orange  spots  of 
the  sub-marginal  band  of  hind  wings  beneath,  are  without  white  cen- 
ters.    Habitat,  California  and  Nevada. 

172.    MELITAEA  HOFFMANNI  Behr. 
Hoffmann's  Checker. 
Similar  to  M.  palla  but  differs  in  being  yellower  above,  with  more 
black  lines,  especially  on  the  center  of  fore  wings ;  the  spots  forming  sub- 


I 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


73 


marginal  band  on  hiiid  wings  below,  are  rounded,  not  crescent-shape. 
Expands,  1.50  to  1.1)0.  Habitat,  California,  Nevada,  Oregon,  Colorado, 
and  Montana. 

173.    MELITAEA  GABBII  Beiir. 

Gaeb's  Checker. 

Similar  to  M.  pal  la  above,  but  the  spots  on  hind  wings  below  are 
more  or  less  frosted  with  silver.  Expands,  l.oo  to  1.00.  Habitat, 
Southern  California,  Utah,  and  Arizona. 

174.    MELITAEA  IIARRISII  Scud. 

Harris'  Butterfly. 

Above,  rather  dull  reddish  orange,  with  dark  brown  markings  as 
follows,  and  occupying  rather  more  than  one  half  the  surface.  There  is 
a  broad  border  to  both  wings,  one  on  hind  containing  a  row  of  not  very 
clearly  defined  crescents,  within  this  is  a  narrower  band,  followed,  on 
fore  wings,  by  a  wider  band,  within  which,  on  base  of  wing,  is  a  some- 
what intricate  pattern,  Fig.  29,  f,  and  the  base  of  hind  wings  is  wholly 
dark,  excepting  two  reddish  spots  in  central  cell.  Beneath,  reddish 
orange,  with  a  sub-marginal  row  of  whitish  crescents,  within  which,  on 
fore  wing,  is  a  row  of  dots,  two  wider  bands  of  buff,  and  two  spots  in 
central  cell.  On  hind  wing,  within  crescents,  is  a  confluent,  triple  row 
of  spots,  and  about  five  spots  on  basal  half  of  wings,  all  spots  on  both 
wings  being  black-encircled.  Expands,  1.30  to  1.40.  Habitat,  North- 
ern New  England  to  New  York,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Ontario, 
and  Quebec.    Rare  in  Eastern  Mass. 

175.     MELITAEA  ULRICA  Edw. 
Ulrica  Checker. 

Above,  similar  to  M.  vesta  in  spottings  and  markings.  Beneath, 
the  outer  fourth  of  fore  wings  is  black,  crossed  by  a  sub-marginal  band 
of  confluent,  yellowish  orange  spots,  beyond  which  is  a  series  of  white 
dots.  Second  row  of  spots  seen  above,  repeated  but  the  spots  within  this 
are  so  greatly  enlarged  as  to  occupy  the  entire  basal  area.  Hind  wings^ 
with  a  marginal  band  of  yellowish,  then  a  series  of  large  v.hile  spots, 
then  a  black  area,  within  which  is  a  row  of  yellowish  red  spots,  not  cross- 
ing the  wing.  Across  middle  of  wing  is  a  row  of  white  dots  and  a  con- 
tinuous white  band.  Basal  area,  yellowish  red,  with  a  white  spot  in 
central  cell,  a  white  bar  near  base,  and  one  at  base.  Expands,  .85  to 
.05.    ITaMtat,  S' utii-western  Texas. 


74 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


I  ' 


17G.    MELITAEA  DYMAS  Edw. 
Dymas  Checker. 

Brownisli  Llack  above  with  the  following  reddish  orange  markings ; 
on  fore  wings,  is  a  sub-marginal  band  of  rounded  spots,  imperfect  on 
upper  half,  then  a  band  of  spots,  and  five  spots  in  central  cell,  several 
spots  at  end  of  cell  and  below  it ;  apex,  white.  Hind  wings,  with  a  cen- 
tral band  of  spots,  within  which  is  a  band  of  black,  with  the  basal  area 
reddish.  In  central  cell  is  a  sub-oval,  black  spot  with  a  reddish  stripe 
in  the  middle.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  a  band  of  white  is  followed  by 
a  row  of  crescents  upon  a  black  ground.  Inside  this  band,  the  wing  is 
reddish  orange,  with  four  black,  transverse  lines  in  central  cell,  and  an 
indistinct  line  at  end.  Hind  wings  have  a  row  of  dull  white  spots  on 
a  black  ground,  then  a  reddish  orange  band,  followed  by  a  broad  white 
band  that  is  cut  beyond  the  middle  by  a  black  stripe,  from  outer  to  in- 
ner margin.  Base  and  central  cell,  orange,  with  a  triangular,  black- 
edged  white  spot  in  cell,  and  a  black-edged,  white,  transverse  line.  Ex- 
pands, .95  to  l.,0().     Habitat,  Southwestern  Texas. 


f 

a,  lower  Btde,  hinrt  wing,  Argynnis  montinus:  b,  same,  A. bellona:  c,  same,  A.  epitliore  :  d,  same 
wing,  upper  Bide,  Euptoiota  hcgosia,  e,  Banie  wing,  Melitaea  cooperi;  f,  base  of  win^',  upper  side' 
same  Bpecies. 

177.    MELITAEA  PERSE  Edw. 

Arizona  Checker. 
Similar  in  form  to  M.  dymas,  orange  yellow  above,  with  outer  mar- 
gin of  both  wings  broadly  edged  with  black,  on  which  is  a  row  of  orange 
yellow  spots,  followed  by  a  black  line,  and  from  this  to  base,  is  an  intri- 
cate pattern  of  lines.  Beneath,  with  markings  repeated  but  indistinctly, 
on  fore  wings,  and  upper  margin  white.  Hind  wings,  with  upper  mar- 
gin also  white,  and  there  is  a  row  of  white,  sub-marginal  crescents,  then 
a  series  of  orange  spots  on  a  whitish  ground,  within  which  is  a  narrow 
buff  band,  followed  by  a  white  band.  Basal  area,  orange  with  a  black- 
edwed  white  spot  in  central  cell,  and  a  white  band  on  upper  margin. 
Expands,  l.CKJ  to  1.10.    Habitat,  Arizona. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


75 


II 


178.    MELITAEA  CIIARA  Edw. 
CiiARA  Checker. 
Similar  to  M.  perse  above,  but  differs  in  having  the  outer  margin 
of  hind  wings  beneath,  black,  not  buff  nor  orange,  and  the  spots  cf  out- 
er row  are  rounded  or  crescent-shaped.    Expands,  1.15  to  1.40.   Habi- 
tat, Southern  Arizona. 

171).    MELITAEA  LEANIRA  Bd. 

White-banded  Checker. 

Above,  dark  brown  with  a  reddish  marginal  band  of  spots  on  fore 
wings,  then  a  row  of  yellow  dots,  followed  by  an  irregular  band  of  larg- 
er spots  and  tAvo  yellow  spots,  and  a  bar  in  the  central  cell ;  beneath 
the  cell  is  a  dot  and  a  heart-shaped  spot.  On  hind  wings  are  two  rows 
of  spots  near  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  outer  dots  and  the  inner  larger. 
In  the  cell  are  two  spots,  the  outer  a  crescent  and  the  inner  a  dot.  Be- 
neath, reddish  on  fore  wings  margined  with  buff,  within  which  is  a  black 
band,  and  inside  this  are  two  rows  of  white.  Ilind  wings  buff  fringed 
with  black,  and  with  a  narrow,  sub-marginal  band  of  black,  followed  by 
one  of  the  same  color,  broader,  and  containing  a  row  of  white  spots,  Fig. 
30,  a,  and  there  is  an  intricate  pattern  in  black,  at  base  of  wing.  An- 
tennae, wholly  reddish.  Expands,  1.25  to  1.75.  Habitat,  California, 
Arizona,  Nevada,  Montana  and  Garnett  Ranche,  British  America. 

180.    MELITAEA  ALMA  Str. 
Strecker's  Checker. 

Both  wings  above  margined  with  black,  within  which  is  a  row  of 
spots  on  fore,  and  a  band  on  hind,  of  orange,  within  this,  is  a  black  band, 
indistinct  on  hind  wings,  followed  by  a  narrow,  yellow  band,  then  a  sec- 
ond band  of  orange,  then  a  second  yellow  band,  then  an  irregular  band 
of  black  on  fore  Avings,  and  betAveen  this  and  the  outer  black  band,  is  a 
black  spot  on  upper  margin  of  both  Avings ;  in  central  cell  of  fore  Avings 
is  a  black  band,  and  the  base  of  hind  Aving  is  black,  containing  tAvo  yel- 
low spota  in  central  cell.  Beneath,  j-elloAvish,  Avith  the  marginal  black 
band  to  both  Avings,  and  the  sub-marginal  band  on  fore  wings,  and  be- 
tween these  tAvo  bands  on  fore  Avings,  near  the  middle  of  the  border,  is 
a  spot  of  orange,  and  on  these  wings,  tAvo  bands  of  orange,  the  outer  of 
which  is  divided  for  its  upper  half,  forming  a  Y.  Hind  wings  crossed 
by  a  sub-marginal  band  of  black,  containing  a  row  of  Avhite  spots.  Fig. 
30,  b,  similar  to  that  seen  in  ^I.  leanira,  but  larger  than  in  that  spe- 
cies.   Expands  1.30.    Habitat,  Arizona  and  Southern  Utah. 


!!' 


ill 


76 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


■• '  '.  i 


181.  MEUTAEA  f'ULVIA  Edw. 

Yellow  Checker. 

Allied  to  M.  leanira,  but  differs  in  having  the  brown  above  dusted 
with  yellowish.  There  is  a  series  of  brownish  orange  spots,  crossing 
both  wings,  preceded  by  a  black  band,  those  on  fore  wing  being  replaced 
by  yellow,  and  at  apex,  by  a  black  line,  and  within  this  is  a  series  of 
small  yellow  spots,  and  a  series  at  end  of  central  cell,  larger,  and  on  hind 
wings,  elongated.  Inside  cell  and  below  it,  are  three  small,  yellow  spots. 
Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  reddish  orange,  with  the  markings  above  show- 
ing indistinctly.  Hind  wings,  yellowish  buff  with  veins  broadly  edged 
with  buff,  at  end  of  central  cell  is  a  black  line,  and  within  the  cell,  a 
V-shaped  mark  of  black,  point  toward  the  base,  and  a  black  stripe  in 
center  of  wing.    Expands,  1.50.    Habitat,  Western  Texas  and  Colorado. 

182.  MEUTAEA  THEKLA  Edw. 

Thekla  Checker. 

Pale  ocherous  above,  fore  wings  narrowly  margined  with  black, 
with  a  white  point  near  upper  border.  There  is  a  double,  sub-marginal 
row  of  irregular  sized  spots;  at  end  of  central  cell,  is  a  slight  band  of 
orange  edged  with  black;  upper  margin  and  extreme  base  of  wings,  black. 
Hind  wings,  with  black  border  and  outer  margin  wider,  enclosing  a  row 
of  obscure  dots  and  streaks.  Two  irregular,  black  lines  cross  the  wing, 
which  with  the  black  veins,  divide  this  portion  of  the  wing  into  checkers. 
Within  this,  the  basal  area  is  ocherous,  marked  with  only  a  black  line 
in  the  central  cell.  Beneath,  deeper  in  color  than  above,  with  similar 
markings,  but  the  spots  are  larger,  and  there  is  a  white  bar  in  the  central 
cell  of  hind  wing;  and  at  base,  four  long,  white  spots  in  a  black  ground. 
Expands,  1.30  to  1.50.    Habitat,  Southern  California  and  Arizona. 

183.    MELITAEA  BOLLH  Edw. 

Boll's  Checker. 

Habitat,  South-western  Texas  and  Arizona.  Note,  for  description 
of  this  species,  and  that  of  others  of  this  genus,  see  Appendix. 

184.    MELITAEA  MINUTA  Edw. 
Little  Checker. 
Above,  dull  yellowish  orange,  both  wings  margined  with  black  and 
crossed  by  eight  black  bars  on  fore,  and  five  on  hind,  wings,  and  there 
is  a  lighter  central  bar.    Beneath,  paler  on  fore  wings,  with  outer  mar- 
gin whitish,  inner  bars  repeated,  but  narrower.    Hind  wings,  crossed  by 


l^il 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


77 


two  bars  of  whitish  spots,  black-edged,  which  in  the  central  cell,  are 
somewhat  C-shaped,  inverted,  Fig.  30,  f.  Expands,  1.40.  Habitat, 
Colorado,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico. 

185.  MELITAEA.  ARACHNE  Edw. 

Araciine  Checker. 

Similar  to  M.  minuta  in  general  coloration  but  differs  in  having 
two  bars  of  reddish  spots,  on  outer  margin  of  fore  wing  above,  instead 
of  one  divided  on  upper  half  There  are  three  bars  of  reddish,  in  the 
central  cell,  not  four.  On  hind  wings  beneath,  rather  more  yellowish. 
Expands,  l.GO.    Habitat,  Colorado,  Arizona,  and  Western  Texas. 

18G.    MELITAEA  NYMPHA  Edw.- 
Nymph  Checker. 

Black  above,  both  wings  with  a  sub-marginal  row  of  small  crescents, 
inside  which  is  a  row  of  largo,  reddish  orange  spots,  slightly  white- 
centered  on  fore  wings  above ;  within  this,  a  third  row  crossing  middle 
of  wings,  is  pure  white  on  hind  pair,  j-ellowish  on  fore.  At  end  of  cen- 
tral cell  on  fore  wings,  is  a  row  of  three  reddish  spots ;  in  the  cell  near 
end,  a  pair  of  yellowish  spots,  and  in  middle,  a  third,  larger  and  reddish. 
In  central  cell  of  hind  wings,  is  a  large  reddish  patch.  Beneath,  marked 
much  as  in  M.  minuta  but  differs  in  having  no  black  dots  in  the  clear, 
continuous,  reddish-orange,  sub-marginal  band  on  hind  wings.  Expands 
1.30  to  l.oO.    IlabitaL,  Southern  Arizona.  ' 

Fiji.  21). 


a  b  c  d  e  f 

a,  lower  Bide,  hind  wing,  Argjninis  chariclca ;  b,  same,  MoUtnea  chalcedon;  c,  same,  M.  nubigeua; 
d,  same,  M,  baronl;  e,  fore  wing,  upper  side,  M.  palla;  f,  same,  M.  harrlsii. 

GENUS  XIX. 

PHYCIODES.     THE  LITTLE  CHECKERS. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  genus,  in  having  the  fore 
wings  rather  more  rounded  at  apex,  and  the  colors  above 
are  orange  with  spottings  and  bandings  of  black,  with  oc- 
casional white  spottmgs.     Type,  P.  tharos.     ( Plate  IV,  4.) 


i 


i 


I  f. 


78 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTrERFLIES. 


187.    niYCIODES  NYCTEIS  Doubl.-IIew. 

Silver  Crescent. 
Similar  in  general  markings  and  color  above  to  P.  tharos  but  is  larg- 
er, the  eight  bands  on  the  hind  wings  beneath  arc  silvery,  and  mainly 
confined  to  two,  a  basal  and  a  central,  the  outer  row  of  cresents  being 
represented  by  one  or  two  at  upper  border  of  wing,  and  a  largo  silver 
crescent  near  the  middle  of  the  margin,  Fig.  30,  c.  Expands,  1.70  to 
1.80.  Habitat,  Maine  to  North  Carolina,  and  westward  to  the  Mississ- 
ippi valley;  (rare  in  Massachusetts)  Ontario,  and  Quebec.  Occurs  in 
June  and  July. 

J  88.    PHYCIODES  CARLOTA  Rear. 

Carlota  Checker. 

Similar  to  P.  njxteis  above,  but  with  all  the  markings  broadened, 
nearly  obscuring  the  reddish  orange :  beneath,  fore  wings  have  more 
black  through  middle,  and  the  hind  wings  are  rather  darker  brown,  with 
only  two  yellowish  spots  in  the  central  cell.  Silvery  markings,  as  in 
nycteis.  Habitat,  Southern  and  Western  States,  Rocky  Mountains, 
Montana  to  Oregon,  and  rarely  in  Western  Virginia. 

189.    PHYCIODES  VESTA  Edw. 

Vesta  Checker. 

Smaller  than  P.  tharos,  about  same  color  above,  but  there  are  two 
rows  of  oval  light  spots,  crossingouterhalf  of  fore  wings.  Fig.  ol,  f,  and 
the  lower  surface  is  more  finely  banded.  There  is  a  summer  form  in 
which  the  markings  are  heavier.    Expands,  .90  to  1.10.    Habitat,  Texas. 

lOt).  PHYCIODES  PHAON  Edw. 
Southern  Checker. 
Similar  to  P.  tharos  but  diifers  in  having  a  whitish  band  crossing 
the  fore  wings,  widest  above,  but  showing  on  both  surfaces.  Fig.  oO,  d. 
Beneath,  the  hind  wings  are  paler,  Avith  the  dark  markings  clearer,  bold- 
er, and  darker.  There  is  a  dark,  summer  form.  Expands,  1.00  to 
1.30.    Habitat,  Gulf  States,  Texas,  and  occasionally  Kansas. 

191.    PHYCIODES  THAROS  Dru. 

LiiTLE  Black-bordered  Butterfly. 

Plate  IV,  4. 

Above,  yellowish  orange,  both  wings  bordered  all  around,  excepting 

on  lower  margin  of  hind,  with  black,  widest  on  outer  margin,  where  is 

enclosed,  on  fore  wings,  a  single  crescent  near  middle,  and  on  both  wings 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


79 


a  connected  series  of  more  or  less  distinct  crescents.  The  middle  of  fore 
wing  is  crossed  by  a  band  of  black,  more  or  less  broken  in  the  middle ; 
inside  of  the  outer  band,  on  hind  wings,  is  a  series  of  black  spots,  each 
surrounded  by  a  more  or  less  distinct  ring  of  dusky  that  sometimes 
unite  to  form  a  band  on  the  inside.  There  is  an  irregular  black  ring  in 
central  cell  of  both  wings,  and  an  intricate  pattern  of  rings  at  base  of  both 
wings.  Beneath,  paler,  the  black  margin  absent,  but  the  sub-marginal 
crescents  show  as  light  spots  in  dark  edges ;  there  are  two  broken,  black 
bars  crossing  the  fore  wing,  usually  indicated  by  four  spots  on  the  up- 
per and  lower  margins.  Hind  wings,  pale  ocherous  with  a  more  or  less 
distinct  marginal  band  of  brownish,  that  becomes  enlarged  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing,  and  encloses  a  purplish  crescent ;  a  more  or  less  distinct 
central  band  of  brownish,  between  which  and  the  outer  margin,  is  a  row 
of  small  brown  dots  ;  the  rings  at  base  of  both  wings  show  palely. 

Morpheus  is  a  summer  form  in  which  the  markings  above  are 
heavier,  and  the  brown  below  intensified  and  extended. 

There  are  many  variations  from  the  type  in  this  species,  occurring 
throughout  its  wide  range.  Examples  from  Canada,  while  they  are 
nearly  melanotic  above,  so  great  is  the  suffusion  of  the  black,  show  a 
pale  central  band  on  fore  wings  and  are  much  paler  below,  sometimes 
very  much  so,  packardii  Saund.  being  evidently  an  extreme  case  of  this 
suffusion,  Avith  a  very  pale  under  surface.  Expands,  1.30  to  1.70.  Hab- 
itat, United  fetates,  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  north  to  British 
America,  west  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  east  to  the  Atlantic,  including  An- 
ticosti.  Winter  form  in  Noav  England  occurs  from  May  to  June,  sum- 
mer, from  July  to  September ;  in  Florida,  they  are  nearly  continuous 
throughout  the  j-ear. 

11)2.    PHYCIODES  BATESn  Reak. 

Bates'  Checker. 

Similar  to  P.  tharos  but  differs  in  having  the  black  markings  above 
very  much  extended,  so  that  the  orange  is  reduced  on  fore  wings,  to  two 
bands  of  spots,  crossing  outer  portion  of  wing ;  three  or  four  short  bars 
in  central  cell,  a  streak  on  lower  margin,  and  a  spot  near  middle  of  outer 
margin.  The  hind  wings  are  also  crossed  by  two  orange  bars,  the  outer 
containing  the  row  of  spots,  and  the  sub-marginal  crescents  are  more  or 
less  distinctly  visible.  There  are  two  spots  in  the  central  cell,  the  in- 
ner small  and  semi-circled  by  the  outer.  Beneath,  the  central  bar  cross- 
es the  wing,  with  only  a  short  bar  between  it  and  the  apex,  the  lower 
bar  being  absent  as  in  P.  phaon ;  and  there  are  three  black  crescents  on 


iJi 


I 


80 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


outer  margin.  Hind  wings  lack  the  brownish  markings,  and  the  dis- 
tinct, purplish,  single,  crescent  is  verj^palc,  with  all  the  markings  show- 
ing faintly.  Expands,  1.05  to  2.25.  Habitat,  West  Virginia,  Mary- 
land, and  from  New  York  to  Ohio.    Occurs  with  P.  tharos. 

Fig.  30. 


fed  c  b  a 

n,  hind  wing,  beneath,  M.  leanira:  b,  Bnmo,  M.  alma:  f,  same,  M.  mlnuta;  o,  samo,  PliyciodeB  nyo- 
tela ;  d,  fore  wing,  upper  side,  P.  phaon :  o,  same,  P.  piota. 

198.    PHYCIODES  PKATENSIS  Behr. 
Meadow  Checker. 

Black  above  predominates  as  in  P.  batesii,  but  differs  from  this 
species,  in  having  a  series  of  black  spots  in  the  sub-marginal  interspace 
of  both  surfaces  of  fore  wings.  Beneath,  more  like  tharos  but  with  paler 
spottings,  and  the  marginal  series  of  crescents  on  hind  wings,  are  very 
pale  and  surrounded  with  brownish.  Expands,  1.20  to  1.30.  Habitat, 
California,  Oregon  and  Arizona. 

194.    PHYCIODES  ORSEIS  Edw. 
Orseis  Checker. 

Quite  similar  to  P.  phaon  but  differs  in  having  a  row  of  black  dots 
within  the  black,  marginal  band.  Hind  wings,  have  the  whitish,  sub- 
marginal  crescents  perfect,  and  each  one  is  accompanied  on  the  inside 
by  a  black  spot,  and  the  second,  narrow,  black  band  is  more  complete. 
Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  pale  ocherous,  with  a  small,  brown  patch  on 
middle  of  upper  margin;  outer  margin  of  both  wings,  yellowish,  double 
on  middle  of  fore  wings,  and  on  whole  of  hind,  where  it  encloses  a  large, 
pale  crescent.  Remainder  of  fore  wings,  mottled  with  yellowish  and 
reddish.  Hind  wings,  with  an  intricate  pattern  of  lines,  from  the  base 
to  middle,  bounding  which  is  a  wavy  line,  and  outside  of  this,  is  a  pale 
dusky  stripe  and  a  row  of  brown  dots.  Expands  l.GO  to  1.90.  Habi- 
tat, California,  Washington  Territory,  and  Oregon. 

195.    PHYCIODES  CAMILLUS  Edw. 

Obscured  Checker. 

Similar  to  P.  tharos  in  the  darkest  phase,  but  even  more  obscured 
above,  with  the  black.  The  reddish,  marginal  crescents  show  indistinctly 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  V. 

1.    Synchloe  adjutrix.         2.    Grapta  comma.         3.     Vanessa 
milbertii.        4.    Cystineura  amymone.        5.    Pyrameis  cardui. 


I 


I 


NORTH   AMERICAN   BUTTERFUES. 


81 


isa 


excepting  the  large,  central  one.  The  spots  of  second  band  arc  greatly 
reduced,  and  all  isolated,  as  are,  in  a  great  measure,  those  of  the  cen- 
tral band,  but  these  are  i)aler  in  ctdoration  than  the  others.  The  base 
of  the  wing  is  IJack,  there  is  a  pale  band  across  central  cell,  and  two  or 
three  small,  reddish  spots  in  the  cell  on  both  wings.  Beneath,  paler 
yellow,  with  the  darker  markings  above  showing  in  orange,  and  the 
lighter  in  yellowish.  There  is  an  oblique,  black,  lino  crossing  the  end 
of  central  cell  to  middle  of  wing,  a  small,  black  patch  near  apex,  a  large 
patch  near  middle  of  lower  margin,  one  at  outer  lower  angle,  and  a  small 
one  between  the  two.  Hind  wings,  clear  yellow,  with  a  pattern  of  pale 
yellowish  red  lines  at  base,  a  reddish  line  crossing  middle  of  wing,  and 
a  rusty  patch  at  its  end  on  the  upper  bm-dcr.  Also  a  large  sub-triang- 
ular patch  of  same  color  on  middle  of  outer  margin.  There  is  a  series 
of  marginal  crescents  on  both  wings,  of  whitish,  the  central  of  which 
are  enlarged  and  yellow,  or  sometimes  silvtir  I  this  frosting  occasion- 
ally extending  to  two  or  three  other  adjacent  -aes.  Expands,  1.30  to 
1.40.     Habitat,  Colorado,  Montana,  and  Kansas. 

195a.  I'liYciODESCAj-iLLUS  I'ALLii  '  rjldw.  IS  a  pa"!.'  form,  showing 
all   f  the  markings  of  the  type,  but  with  the  black  above  less  extended. 

1!) '»b.  Phyciodes  CAJiiLLUS  MATA  Real: .  is  exceedingly  pale  above, 
insomuch  so,  that  the  dark  markings  are  scarcely  perceptable.  Below, 
it  is  almost  uniform  pale  yellow,  with  the  dark  markhigs  showing  faintly 
in  orange,  and  the  black  spottings  nearly,  or  quite,  obsolete.  Habitat, 
Colorado,  Montana,  Texas,  and  Kansas. 

Note.  For  further  description  and  notes  on  genus  Phyciodes,  see 
Appendix. 

196.  PHYCIODES  MYLITTA  Edw. 
Mylitta  Checker. 

Most  like  P.  phaon  above,  but  differs  in  having  the  crescents  on  the 
marginal  dark  band  j'ellowish  especially  the  central  of  fore  wings,  and 
the  band  across  centre  of  fore  wing  is  orange,  not  whitish.  Beneath,  the 
hind  wings  are  much  clouded  with  brown  at  base,  and  on  outer  margin, 
leaving  a  whitish,  rufous-edged  band  crossing  the  wing.  The  large  cen- 
tral crescent  is  pointed,  nearly  arrow-shaped,  and  white,  two  near  upper 
and  lower  border,  yellowish,  and  the  remainder  dark  brown.  Near  base 
of  wing  are  several  whitish,  rufous-ringed  spots.  Expan<ls  1.20  to  1.50. 
Habitat,  California,  Washington  Territory,  Arizona,  Colorado,  and 
Utah. 


82 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


197.    PIIYCIODES  MONTANA  Behr. 
Small  Mountain  Checker. 

Similar  to  P.  th;  res  in  general  markings  but  differs  above  on  fore 
wings,  in  having  the  inner  black  bands  rather  pale,  and  there  are  no 
sub-marginal  crescents.  Beneath,  on  hindAving,  the  crescents  are  pres- 
ent and  the  large  ''cntral  one  is  silvered.  Expands,  l.oO  to  1.50.  Hab- 
itat, California  and  Lake  Tahoe,  Nevada. 

lf)S.  niYClODES  PICT  A  Edw. 
Pictured  Checker. 
Similar  to  P.  phaon  but  differs  in  having  the  marginal  border  of 
wing  above,  -widened  as  far  as  the  central,  whitish  band,  and  inclosing 
two  rows  of  round,  whitish  spots.  Fig.  30,  e,  and  there  is  a  black-edged 
whitish  bar  in  central  cell.  Beneath,  the  apex  of  fore  Avingis  buff,  and 
the  hind  wing  is  buff,  with  only  slight  indications  of  markings.  Ex- 
pands, 1.00  to  1.1.">.  Habitat,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  Ne- 
braska. 


U 


GENUS  XX.  ERESIA.  SPOTTED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Differs  from  Phyciodes,  mainly  in  form  of  fore  •\vings, 
which  are  greatly  elongated,  and  in  the  prejionderance  of 
black,  relieved  only  by  a  rather  limited  amount  of  bright 
colors,  reds,  yellows,  and  orange.  Size,  small,  and  some 
of  the  species  resemble  little  Ileliconinns.  Type,  E.  frisia. 
(  Plate  IV,  5. ) 


,:i    .1 


;i    ^M 


199.    ERESIA  FRISIA  Poey. 

FloUIDA  SpOI  TKD  JiUTTiiliFLY. 

Reddish  orange  above  with  a  broad,  black  border  t'^  both  wings, 
that  on  hind,  containing  a  row  of  connected  crescents,  and  witiiin  it,  on 
foi-e  wings,  are  throe  black  l)ands,  the  first  connected  with  the  second 
below  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  the  third  and  fourth  connected  from 
the  middle  vein  to  the  up;ier  margin  ;  these  last  two  bands  continuing 
very  fiiintly  across  the  hind  wings,  and  then,  on  both  wings,  are  four 
undulating,  more  or  less  distinct,  lines,  connected  in  places  by  cn^ss  lines. 
The  intersjiaces  between  the  bands  arc  paler  thnn  the  remaining  gnnind 
color.  Beneath,  the  basal  half  of  wing  is  reddish  orange,  with  four  or 
five  large,  buffish  spots,  the  outer  half  brown,  with  the  border  whitish, 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


83 


and  two  whitish  patches.  Hind  wings,  with  a  buff  border  on  outer 
third,  and  there  is  a  sub-terminal  row  of  buff  crescents,  in  a  brown  patch 
followed  by  a  series  of  arrow-shap  d  marks  in  broAvn,  and  the  center  of 
the  base  is  lined  with  reddish.  Expands,  1.-40  to  1.50.  Habitat,  Cu- 
ba and  Key  West,  Florida. 

200.    ERESTA  TEXANA  Edw. 

Texas  Spotted  Butterfly. 

Blackish  brown  above :  wings  mottled  Avith  reddish  brown  at  base 
of  both  wings,  and  sprinkled  with  white  dots  that  form,  on  fore  wings, 
an  interrupted,  sub-marginal  band  of  four  spots  across  end  of  cell,  two 
in  cell  and  two  below  it.  Hind  wings  have  a  decided  row  of  white  spots 
across  the  middle,  and  a  sub-marginal  row  of  faintly  defined  crescents. 
Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  ochery  yellow  at  base,  then  dark  brown,  becom- 
ing paler  on  apex  and  outer  margin.  There  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of 
crescents,  and  the  white  spots  seen  above  are  larger.  Hind  wings  have 
the  outer  margin  broadly  edged  Avith  brownish  that  contains  a  sub-mar- 
ginal row  of  Avhitish  crescents,  the  third  from  the  bottom  being  largest ; 
a  Avhite  band  crosses  the  middle  of  the  Aving,  and  Avithin  this,  the  base 
is  buff  and  Avhite  Avith  an  intricate  pattern  of  dark  lines.  Expands,  1. 
50.    Habitat,  Texas  and  Nebraska. 

201.    ERESIA  PUNCTATA  Edw. 

Punctured  Butterfly. 

AboA'e,  reddish  orange  Avith  a  patch  on  upper  border,  near  apex,  of 
yelloAv,  and  a  large,  yelloAv  spot  near  this,  with  a  smaller  spot  at  its  up- 
per corner:  inside  of  this,  a  third  spot  near  the  end  of  the  central  cell,  a 
fourth  beloAV  this,  a  fifth  beloAV  this,  in  a  line  Avith  a  bent  line  that  cross- 
es the  cell,  all  yelloAV.  Hind  wings  have  a  double  scries  of  sub-margi- 
nal crescents,  preceded  by  a  yelloAv  streak  extending  from  the  loAver 
margin  to  middle  of  Aving.  A  br^ad,  yelloAv,  central  band,  narrowest 
below,  crosses  the  Aving.  There  are  indistinct,  reddish  marks  at  base, 
and  a  Avhite  spot  in  central  cell.  Expands,  1.20.  Habitat,  Arizona  and 
NcAv  Mexico. 


ii 


f  I 


GENUS  xxr. 

SYNCHLOE.     PATCHED  HUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  modiiim.     Colors,  dark,  brown  or  black,  with 
prominent  patches  of  brilliant  colors,  orange,  yellow  or 


'1 1 1 


i 


'{:\'i\ 


ly 


ki^ 


84 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


scarlet.  Fore  wings,  elongated  and  rather  pointed.  Hind 
wings,  short  and  rounded.  Antennae,  about  two-thirds  as 
long  as  body,  terminating  in  a  rounded  club.  Type,  S.  ja- 
NAis.     (Plate,  V,  1.) 

202.    SYNCIILOE  JANAIS  Dru. 

Crimson-patched  Butterfly. 

Black  above,  with  a  sub-marginal  row  of  white  dots  on  fore  wings, 
and  one  on  upper  margin  of  hind ;  four  near  end  of  central  cell,  three 
within  it  near  middle,  and  two  below  it,  one  near  base  of  wing  and  one 
in  the  middle.  Hind  wings,  with  a  large,  central  patch  of  crimson.  Be- 
neath, also  black,  with  a  double  series  of  sub-marginal  white  dots ;  three 
dots  at  end  of  cell,  three  within  it  in  a  line  parellel  with  the  veins,  and 
two  below  the  cell.  Two  enlarged,  sub-marginal,  white  spots  near  cen- 
ter of  outer  border  of  hind  wing,  and  within  this,  a  row  of  white  dots, 
the  upper  and  lowest  of  which  are  the  largest.  Central  spot,  with  the 
inner  two  thirds,  yellow,  inclosing  four  black  spots  near  its  base.  Ex- 
pands, 2.25.  Habitat,  Washita  Valley,  Texas  and  southward  to  Mex- 
ico and  Central  America. 

203.    SYNCHLOE  MEDIATRIX  Feld. 
Mediator  Butterfly. 

Above,  black,  with  a  band  of  pale  reddish  j'ellow,  crossing  center 
of  both  wings;  two  spots  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wing,  and  one  within  it, 
white.  There  is  a  narrow  band  of  faintly  defined  spots,  and  beside  it, 
are  a  number  of  small  dots.  There  is  a  double  row  of  small  white  spots 
of  equal  size  on  outer  border.  Hind  wings  have  three  e»iual  bands  of 
sub-marginal,  reddish  spots,  often  confluent  on  outer  portion,  within 
which  are  white  dots.  Beneath,  with  markings  more  diluted  on  f  )re 
wings,  spotted  about  equally  with  yellow  and  white,  and  on  hind  wings, 
most  of  the  spots  are  white.     Habitat,  Texas  and  southward. 

204.    SYNCHLOE  ADJUTRIX  Scud. 
Allied  Bitterfly. 
Closely  allied  to  S.  mediatrix,  differing  mainly  from  it  in  having  the 
central  band  of  yellow  on  hind  wings,  broadest  in  the  middle.    Expands, 
1.80.    Habitat,  Texas.    . 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


85 


205.  SYNCIILOE  ERODYLE  Bates. 
Bates'  Patched  Butterfly. 
Black  above,  fore  wings  with  seven  white  spots  of  various  sizes, 
arranged  in  a  rude  circle  at  end  of  cell,  and  a  curved  row  of  six  similar 
spots,  but  of  more  uniform  size,  between  these  and  the  outer  margin, 
and  two  near  base.  Hind  wings,  with  a  sub-basal,  yellow  patch,  divided 
by  the  black  veins  and  by  two  small,  black  spots  entering  within  the 
central  cell.  There  are  two  red  spots  near  outer,  lower  angle.  Beneath, 
similar,  but  spots  at  apex  of  fore  wings  are  yellow,  and  a  vermillion  streak 
on  upper  margin  of  base,  and  the  j-ellow  patch  at  base  of  hind  wing,  are 
more  divided  by  the  black  spots,  and  there  are  additional  red  spots  in  cen- 
ter of  wing,  and  a  sub-marginal  row  of  yellow ;  one  yellow  spot  between 
the  two  pairs  of  red ;  two  above  the  middle  pair,  and  a  row  of  yellow 
spots  between  these  and  the  yellow  base.  Expands,  2.00.  Habitat, 
Texas  and  southAvard. 

20G.    SYNCHLOE  CROCALE  Edw. 

WlIITE-BAXDED   BUTTERFLY. 

Black  above,  fringed  with  white,  interrupted  at  veins.  A  sub-mar- 
ginal row  of  dots  on  fore  wings,  four  large  spots  on  end  of  central  cell, 
a  dot  outside  the  lowest,  two  dots  below  it,  and  a  spot  near  middle  of 
lower  border,  with  a  dot  above  it,  all  white.  There  is  a  band  of  seven 
spots  crossing  middle  of  hind  wings,  Fig.31,  i.  Beneath,  also  black, 
spots  on  fore  wings  repeated,  with  an  additional  marginal  row  of  crescents 
and  a  spot  within  the  larger  one  on  loAvcr  border,  and  basal  portion  of 
upper  border,  reddish.  Band  on  middle  of  hind  wing  enlarged  and  yel- 
lowish, and  the  spots  are  confluent ;  spot  outside  of  band,  near  border, 
and  a  basal  line  yellowish,  and  a  submarginal  band  of  yelloM-ish  crescents. 
Female  with  the  spot  on  lower  border  of  hind  wing  reddish,  and  there 
are  two  rather  indistinct  bars  of  reddish  between  the  basal  and  central 
bands.    Habitat,  Arizona. 


1 


GENUS  XXII.     CYSTINEURA. 

SHORT-BODIED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  small.  Colors,  pale  red  lish  or  yellowish,  with- 
out prominent  markings.  Antennae,  not  half  as  long  as 
fore  wing.  Fore  wings,  elongated  and  trianguhir.  Hind 
wings,  short  and  triangular.  Typi:,  C.  amymone.  (Plate 
V,  4.) 


¥ 


I  I  i 


I 


! 


86 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


207.    CYSTINEURA  AMYMONE  Men. 

Amymone  Butterfly. 
White  above  on  fore  wings,  dusky  at  base  and  along  upper  and  outer 
margin,  widest  on  the  latter,  where  are  inclosed  some  spots  of  pale  or- 
ange. Hind  wings,  pale  orange  fringed  with  whitish,  within  which  is 
a  black  band,  then  a  row  of  pale  bluish  crescents.  There  is  a  white  band 
crossing  center  of  wing,  widest  above ;  within  this,  is  another  wide  band ; 
base  of  wing,  dusky.  Beneath,  the  dusky  markings  of  fjre  wings  are 
replaced  by  orange,  and  the  hind  wings  are  wholly  orange,  excepting  that 
the  white  and  bluish  markings  above  are  repeated,  and  there  is  white 
between  the  two  bands.   Habitat,  Texas  and  southward.  Expands,  l.GO. 

GENUS  XXIII.     GRAPTA.     SILVER  COMMAS. 

Size,  medium  to  large.  Colors,  reddish  or  orange  above, 
prominently  marked  with  black ;  duller  below,  with  a  sil- 
very, C-shaped  mark  in  middle  of  hind  wings.  Wings, 
large,  notched,  and  the  hind  ones  are  tailed.  Antennae, 
fjhoiter  than  the  short  body,  with  the  club  flattened  and 
suddenly  enlarged.  H\bernates  as  a  perfect  insect.  Type, 
G.  COMMA.     (  Plate  Y,  2. ) 

208.  GRAPTA  INTERROGATIONIS  Fab. 
Semicolon  Butterfly. 
Size,  larger  than  G.  comma ;  color  above,  brighter,  border  of  fore 
wings  not  as  black  as  the  other  markings,  broad,  and  not  as  clearly  de- 
fined there  are  seven  black  spots,  instead  of  six,  Fig.  31,  h,  and  the  sil- 
ver C  on  lower  side  of  hind  wing  is  divided,  forming  a  more  or  loss  dis- 
tinct ;,  Fig.  ol,  hh.  Umbuosa,  Lint.,  is  the  summer  form,  with  the 
hind  wings  much  obscured  with  dusky.  Expands,  2.(X)  to  2.75.  Hab- 
itat, United  States,  excepting  Pacific  States,  also  Ontario,  Quebec,  and 
Nova  Scotia.    Occurs  in  June,  August,  and  September. 

209.    ORAPTA  COMMA  Harr. 

Comma  Butterfly. 

Plate  V,  2. 

Above,  reddish  orange,  with  outer  margin  of  both  wings  bordered 

with  black,  well  defined  on  inner  edge  of  fore  wings ;  within  this,  at  apex, 

is  a  triangular  patch,  outside  the  point  of  wliich,  are  two  black  dots, 

encircled  with  a  yellowish  bar  across  end  of  central  cell,  and  two  spots 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


87 


■within  it,  three  spots  in  wing,  below  cell,  and  a  triangle  in  lower,  outer 
angle,  all  black.  Hind  wings  have  the  marginal  border  not  well  defined, 
being  dusky  within,  and  inclosing  a  row  of  yellowish  spots,  clearer  on 
basal  half,  and  enclosing  about  three  black  spots.  Beneath,  banded 
and  lined  with  yellowish,  dusky,  whitish,  and  brownish,  the  general 
effect  being  brownish.     The  silver  C  is  entire.  Fig,  ;J1,  g. 

Dryas  is  the  summer  form,  with  the  hind  wings  much  obscured 
with  dusky  above,  and  with  a  j^ellowish  overwashing.  A  variety  has 
the  lower  side  of  wings,  grayish,  much  as  in  C.  progne,  but  the  G  is 
always  wider  than  in  that  species.  Expands,  l.-iL'to  2.20,  Habitat, 
Eastern,  Middle,  and  North-western  States,  also  North  Carolina  and 
Tennesee,  from  Kansas  to  Texas,  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia. 
Occurs  in  June,  August,  and  September. 


b         bb  c 

a,  uppf^rfi^le,  hind  wing,  Grapta  Ei'phyrus:  aa,  C  of  same  species;  (C's  occur  on  lower  side  of 
hind  wiii<,'s.)l),  upjier  side,  fore  wing,  G.  faunus;  hh,  C  of  same  species:  c,  hind  wing,  upper  side, 
O,  ruslicus;  cc,  C  of  same  species :  d,  fore  wing,  upper  side,  G.  satyius  ;  dd,  C  of  sumo  species :  o, 
antennae  ( enlarged  )  G.  intorrogationis :  li,  fore  wing,  upper  side,  same  species:  hli,  C  of  same  si)ecies: 
g,  CofG.  cnmnia;.!,  fore  wing,  upper  side,  G.  hy!;is ;,),),  C  of  same  species:  k,  hind  wing,  upper  side, 
G.  gracilis;  klc.  C  of  same  species  :f  ui)per  side,  fore  wing,  Phyciodes  vesta;  i,  hind  wing,  uppersido, 
Pynchloe  croeale. 

210.    GRAPTA  SATYRUS  Edw. 

Satyrid  Butterfly. 
About  the  size  of  G.  comma  much  brighter  orange,  even  than  in- 
terrogatiunis ;  the  marginal  border  is  narrow,  often  being  represented  by 
a  fc'eries  of  scarcely  confluent  spots,  there  are  six  spots  on  wing,  but  the 
lowest,  is  larger  than  in  G.  comma.  Hind  wings,  have  the  sub-marginal 
border,  so  detached,  as  scarcely  to  inclose  any  spots.  Beneath,  nmch 
as  in  comma,  but  the  C.  is  bent  in  the  middle  similar  to  that  in  progne 
but  is  not  <iuite  as  slight  as  in  that  species.    Fig.  ol,  dd. 


88 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES 


Marsyas,  is  a  dimorphic  form  in  which  the  border  is  as  distinct  and 
wide  as  in  comma,  then  the  upper  surface  bears  a  striking  resemblance 
to  that  species,  differing  only  in  greater  brilliancy  of  color  which  shows 
more  clearly  on  hind  wings.  Beneath,  the  colors  arc  much  obscured 
with  brown,  but  the  C  is  quite  like  that  of  comma.  A  variety  is  much 
suffused  with  dusky  above  and  below,  nearly  obscuring  the  markings. 
Expands.  1.  30  to  2.  00.  Habitat,  Oregon,  California,  Montana,  Col- 
orado, New  Mexico,  British  America,  Ontario,  and  Quebec.  Occurs  in 
August. 

211.    GRAPTA  HYLAS  Edw. 
Hylas  Butterfly. 
Smaller  than  C.  comma,  with  the  margin  of  wings  more  incised, . 
and  the  tails  of  hind  pai;-,  broad,  much  as  in  faunus,  and  the  outer  bor- 
der above  is  broad,  as  in  that  species ;  the  spots  in  the  central  cell  of 
fore  Aving  are  inclined  to  fusion,  and  the  spots  are  distinct,  Fi;^'.  ol,  j. 
On  hind  wings,  the  border  incloses  a  row  of  light  spots,  as  in  fiiunus. 
Beneath,  gray,  as  in  progne,  with  the  C  bent  in  the  middle,  similar,  but 
very  slight,  Fig.  31,  jj.    Expands,  1.70  to  1.80.    Habitat,  Colorado. 


ft' 


i8»  f 

14 


i,: 


fi 


m 


i 


k 


212.    GRAPTA  RUSTICUS  Edw. 
Rustic  Butterfly. 

Size  and  form  of  faunus,  the  incisions  of  outer  border  being  deep, 
and  the  tails  broad;  markings  also  similar  but  not  as  dark,  being  rather 
more  reddish  brown,  and  the  inner  edge  of  the  bordering  on  liind  wing, 
is  more  clearly  defined,  while  there  is  less  black  within  the  light  spots, 
Fig.  ol,  c.  Beneath,  the  colors  are  fewer  and  more  clearly  defined ;  thus 
the  outer  half  of  wings  is  grayish,  the  inner,  brown,  and  the  greenish 
spots  are  larger  and  light  edged.  The  C  is  bent  and  slight.  Fig.  31,  cc. 
Expands,  2.00  to  2.10.    Habitat,  California  and  Vancouver's  Island. 

213.  GRAPTA  FAUNUS  Edw. 
Green-luxded  Co.aima. 
Size  of  C.  comma,  but  differs  in  having  the  outer  border  of  wings, 
more  deci)ly  inscribed,  the  tails  of  hind  pair  broader,  the  black  border 
wider,  and  all  of  the  spots  large  and  distinct,  the  two  in  central  cell  of 
fore  wing  being  usually  fused  together,  and  there  is  a  seventh  spot  on 
this  wing,  in  the  angle  of  the  lower  branches  of  the  middle  vein.  Fig. 
31,  b;  the  line  of  demarkation,  alung  inner  edge  of  black  border  of  hind 
wings,  is  better  defined,  leaving  a  clearer  basal  interspace.     Beneath 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


89 


the  colors  are  darker  than  in  comma,  with  greenish  markings  on  outer 
half  of  wings.  The  C  is  much  as  in  comma.  Expands,  2.00  to  L'.oG. 
Habitat,  Mountains  of  New  England  and  New  York,  with  the  northern 
portion,  Michigan,  Nebraska,  Washington  Territory  ;  British  America, 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  occasionally,  West  Virginia  to  Geor- 
gia.   Occurs  in  July  and  August. 

214.  GRAPTA  SILVIUS  Edw. 

Woodland  Comma. 

Wings,  deeply  incigerl  as  in  G.  faunus.  Yellowish  orange  above, 
with  black  bonjw  narrowon  fore  wing,  wider  behind.  Spots  on  fore 
wings  as  in  e(5rnma.  There  is  a  series  of  yellowish  spots  in  outer  black 
border  of  hind  wings,  this  border  being  well  defined  on  inner  edge.  The 
spots  on  inner  portion  are  small.  Beneath,  yellowish  brown,  faintly 
sti'caked  with  darker  brown  and  grayish.  The  C  is  angular,  with  the 
lower  portion  thickest.    Expands,  1.90  to  2.00.    Habitat,  California. 

215.  GRAPTA  ZEPIIYRUS  Edw. 

Zei'iira  Butterfly. 

Size  of  C.  comma  but  with  marginal  inscriptions  rather  deeper,  and 
color  rather  more  orange.  The  marginal  border  is  not  as  dark  in  shade 
as  in  comma,  especially  on  hind  wings,  but  the  inner  sub-marginal  band 
is  present,  inclosing  a  row  of  yellowish  spots  on  both  wings.  Inner 
markings  on  fore  wings,  as  in  comma,  but  those  on  hind  pair  are  much 
more  slight.  Fig.  ol,  a.  Beneath,  decidedly  grey,  much  as  in  progne, 
but  there  is  a  brown  central  band,  not  seen  in  that  species,  and  same 
yellowish  spots  on  outer  portion  of  both  wings,  with  a  rather  yellowish 
cast  to  the  entire  surface,  and  there  are  three  elongated  spots  in  central 
cell  of  fore  wings.  Expands,  1.80  to  2.00.  Habitat,  Montana,  and 
Nevada  to  Mexico,  also  Arizona,  Utah,  California,  and  Oregon.  Oc- 
curs in  August. 

210.    GRATA  GRACILIS  Gr.-Rob. 
Brown-banded  Comma. 

Size  of  G.  comma,  but  the  palest  of  all  our  species  of  the  genus, 
being  pale  yellowish  orange;  the  markings  above  are  about  as  in  comma, 
but  brown,  not  black :  the  border  band  is  pale,  narrow,  and  inconspicu- 
ous, this  being  especially  noticeable  on  hind  wings,  where  the  markings 
are  small  but  distinct.  Fig.  <>1,  k.  Bcneatli,  the  outer  half  of  wings  is 
pale  grayish  brown,  darker  brown  on  inner  half  with  a  band  of  clearer 
brown  crossingmiddlcof  wings,  andf  )nninga  dividing  line  between  the 
two  shades.    The  C  is  about  intermediate  betAveen  that  of  comma  and 


t  ! 


90 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


progne,  Fig.  31,  aa.    Expands,  1.80  to  2.00.    Habitat,  White  Mount- 
ains of  New  Hampshire,  Quebec,  British  America,  and  Alaska. 

217.  GRAPTA  SILENUS  Edw. 

SiLExus  Comma. 

Form  and  size  of  Cx.  comma,  but  with  the  deep  color  and  heavy  mark- 
ings above  of  faunus.  Beneath,  color  is  quite  similar  to  that  of  progne, 
being  decidedly  gray  but  very  dark,  and  with  a  well  defined  blackish 
band  crossing  central  portion  of  wings,  Fig.  i]2,  a:  C  as  in  progne. 

Oreas  is  a  darker,  dimorphic  form.  Expands,  2.20  to  2.80.  Hab- 
itat, California,  Montana,  Washington  Territory  and  Vancouver's  Is- 
land. 

218.  GRAPTA  PROGNE  Cram. 
Gray-winged  Comma. 

Size  of  G.  comma,  resembles  the  dark  form  of  that  species  some- 
what above,  in  having  the  hind  wings  very  much  obscured  with  dusky, 
Fig.  o2,  b,  but  the  marginal  band  of  fore  wing  is  as  wide  as  that  of 
faunus,  tliough  the  spots  in  the  central  cell  are  not  fused.  Beneath, 
differs  from  any  of  our  species,  in  being  uniformly  grayish,  without  any 
decided  wide  bandings  anywhere.  The  C  is  very  narrow  and  angular, 
Fig.  ;)2,  bb.  Expands,  1.80  to  2.20.  Habitat,  Northern  and  Western 
States,  British  America  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  to  Nova  Scotia,  and 
Southern  Labrador. 

219.  GRAPTA  J  ALBUM  Bd.-Lec. 
White  J  Butterfly. 
Larger  than  comma,  and  quite  unlike  any  other  of  our  species  in 
markings.  F'ore  Avings,  briglit  reddish  orange,  lighter  in  spots  and  dark- 
er at  base ;  three  lines  of  spots  on  outer  margin,  the  inner  of  connected 
crescents,  and  within  these,  are  eight  large  spots  of  black,  Fig.  32,  c. 
Hind  wings,  rather  duller,  with  a  lighter  margin,  which  is  crossed  by 
two  rusty  lines  or  bands,  that  enclose  lighter,  crescent-shaped  spots. 
Within  these,  on  upper  margin,  is  a  white  spot,  followed  by  a  black  one. 
Beneath,  ashy  white,  banded  on  outer  margin  with  dusky,  inside  of  which 
is  a  line  of  black-bordered,  bluish  crescents,  and  inside  this,  is  a  wide 
space  of  whitish,  spotted  and  transversely  marked  with  brownish ;  white 
in  this,  is  a  narrow,  zigzag,  umber  line,  and  the  space  within  this  is 
banded,  lined,  and  spotted  with  brown  and  umber.  White  J  as  in  Fig. 
32,  cc.  Expands,  2.50  to  3.2.1  Haliitat,  Northern  States,  (rare  in 
Eastern  Massachusetts)  British  America  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  to  No- 
va Scotia  aiiil  Soutliern  Labrajlor. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


01 


it- 


k- 
e, 
ill 


b- 

s- 


GENUS  XXIV. 
YANESSA.     PICTUKED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  medium  to  large.  Colors  reddish  or  dark  above, 
often  banded  or  spotted .  duller  below,  without  the  silvery 
C  in  middle  of  hind  wing.  Wings  large,  scalloped,  not 
notched.  Palpi  and  body,  densely  hairy.  Antennae, 
shorter  than  the  body,  with  the  club  suddenly  enhirged. 
Hibernates  as  a  perfect  insect.     Type,   V.  milbertii.  (Plate 

y,  3.) 


220.    VANESSA  ANTIOPA  Linn. 

Yellow-bohdered  Butterfly. 

Size,  larger  than  that  of  the  type.  Deep  purplish  brown  above, 
bordered  on  outer  margin  of  both  wings  with  yellow,  in  which  arc  black 
transverse  markings,  w  ithin  this,  is  a  black  band,  in  which  is  a  row  of 
purplish  si)Ots,  and  within  this,  on  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  are  two 
yellow  spots,  and  this  margin  is  black,  finely  marked  with  yellow,  Fig. 
S2,  d.  Beneath,  shinhig  black,  marked  Avith  black  in  narrow,  zigzag 
lines,  the  yellow  border  is  present  but  paler,  and  also  the  spots  at  apex 
of  fore  wings,  but  reduced  in  size.  Expands,  2.40  to  3. GO.  Habitat^ 
whole  of  North  America.  Lintnerii  Fitch,  is  a  reversion,  with  the  out- 
er yellow  border  widened,  paler  in  color,  and  Avithout  purple  sub-margin- 
al spots. 

221  VANESSA  CALIFORNICA  Bd. 
Calafornia  Pictured  Butterfly. 
Size  of  V.  milbertii,  reddish  orange  on  fore  wings,  with  three  con- 
spicous  black  spots,  on  upper  border  of  fore  wing,  and  three  black  spots, 
on  wing  below  them.  There  is  a  snb-apical  whitish  spot,  and  both  wings 
are  bordered  with  black,  without  Idue  sp-  )t-j.  Beneath,  duller,  brownish 
at  base  of  wings,  with  a  black,  zigzag,  dividing  line.  Habitat,  California, 
Oregon,  Nevada,  and  Colorado. 

222.    VANESSA  MILBERTII  Godt. 
INIilbert's  Butterfly. 
Dark  reddish  brown  above,  with  a  sub-marginal  band  of  reddish 
orange,  paler  within,  divided  on  upi)er  border  of  fure  wing  by  a  brown 
spot,  and  the  outer  division  is  whitish,  within  this,  on  f  )re  wings,  are 


M 


92 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


two  black-ringed  orange  spots.  Tlie  outer  brown  margin  has  a  line 
of  connected,  reddish  spots,  on  fore  wings,  and  on  hind  pair,  a  row  of 
bluish  crescents.  Bcneatli,  duller,  with  numerous,  transverse  streaks 
of  black,  and  a  dividing,  central  line  of  black.  Expands,  l.dO  to  2.25. 
Habitat,  Northern  States  to  Montana;  Colorado,  Arizona,  Pacific  States; 
British  America  to  Nova  Scotia  ;  Newfoundland. 

GENUS  XXV. 

PYRAMEIS.     PAINTED  BUTTERFLIES. 

Size,  vsmall.  Colors  bright,  and  the  sexes  are  not  dis- 
similar. Antennae,  about  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  body, 
with  the  club  enlarging  suddenly,  but  pointed  terminally. 
Dillers  from  Vanessa  in  having  the  Avings  very  ansrular, 
and  the  club  of  the  antennae  rather  more  jiointed.  Type, 
P,  CARDUi.     (Plate  V,  5.) 

22;J.'   PYRAMEIS  ATLANTA  Linn. 

Red  Admiral. 

Dark  velvety  brown  above,  with  a  band  of  brilliant  orange  vermil- 
ion crossing  the  fore  wing  diagonally,  outside  of  which  the  wing  is 
black,  and  in  the  apex  are  six  white  spots,  arranged  as  in  Fig.  o2,  c, 
where  there  is  a  very  slight  indication  of  a  bluish  sub-marginal  band. 
Hind  wings  with  a  patch  in  middle  of  outer  margin,  bright  orange,  con- 
taining four  dots  of  black.  On  inner  angle  of  wings,  is  a  black  spot,  en- 
closing a  blue  center.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings  the  ground  color  is  black, 
the  vermilion  band  is  repeated,  but  lighter  at  the  ends;  within  it  in  cen- 
tral cell,  is  a  narrow  band  of  vermilion,  within  this  a  blue  band,  the 
basal  upper  margin  is  motded  with  blue  and  there  is  a  rude  circle  of  blue 
outside  of  the  vermilion  band.  Three  of  the  inner  white  spots  are  re- 
peated, and  beyond  these  the  apex  is  grayish,  containing  double  black- 
ringed  white  spots.  Hind  wings  marbled  with  black,  brown,  violet,  and 
yellowish,  showing  greenish  reflections.  There  are  f  )ur  greenish  black- 
ringed  spots  with  black,  white  centered  pupils,  and  there  is  a  yellowish 
spot  on  the  middle  of  the  upper  margin.  Expands  2.oOto  o.QO.  Habi- 
tat, North  America  generally. 

224.    PYRAMEIS  HUNTERA  Fab. 

Hunter's  Butterfly. 
Size  about  that  of  the  type,  P,  cardui,  and  there  is  a  general  re- 
semblance, but  it  differs  in  having  a  white  dot  in  the  outer  red  spot  be- 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


98 


ne 

of 
ks 
o. 


tvrcen  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the  middle  vein  of  fore  wing. 
Beneath,  there  are  only  two  eye  spots  on  hind  wings  instead  of  four,  and 
these  are  large  and  prominent.  Fig.  S'2,  b.  Expands,  l.!*")  to  o.71.  Hab- 
itat of  this  and  the  following  species,  North  America  generally. 

225.    PYRAMEIS  CARDUI  Linn. 

Thistle  Butterfly. 
Plate  V,  5. 
Size,  medium.  Dark  brown  above,  with  six  white  spots  in  apex  of 
fore  wings,  and  with  sputtings  and  markings  in  orange  as  given  in  the 
plate.  Beneath,  the  fore  wings  are  marked  much  as  above,  but  the 
orange  becomes  crimson  lake,  the  brown  is  paler,  the  apex  of  the  wings 
is  grayish,  and  the  white  spottings  are  enlarged.  Ilind  wings  brownish 
with  an  intricate  net-work  of  yellowish  white  and  with  four  black  cen- 
tered eye  spots,  ringed  inwardly,  first  with  blue,  then  with  black,  then 
with  brown,  followed  with  yellow  and  black.  The  spots  are  not  large, 
and  the  two  middle  are  smaller  than  the  two  outer.  These  three  species 
of  the  genus  occur  all  the  year  in  the  warmer  sections,  and  at  intervals 
from  May  until  August,  in  the  latitude  of  Massachusetts  and  northward. 

22G.    PYRAMEIS  CARYE  Hub. 

Carye  Butterfly. 
Generally  similar  to  P.  cardui,  but  differs  in  having  only  four  small 
white  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings,  the  larger  being  replaced  by  one  of 
orange.  The  other  orange  markings  of  the  wing  are  more  broken  into 
spots,  there  being  five  of  these,  arranged  as  in  Fig.  o2  a,  where  the  upper 
side  of  fore  whig  is  given.  On  the  hind  wing  the  black  spots  are  blue 
pupiled,  the  orange  is  clearer  and  more  extended  toward  base  of  wing. 
Beneath,  on  fore  wing,  the  markings  are  repeated,  but  there  are  four 
black  spots  in  central  cell,  the  upper  of  which  is  a  bar  and  largest.  On 
hind  wungs  the  four  eye  spots  are  uniform  in  size,  crowded  together,  and 
single  ringed  with  brownish,  not  double  ringed.  Expands  2.00  to  2.50. 
Habitat,  California,  southward  to  Chili,  Arizona  and  Nevada. 

GENUS  XXVI     JUNONIA.     EYED  WINGS. 

Size  mediunL  Colors,  dull,  \vitli  prominent  bright 
spottings  and  eye  spots.  Antennae,  about  two-thirds  the 
length  of  the  body,  enlarged  suddenly  as  in  the  last  genus, 
but  it  differs  in  being  rounded  terminally,  not  pointed.  Al- 
so differs  from  Pyrameis  in  having  the  front  legs  eompara- 


94 


NORTH   AMLiaCAN   CLTTEllFLIES. 


i»! 


tivelv  Tiakcd,  not  covered  Avith  lonir  liairs     Tvpf,  T.  coe- 
KiA.  '  (Plate  VT,  1.) 

227.    JUNONIA  COENIA  lliu. 
Buckeye  Uutterely. 

Size,  medium.     Above,  yellowish  brown  with  two  eye  spots  on  outer 
portion  of  both  wings,  the  upper,  on  fore  wings,  being  somewhat  incon- 
spicuous and  colored  as  in  the  plate.     There  is  an  oblique  band  of  yel- 
lowish buff  crossing  apex  of  fore  wing,  and  within  the  central  cell  are 
two  black-encircled  spots  of  orange.     There  is  a  double  sub-marginal 
band  of  yellowish  buff  on  both  wings,  within  which  on  hhid  wings,  and 
on  the  lower  portion  of  fore  wings  is  a  band  of  orange.     Beneath,  on  fore 
wings  paler,  with  the  markings  repeated,  but  the  orange  bars  in  central 
cell  are  enlarged,  and  there  is  a  third  bar  at  the  base  of  the  wing  and  a 
space  below  the  cell  is  suffused  with  orange.     Apex  of  wings  marbled 
with  rufous,  and  the  small  eye  si)ot  is  sometimes  double.     Ilhid  wings 
dark  yellowish  buff  crossed  with  numerous  lines  of  rufous,  which  show 
a  tendency  in  many  specimens  to  mass  together  near  the  outer  portion 
of  the  wing,  over  the  eye  spots  which  are  small,  sometimes  being  repre- 
sented by  mere  dots,  at  other  times  larger,  with  the  upper  double  and 
with  two  intermediate  dots.     An  extremely  variable  species,  regarding 
size  of  eye  spots  and  other  markings.     Expands  1.75  to  2.20.     Habitat, 
Middle  and  Southern  States,  West,  to  the  Pacific ;  rather  rare  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  occasional  in  Maine  and  Ontario.     Occurs  in  June  and 
July  in  the  north,  and  all  the  year  in  the  extreme  south. 

227a.  JuNONiA  COENIA  ORYTiiiA  Sm-Abb.  Similar  to  the  type,  but 
differs  above,  in  being  much  darker  with  all  of  the  markings  clearer, 
but  is  lighter  below.     Habitat,  Southern  States. 

228.    JUNONIA  GENOVEVA  Cram. 
Genoveve's  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  J.  cocnia  but  differs  in  being  rather  more  reddish  above, 
and  in  having  the  ujiper  eye  spots  on  both  wings  above  but  little  larger 
than  the  other  pair,  see  Fig.  'do,  a,  where  is  givei.  a  cut  of  the  upper  side 
of  hind  wing.  The  color  of  the  spots  in  the  central  cell  of  fore  wing 
is  reddish  orange,  not  orange,  and  the  same  color  tints  the  remainder  of 
the  cell,  and  all  of  the  light  space  around  eye  spots,  excepting  portion 
between  them,  is  also  orange.  Upper  eye  spot  of  hind  wing  is  wholly 
black,  with  a  slight  pupil.  Eye  spots  below  on  hind  wing,  always  pres- 
ent, and  a  buff  bar  crosses  the  center  of  wing.  Habitat,  Arizona  and 
southward,  and  some  of  the  West  Indies. 


NOIITII   AMEKICAN  CLTTEIIFUES. 


95 


GENUS  XXVII. 
ANARTIA.  SrOTTED  AND  BANDED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  iiicdiuiu.  Colors,  dull  whitish  cr  pale  hrown, 
banded,  Ijiit  not  conspicuously,  and  spotted  with  darker. 
Club  of  antennae,  enlargin**'  gradually.  Fore  wings,  pro- 
duced at  apex,  and  the  hind  pair  are  provided  with  ([uite 
a  prominent  angle  near  the  middle  of*  the  outer  border. 
Type,  A.  jatropliae.     (Plate,  VI,  2.) 

Fig.  82. 


a 


a,  upper  sido,  foro  winK,  ryram.is  caryo ;  c.  same,  1'.  utalauta:  b,  lower  Bide,  hind  wing,  P.  hun. 
tela:  upper  side,  liind  winff.  Vanessa  antiopa. 

229    ANARTIA  JATROPIIAE  Linn. 
Yellow  and  white  banded  butterfly. 

Size,  medium.  Above,  silvery  white,  with  a  marginal  band  on  out- 
er border  of  both  wings  enclosing  a  double  series  of  yellowish  crescents. 
Near  middle  of  upper  border  of  foro  Aving  is  an  inconspicuous  patch  of 
dusk/  brown,  from  which  a  narrow  band  of  the  same  color  crosses  the 
wing.  There  are  two  black-ringed  spots  of  yellowish  in  the  central  cell 
and  a  yellow-ringed  black  spot  in  the  space  between  second  and  third 
branches  of  the  middle  vein.  Hind  wings  with  two  yellow-ringed  black 
spots  on  outer  third,  and  a  dusky  zigzag  line  crosses  the  middle  of  the 
wing.  In  the  central  cell  are  three  dusky  bars,from  the  inner  of  which 
a  band  crosses  to  the  upper  border.  Beneath,  the  black  dots  are  repeat 
ed  and  the  dusky  markings  are  reproduced  in  orange.  Expands,  1 .50 
to  2.()0.  IIabitat,Tezas,wheie  it  is  rare,and  southward  through  Mex- 
ico and  Central  America. 

GEN  US  XXVIII.    EUREMA.    BANDED  REDS. 
Medium  to  small  in  size.     Colors  above  usually  very 
bright,  conspicuously  banded  with  darker.  Beneatli,dull. 
The  antennae  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  body.      Fore  wings 


96 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTER FI,1E.>. 


II 


\ 


,■  I 


i 


l! 


i 


I,' ' 


not  iDi'oduced  at  apex,  but  the  hind  pair  have  a  prominent 
angle,  or  tail,  near  middle  of  outer  border.  Fore  legs, 
thickly  covered  with  long  hairs.  Type,  E.  letiie,  (  Plate 
six,  3.) 

230.    EUREMA  LETHE  Fab. 
Letiie  Buttrfly. 

Size,  medium.  Above,  yellowish  orange,  with  apex  of  fore  wings 
dark  brown,  enclosing  four  spots  of  the  ground  color,  the  two  lower  of 
unequal  size,  the  outer  being  very  small,  the  upper  large,  and  reaching 
the  upper  border  of  the  wing;  the  two  outer  are  of  irregular  form,  the 
lower  being  somewhat  larger  than  the  other.  The  wing  is  margined 
with  brown,  and  a  brown  band  crosses  the  wing  diagonally  on  the  lower 
third.  Hind  wing,  with  a  short  band  of  brown  on  the  upper  angle,  and 
a  double  sub-marginal  band  of  brown,  the  enclosed  stripe  being  lighter 
than  the  surface  color.  Beneath,  pale  buff,  with  a  rufous  patch  in  the 
middle  of  outer  portion  of  fore  wing,  a  brown  patch  near  middle  of  lower 
border,  and  an  intricate  pattern  of  rufous  on  the  upper  half  of  wing. 
Hind  wing  with  an  intricate  pattern  of  rufous  at  base,  and  the  outer 
portion  of  the  wing  is  overwashed  with  rufous  and  crossed  with  a  double 
band  of  rufus  which  encloses  a  pale  stripe.  Outside  this  is  an  irregu- 
lar line  of  spots  of  rufous,  the  upper  blue-pupiled,  the  others  surrounded 
with  a  3'ellow  and  a  rufous  ring.  There  is  a  sub-marginal  band  of  gray- 
ish, beginning  at  the  tail  and  extending  along  the  inner  edge  of  the  wing. 
Expands  1.72  to  2.00.    Habitat,Texas,  where  it  is  rare,  and  southward. 

CENUS  XXIX. 
EUNICA.  VIOLACEOUS  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  small.  Colors,  rather  dull.  Antennae,  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  bodv,  with  the  club  enlardno:  ffradu- 
ally.  Front  legs  but  slightly  hairy.  Fore  wings  triangu- 
lar, upper  angle  not  produced.  Hind  wings  oval  without 
any  prominent  angles.     Type,  E.  momma.     Plate  six,  4. 

231.    EUNICA  MONIMA  Cram. 

Violet  Butterfly. 
Size,  small.     Above,  bronzy  brown  with  violet  reflections,  nnd  with 
indications  of  five  white  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings.     The  female  is  near- 
ly without  the  violet  reflections,  and  has  the  apex  of  fore  wings  dark 


> 


Ml. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


97 


brown  and  the  white  spots  prominent.  Beneath,  both  sexes  are  bronzy 
brown  with  violet  reflections,  with  a  brown  patch  in  the  middle  of  the 
fore  wings,  in  which  are  four  white  spots.  There  is  a  narrow  band  of 
brown  crossing  tip  of  fore  wing  and  three  bands  crossing  hind  wings,  the 
two  outer  have  four  yellowish-encircled  dots  between  them,  the  upper  of 
which  is  whitish  pupiled.    Expands  l.GO  to  1.75. 

GEI^US  XXX. 
TIMETES.  SABER-WINGED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium  to  large,  varying  in  color  from  orange 
to  brown  above,  often  banded  with  darker  Antennae 
nearly  as  long  as  the  body.  Fore  wings  triangular,  with 
the  apex  much  produced  and  bent  downward.  Hind  wings 
also  triangular  and  provided  with  two  tails,  the  outer  of 
which  is  much  the  longest^  Type  T.  coresia   (Plate  VI,  5.) 

232.  TIMETES  CORESIA  Godt. 

Brown  and  White  Saber-wing. 

Size,  medium.  Above,  velvety  brown,  with  pux'plish  luster,  palest 
basally,  where  are  four  faint  bands  of  darker  on  fore  wings,  and  two  on 
hind.  Outer  margin  purplish  brown,  within  which  is  a  fainter  band  of 
purplish.  Tliere  is  a  marginal  band  of  dark  brown  that  encloses  a  line 
of  reddish,  which  becomes  bright  at  inner  angle,  and  extends  down  into 
the  short  tail.  There  are  two  black  crescents  near  inner  angle.  Be- 
neath, outer  portion  of  both  wings  violaceous  brown,  with  pale  bronzy  re- 
flections. Patch  in  apex  of  fore  wings  and  marginal  band,  paler,  the 
latter  enclosing  a  reddish  line  as  above.  The  brown  is  furrowed  by  a 
saolloped  Idack  line,  against  which  rests  a  line  of  golden  red,  with  the 
inner  edge  straight  and  the  space  between  this  and  the  base  of  the  wings 
is  silvery  v  liitc,  crossed  by  three  lines  of  reddish,  the  outer  reaching 
nearly  t''  the  lower  edge  of  the  hind  wings,  the  next  is  a  little  shorter, 
and  the  third  (|)iite short.  Body  beneath,  legs,  and  lower  side  of  palpi 
white.  Exi)and3  l.oO.   Habitat,  Texas,  where  it  is  rare,  and  southward. 

233.  TIMETES  PETREUS  Cram. 

Orange  Saber-wing. 

Size,  large.  Apex  of  fore  wings  much  produced  and  bent.  Fig.  33. 
b.  Outer  tail  .GOlong,  inner,  ,20.  Above,  bright  reddish  orange  with 
the  upper  margin  of  fore  wings  bordered  with  dusky,  more  widely  toward 


98 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


i    I 


r'^l 


apex.  There  are  three  black  bands  crossing  both  wings,  and  two  or 
three  in  central  cell  of  fore  wings.  On  the  hind  wings  the  outer  band 
is  doubled,  enclosing  an  orange  line  that  becomes  white  on  upper  border, 
where  the  band  is  considerably  widened.  There  is  a  dusky  margin  to 
hind  wings,  covering  both  tails,  and  this  is  darkened  in  the  middle,  while 
this  dark  center  sends  a  band  on  to  the  fore  wings,  which  fades  toward 
the  apex.  The  long  tail  has  a  white  dot  at  tip,  and  above  the  short  tail 
is  a  double  bluish  ringed  black  spot,  and  above  this  another  with  two 
rings,  and  above  this  a  black  dot.  Beneath,  pale  brown  with  violet  re- 
flections and  the  lines  are  faintly  indicated  in  darker.  There  is  a  line 
of  points  in  outer  portion  of  both  wings.  Expands  o.OO  to  3.25.  Hab- 
itat, Indian  River,  Florida,  and  southward. 

Fig.  33. 


a  b  c 

a,  hind  wing,  upper  side,  Junonia  genovpva;  h,  fore  wing,  upper  side,  Timctes  petreus;  c 
same,  T.  eleucha. 

234.  TIMETES  ELEUCHA  Doubl.-Hew. 
Short  Saber-wixg. 
Size,  large.  Similar  to  T.  petrous,  but  differs  in  having  the  apex 
of  fore  wing  not  nearly  as  much  produced ;  the  second  band  is  bent  as 
seen  in  Fig.  33  c,  the  double  band  on  hind  wings  is  not  greatly  widened 
on  upper  border,  and  there  is  no  white  enclosed,  the  marginal  band  on 
hind  wings  is  slight  and  double,  but  heavier  and  more  extended  on  fore 
pair,  there  are  three  brownish  eye  spots  near  inner  angle,  black-pupiled 
and  white-ringed,  and  lastly  the  tails  are  shorter ;  outer  about  .40,  in- 
ner, .15. 

235.  TIMETES  CHIRON  Fab. 
Chiron  Saber-wing. 
Size  of  T,  coresia  but  the  apex  of  fore  wings,  although  produced,  is 
not  bent  as  much.  Fig.  34,  a.  Brown  .-s  in  coresia,  but  l)oth  wings  are 
crossed  •  ,ith  four  yelhjwish  brown  bands  above ;  tliere  are  five  dots  in  a- 
pex  of  fore  wings  and  an  extra  eye  spot  in  inner  angle  of  hind  wings. 
Beneath,  the  light  lines  are  repeated  in  violaceous,  and  the  white  base 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


99 


eye  spot 


of  the  -wings  is  crossed  with  four  orange  bands.     The  extra 
appears  below.     Expands  2.00  to  2.25. 

GENUS  XXXI.    IIYPOLIMNAS.    TROPICAL  NYMPHS. 
Generally  f>imilar  to  Limeiiiti^,  but  differs  in  having 
the  club  of  the  antennae  enlarfred  suddenly,  and  the  last 
joint  of  the  palpi  is  longer  and  more  pointed;  sexes,   dis- 
similar.    Type,  H.  misippus.     (Plate  VII,  1.) 

23G.  IIYPOLIMNAS  MISIPPUS  Linn, 
WniTE-sroTTED  Butterfly. 
Size,  large.  ]Male,  dark  brown  above,  with  a  large  oval  patch  of 
white  in  each  wing,  surrounded  with  a  wide  ring  of  violet  reflections, 
and  there  is  a  smaller  spot  in  apex  of  fore  wing.  Thorax,  head,  and  pal- 
pi, dotted  with  white.  There  are  two  small  spots  of  greenish  metallic 
atoms  at  inner  angle  of  hind  wing.  Beneath,  brown,  chestnut  at  base  of 
wings,  the  white  markings  are  repeated  but  enlarged,  there  are  four 
bluish  spots  on  upper  portion  of  central  cell.  Both  wings  are  bordered 
with  black  that  encloses  a  double  series  of  bluish  crescents  on  fore  wings, 
a  line  of  crescents  and  a  line  of  triangles,  divided  by  the  veins  on  the 
hind  wings.  Within  this  band  on  the  hind  wings  is  a  line  of  bluish  dots. 
There  is  a  black  spot  on  upper  margin  ofhind  Avings.  Female,  pale 
chestnut,  much  the  shade  of  Danais  strigosa,  bordered  on  both  surfaces 
as  is  the  male  below;  apex  of  the  fore  wings  and  upper  margin,  dark 
brown,  enclosing  at  apex  a  largo  white  band,  and  above  it  are  three  or 
four  small  spots.  On  hind  wing  the  black  spot  seen  on  the  upper  bor- 
der of  the  lower  surface  of  the  male  is  present.  Beneath,  paler  with 
markings  repeated,  but  the  apex  of  fore  wings  beyond  the  white  band  is 
very  pale.  The  bluish  spots  of  central  cell  of  male  are  present,  and 
there  is  an  extra  black  spot  at  end  of  central  cell  of  fore  wing.  Expands, 
2.G0  to  2.70.    Habitat,  West  Indies,  rare  on  Indian  Iliver,  Florida. 

GENUS  XXXII. 
LIMENITIS.  NYMPII-LIKE  BUTTERFLIES. 
Medium  size.  Colors,  usually  dark,  with  bright  mark- 
ings, or  sometimes  reddish  with  dark  markings.  Anten- 
nae, about  two  thirds  as  long  as  the  bod^',  with  the  club 
enlarging  gradually.  Wings  triangular ;  hind  pair  round- 
ed, not  tailed.     Type,  L.  autiiemis.     (Plate,  VIL  2.) 


100 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFTJES. 


I;  1 


n  ;     » 


237.    LIMENITIS  URSULA  Fab. 
Blue-banded  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  the  type  L.  arthemis,  but  differs  in  the  absence  of  the 
white  band  on  both  wings,  and  the  reddish  orange  spots  on  the  hind 
wings.  Expands  2.75  to  3.10.  Habitat,  Atlantic  States,  Mississippi 
Valley,  Kansas,  and  Ontario.     (  Frn  form  proserpina  see  appendix. ) 

2o7a,  LiMENiTis  URSULA  ARizoNENSis.  Differs  from  the  type  in 
having  fore  wing  much  produced,  as  are  also  the  hind  pair.  The  mar- 
ginal spots  on  fore  wings  are  restricted  to  a  single  series,  there  being  no 
trace  of  sub-marginal  markings.  The  hind  wings  have  two  rows  along 
the  margin,  the  outer  small.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

238.    LIMENITIS  ARTHEMIS  Dku. 

White-banded  Butterfly. 

Tlate  VII,  2. 

Size,  medium.  Above,  dark  brown,  both  wings  crossed  by  a  wide 
band  of  white,  with  two  white  spots  in  apex  of  foro  wmgs.  Without  the 
white  band  on  the  hind  wings  is  a  line  of  metallic  gfcen  spots,  on  each 
of  which  rests  a  spot  of  reddish  orange.  There  is  a  double  sub-ma"^inal 
series  of  metallic  green  crescents,  most  distinct  on  hind  wings.  Be- 
neath, reddish  with  the  markings  repeated,  but  the  orange  spots  are  en- 
laro-od.  the  greenish  line  that  precedes  them  is  absent,  and  they  are  in 
a  dark  brown  field.  There  is  an  additional  reddish  orange  sub-marginal 
band  on  fore  wing.  In  the  central  cell  are  two  black-encircled  reddish 
oraniie  spots,  with  greenish  and  bluish  markings,  in  the  interspaces, 
near  base  of  hind  wings,  are  three  black-ringed  reddish  spots,  with  a 
greenish  spot  inside  them.  Expands  2.."iOto3.10.  Habitat,  Northern 
United  States,  British  America,  British  Columbia,  Ontario,  Quebec, 
and  Nova  Scotia.    Both  this  species  and  the  preceding  occur  in  July. 

23f).  LIMENITIS  WEIDEMEYERH  Edw. 
Weidemeyer's  Butterfly. 
Size,  large.  Differs  from  the  type  L.  arthemis  in  absence  of  any 
greenish  aljovc,  in  the  white  band  being  more  divided  into  spots  and  nar- 
rower on  f  jre  wings,  in  tlie  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings  being  larger,  see 
Fi"-.  JU,  b,  and  in  there  being  an  extra  band  of  small  white  spots  near 
outer  margin  of  b"th  whigs.  Beneath,  the  markings  are  repeated  but 
enlarged.  There  are  indications  of  the  reddish  markings  in  the  central 
cell  of  fore  wings,  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  hind  wings  is  ovcrwashed 
with  whitish,  cut  bv  the  black  veins  and  banded  with  black  at  the  base 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


•101 


of  the  wing.    Expands  2.75  to  3.10.    Ilatitat,  Rocky  Mountains  to'New 
Mexico,  Arizona,  Utah,  and  Nebraska. 

liSOa.    LiMENiTis  WEiDEMEYERiii  SINE-FASCIA  Edw.  Similar  to  the 
tj'pe,  but  lacks  the  wide  white  central  band.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

240.    LIMENITIS  DISIPPUS  Godt. 
Banded  Red  Butterfly. 

Above,  brownish  red,  margined  around  both  wings  and  along  vein- 
ingg,  with  black.  There  is  a  band  of  black  crossing  apex  of  fore  wing 
much  widened  above,  and  enclosing  three  spots  of  white,  Fig.  34,  c,  and 
another,  also  black,  crossing  middle  of  hind  pair.  There  is  a  small,  ar- 
row-shaped spot  of  white  in  upper  margin  of  fo re  wmg  between  the  band 
and  apex,  and  a  double  series,  includhig  fringe.  Beneath,  paler,  with 
markings  repeated,  but  the  Avhite  spots  are  enlarged,  and  there  is  an 
additional  white  dot  in  black  enlargment  of  margining  of  central  cell  of 
fore  wings,  (sometimes  present  above)  and  occasionally  a  spot  below  this 
and  also  sometimes  one  or  two  at  base  of  hind  wings,  and  along  inner 
margin  of  black  band.  Expands  2.2;")  to  3.1  (I  Habitat.  United  States, 
north  to  Nova  Scotia  and  Ontario,  and  into  British  America  as  far  nnrth 
as  latitude  i')2  degrees.  Occurs  in  the  north  in  July,  August,  and  Sep- 
tember. This  species  resembles  the  Milk-weed  butterfly  somewhat,  but 
may  be  at  once  known  by  the  black  band  crossing  hind  wing.  An  ab. 
errent  form,  possibly  a  sub-species,  has  been  called  pseudodorippus  by 
Strecker.  In  this  the  black  band  on  hind  wings  is  absent  and  the  tri- 
angular band  of  fore  Avings  nearly  wanting. 

241.    LIMENITIS  FLORIDENSIS  Strec. 
Florida  Banded  Bl'tterfly. 

Similar  toL.  disippus  but  differs  in  being  deep  mahogany  brown  a- 
bove,  and  but  little  lighter  beneath.  And  usually  the  extra  white  mark- 
ings seen  in  occasional  examples  of  disippus  are  present  below,  those  are 
the  spots  near  base  of  wings  and  spots  within  the  black  band  i.f  hind 
wing.    Expands  2.2.")  to  3.00.     Habitat,  Soutliei-n  States. 

I  can  see  no  difference  between  the  L.  floridensis  of  Strecker  named 
in  1S7S,  and  theL.  eros  of  Edwards  named  in  18S0,  as  the  rantre  of  in- 
dividual variation  in  this  southern  butterfly  is  considerable,  thus  two 
forms  become  inadmissil)le  and  as  Streckcr's  name  has  priority  I  have 
used  it.  Indeed,  with  a  large  series  of  disippus  and  floridensis,  under 
examination  it  becomes  quite  a  serious  qucsti(jn  as  to  whether  floridensis 
ought  not  to  take  sub-specific  rank  after  all. 


r?r 


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1 


102 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


242.  LIMENITIS  IIULSTII  Edw. 

IIlLSl's   BlTTEia-LY. 

Similar  to  L.  disippus  above,  but  differs  in  having  the  apex  of  fore 
■wings  very  pale  above,  in  the  absence  of  the  triangular  black  band,  and 
in  the  presence  of  four  triangular  white  spots,  all  of  uniform  size,  not 
irregular,  in  having  a  spotted  band  on  hind  Avings  with  white  edges,  and 
in  the  abscnccof  black  margin  to  both  wings.  Expands  2.75.  Habi- 
tat, Utah. 

243.  LIMENITIS  LORQUINI  Bd. 

LoRQUix's  Butterfly. 
Dark  velvety  broAvn  above,  with  apex  of  fore  wings  tipped  with  a 
greater  or  less  amount  of  reddish  orange.  Both  wings  are  crossed  by  a 
white  band  as  seen  in  L.  arthemis,  but  it  is  more  divided  into  spots  than 
in  that  species.  There  are  three  white  spots  at  apex  of  fore  wing  and 
one  in  central  cell,  Fig.  o.j  a.  There  are  usually  some  traces  of  reddish 
spottings  on  hind  wing  outside  the  white  baud.  Beneath,  the  white 
markings  are  repeated,  but  larger,  and  there  is  a  sub-marginal  band  of 
spots,  one  at  base  of  fore  wing,  some  at  base  of  hind  wing  white,  and  the 
upper  and  lower  margins  of  hind  wing  arc  white.  The  red  of  apex  on  f  jrc 
wing  is  more  extended,  and  most  of  the  ground  color  of  the  hind  wing  is 
is  red.  '"he  veinings  arc  black,  and  there  is  a  l)lack  band  crossing  out- 
er third  of  hind  wing,  enclosing  red  spots.  Expands  2.2-")  to  2.50.  Hab- 
itat, California,  Arizona,  Nevada.     Occurs  in  June,  July,  and  August. 

24:Ja.  Limenitis  lorquini  burkisonii  Novo.  Differs  from  the 
typical  lorquini,  in  the  entire  absence  of  any  red  in  apex  of  fore  wing 
above,  and  in  the  presence  of  a  scries  of  red  spots  outside  tlicAvhite  band 
on  hind  wing,  and  there  are  indications  of  a  sub-marginal  scries  of  spots. 
Beneath,  the  white  sub-marginal  band  of  light  spots  is  slightly  indicated 
only,  and  Avhcn  present  is  bluish  not  white,  there  are  no  white  spots  at 
the  base  of  either  wing. 

I  have  described  above,  a  form  of  Limenitis  obtahicd  by  Mr.  II.  K. 
Burrison,  in  British  Columl)ia,  during  July  1S!>0,  from  Landsdowne, 
westward  to  Vancouvers  Island.  There  is  considerable  variation  from 
the  tyite  towards  typical  lorquini,  but  aniDUg  the  large  series  in  the  i)os- 
sessi'in  of  Mr.  Burrison.  I  have  yet  to  see  a  single  specimen  that  cannot 
readily  be  distinguished  from  the  southoi-n  examples  of  lorquini,  al- 
though it  is  quite  probable  that  in  intermediate  localities  intergrades 
•will  be  found. 


f, ;" 


i! 


!! 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  VL 

0     Anartia  iatrophae.        3.     Eurema 
1      Jimonia  coema.         -'■     Anariui  j^t    i 

lethe.'      4.    Eunica  monima.  .     5.    Timetes  coresia. 


PLATE    VL 


2 


lurema 


North  American  Butteiillei, 


O.J.  II. 


.i 


m 


%  ■ 


! 


li 


U 


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f 


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11    : 


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ill 


NORTH  AMFRIOAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


103 


GENUS  XXXIII. 

HETEROCimOA.    TROPICAL  NYMPHS. 

Quite  similar  to  Limenitis,  differs  in  the  wings  being 

shorter  and  rounder,  not  produced  at  apex  of  fore  wings, 

nor  in  center  of  outer  border  of  hind  pair.     Type  II.  ciili- 

fornica.     (Plate  VII,  3.) 

244.  IIETEROCIIROA  CALIFORNICA  Butl. 
Californian  Nymph, 
Size,  large.  Above,  dark  velvety  brown.  Patch  at  apex  of  fore 
wings,  not  reaching  margin  anywhere,  reddish  orange.  There  is  a  band 
of  white  crossing  both  wings,  broken  into  spots  on  fore  wings,  but  entire 
on  the  hind  pair,  The  central  cell  of  fore  wing  and  upper  margin  of 
fore  wing  is  bluish,  with  a  black  line  crossing  cell,  and  on  cither  side  of 
it  is  a  black-encircled  reddish  spot.  There  is  a  reddish  crescent  on  in- 
ner angle  of  hind  wing  surmounting  a  black  dot.  There  is  a  faint  light- 
er marginal  band  to  both  wings,  enclosing  a  black  line,  Beneath  paler, 
with  markings  repeated,  but  enlarged.  There  is  a  bluish  sub-marginal 
band  to  both  wings,  a  bluish  edging  to  lower  portion  of  white  band  on 
hind  wing,  and  some  bluish  and  reddish  markings  at  base  of  hind  wings. 
Expands  2.50  to  3.00.    Habitat,  California,  Arizona,  and  Nevada. 

GENUS  XXXIV.    APATURA,    SPOTTED  GRAYS. 

Size,  small.  Color,  gray  on  both  surfaces,  spotted  and 
banded  with  black  and  wdiite.  Antennae,  a  little  shorter 
than  the  short  body.  Fore  wings  much  produced,  but  the 
apex  is  rounded.  Hind  wings  much  produced  at  inner 
angle,  but  the  elongation  is  rounded.  Form  of  sexes  differ- 
ent, males  having  the  wings  more  pointed.  Tyjje,  A  cly- 
ton.     (Plate  VII,  4.) 


245.    APATURA  CELTIS  Bd-Lec. 
Lotus  Gray. 
Size,  small.  Grayish  brown  above,  lighter  at  base  of  wings.    A  dou- 
ble sub-marginal  band  of  darker,  most  distinct  on  hind  wings,  enclosing 
yellowish.     On  fore  wings,  inside  this  a  line  of  four  whitish  spots  ter- 
minating below  with  a  black,  pupilless  eye  spot,  yellow-ringed,  then  a  line, 


n 


^i     ;i 

'■'■'{ 
.'■■■- 

k 

'ki 

1(H 


NORTH  AMKRICAN  DUTTERFLIES. 


somcwliiit  zigzaj;.  of  irrcj^ular  sized  wlntisli  spots,  tlic  lower  doiible;  cen- 
tral cell  wliitish,  with  a  dark  band  of  black  sjwts  in  it.  Hind  wing  with 
six  or  seven  yellow-ringed,  i)iii)illeas  eye  spots;  above  tiie  upjicr,  on  mar- 
gin of  wing,  is  a  S(iuare  wliitish  spot.  Central  cell  with  three  dusky 
spots,  and  a  dusky  band  outside  of  it.  Ijcncath,  markings  on  fore  wings 
repeated  but  all  excepting  eye  spots  are  paler.  Also  similar  on  hind  pair 
but  there  are  seven  double-ringed  eye  spots,  four  of  which,  the  largest, 
are  pupilcd.  Expands  1  S>0  to  2.00.  Habitat,  Virginia  to  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, and  Mississippi  Valley. 

240,    APATURA  ANTONIA  Emv. 
Antonia's  Gray. 

Differs  from  A.  celtis  in  having  two  large  pupiledeyc  spots  on  fore 
wings,  both  of  Cfiual  size.     Expands  1.50.     Habitat,  Texas. 

24(la.  Ai'ATURA  ANTOXIA  MONTIS.  Differs  from  the  type  in  being 
much  more  bluish.     Habitat,  Arizona  and  Colorado, 

247.  APATURA  LEILIA  Edw. 

Leilia  Butterfly. 

Differs  from  A.  celtis  in  having  the  hind  wings  more  produced  at 
inner  angle,  J'ig.  ;)4,  f.  in  being  more  orange  above,  in  having  two  eye 
spots  without  pupils  in  middle  of  f>re  wings  above,  and  three  below, 
pupiled  and  ringed.  The  light  mai'kings  are  lighter,  and  there  is  a 
band  of  white  si)ots  partly  crossing  middle  of  hind  wing  below.  There 
are  two  dark  marks  only  in  central  cell  above,  these  being  represented 
by  bars,  with  a  light  space  between  them.  Expands  l.SO.  Habitat, 
Arizona, 

248.  APATURA  ALICIA  Edw. 
Alice's  Gray  Butterfly. 

Differs  from  celtis  mainly  in  being  larger  and  much  grayer  in 
general  coloration.    Expands  2.2o  to  2.35.     Habitat,  Gulf  States. 

249.  APATURA  CLYTON  Bd-Lec. 
Clytox  Gray-'.vin  . 
Differs  from  A.  celtis  in  the  large"  S'ze,  absence  of  eye  spots  on 
either  surface  of  fore  wings,  in  the  baud  crossing  fore  wing  being  more 
continuous.  There  are  two  bands  only  in  central  cell  of  fore  wing  ( Fig. 
34,  e,)  but  there  is  no  consi»icuous  light  space  between  them  as  in  A 
leilia.    Expands  2.10  to  o.OO. 


NORTH   AMKRICAN   lU'TTERFLIES. 


105 


240a.  Apatura  clyton  proserpina  Scmld.  is  darker  witli  the 
hind  winjis  mucli  obscured  with  dusky  and  the  eye  spots  uu  both  sur- 
faces nearly  ol)si)lete.  Habitat  of  both  forms,  New  York,  southward, 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  westward  through  the  Mississippi  Valley 
into  Kansas. 

250.  APATURA  FLORA.  Edw. 

Flora's  GRAv-wiNa. 
]Most  like  A.  clyton,  but  diifers  in  having  both  wini^s  more  pointed, 
in  being  much  more  reddish  orange  above,  in  having  the  marginal  bands 
wider,  the  light  spot  on  upper  margin  of  hind  wing  is  absent  and  the 
eye  spots  are  larger.  Beneath,  the  colors  are  clearer  and  brighter. 
Expands  1.75  to  2.50.    Habitat,  Florida  and  Texas. 

251.  APATURA  COCLES  Lint. 

Blind  Gray-wing. 
Most  like  A.  celtis,  but  the  wings  are  more  pointed  than  in  any 
known  member  of  the  genus.  There  are  two  eye  spots  on  fore  wing, 
the  lower  larger,  and  ♦:he  upper  has  slight  indication  of  a  bluish  pupil. 
The  central  cell  has  two  bars  as  in  A.  leilia.  Hind  wings,  with  the  eye 
spots  larger  than  in  celtis.  On  fore  wings  below,  are  three  eye  spots, 
broadly  ringed  with  yellow,  but  with  slightly  indicated  pupils  only. 
On  hind  Avings  the  eye  spots  are  large  and  oval.  About  the  size  of  A. 
celtis.    Habitat,  Texas. 

GENUS  XXXV.     PAPIIIA.     LEAF-WINGS. 

Size,  rather  large.  Colors,  orange,  or  reddish  above  in- 
conspicuously banded  with  darker.  Beneath,  grayish,  band- 
ed with  darker.  Antennae,  shorter  than  the  short  body, 
with  the  eUib  enlarging  very  gradually.  Wings,  large  and 
triangular,  the  apex  of  fore  pair  produced  into  an  acute 
angle,  and  there  is  a  tail  in  the  middle  of  the  hind  pair, 
while  the  inner  angle  is  also  angulated.  Type,  P  troglo- 
DYTA,  (Plate  VII,  5.). 

252.    PAPHIA  TROGLODYTA  Fab. 
OiiAN(jE  Leaf-wing. 
Bright  reddish  orange  above,  broadly  margined  with  dusky  all 
around  on  both  wings,  excepting  lower  border  of  fore  pair,    There  is 


1^ 


i; 


ii 


im 


•51 


)"  t 


106 


NOKTII  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


a  black  banti  at  end  of  central  cell  and  a  small  dot  Avithin  the  cell,  a 
dusky  spot  on  upper  border  of  hind  wing  and  an  indistinct  band  cross- 
ing middle  of  wing.  The  female  has  a  double  band  of  black  on  'fore 
wing  not  quite  crossing  to  upper  border,  where  it  forms  a  rude  Y,  and 
the  band  on  hind  wing  is  much  more  distinct  than  in  the  male.  Beneath, 
^oth  sexes  are  glossy  gray  with  the  dark  markings  seen  on  the  female 
showing  indistinctly.  There  is  a  submarginal  band  of  Avhite  dots  on 
hind  wings.  Expands  2.00  to  2.40.  Habitat,  Western  States,  from 
Illinois  to  Texas ;  Nebraska. 

253.    PAPIIIA  ]\I0RR1S0NII  Edav. 

IMorhison's  Leaf-wing. 

Similar  to  P.  troglodyta,  but  the  apex  of  fore  wings.  Fig.  35,  a,  is 
not  as  produced  nor  are  the  tails  as  long,  the  double  band  is  present  in 
the  male  on  both  Avings  and  encloses  round  spots  of  the  ground  color. 
The  female  differs  from  that  of  P.  troglodyta  in  being  without  marginal 
bands  and  other  dark  markings  indistinct.  Beneath,  not  quite  so  glos- 
as  in  P.  troglodyta.  Expands  2.35  to'2.GO.  Habitat,  Mount  Graham, 
Arizona,  and  Mexico. 

GENUS  XXXVI.  DEBIS.  THICKET  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium.  Colors,  brown,  with  conspicuous  eye 
spots.  The  three  veins  of  the  fore  wings  are  considerably 
swollen  at  base.  Antennae,  long,  slender,  gradually  en- 
larging into  a  rather  thick  club.  Fore  wings,  triangular, 
not  produced  at  apex.  Hind  pair  rounded  and  scalloped. 
Typf,  D.  poiiTLANDiA.  (Plate  VIII,  1. ) 

254.    DEBIS  PORTLANDIA  Fab. 

Pearly  Wood  Butterfly. 

Above,  deep  rich  brown.  There  is  a  dusky  marginal  band  on  out- 
er border  of  both  wings  enclosing  two  yellowish  bands.  Within  this  a 
light  space  in  wluch  are  three  pupilless,  but  yellow  ringed,  eye  spots  on 
fore  wings  and  five  on  hind.  There  is  a  dusky  band  crossing  middle  of 
wing.  Beneath  paler,  with  a  violet  tinging.  Marginal  bands  repeated, 
the  light  ones  violet,  and  a  violet  ring  surrounds  all  the  eye  spots  on 
both  wings.  These  arc  pupiled;  there  are  two  5' mall  extra  ones  on  fore 
wing  and  one  extra  double  on  lower  angle  of  liind  pair,  and  a  second 
dusky  band  crosses  middle  of  both  wings.  Expands  2.(  K )  to  2. 1 5.  Hab- 
itat, from  New  England,  wliere  it  is  rare,  west  to  the  Rocky  Mnuntains, 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


107 


and  south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  British  America  north  to  latitude 


10  degrees. 


GENUS  XXXVII. 
NEONYMPIIA.  QUAKER  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  small,  to  medium.  Colors  dull,  usually  grayish, 
frequently  with  eye  spots  on  one  or  both  surfaces.  An- 
tennae, short,  with  the  club  enlarging  gradually.  Front 
wings  triangular,  with  veins  somewhat  swollen  at  base,  hind 
pair  oval.     Type,  N,  eurytris.     (Plate   VII,  2.) 


Fis.  ?A, 


a  c  d 

a  upper  sirlo,  fore  wing,  Timctes  chiron  ;  b,  upper  siile,  furo  wing,  Limenills  wieilonieyprii; 
c,  same  of  L,  disippus:  d,  baiuc  L.  luniuini ;  e,  lower  side,  furo  wiug,  Apatura  clyton  ;  f,  lower  side, 
hiiiU  wlug,  A.  Icilia. 

NEONYMPIIA  CAN  Til  US  Bd-Lec. 
Ten  Spotted  Quaker. 
^  Size,  rather  large.  Differs  from  the  type  N.  eurytris  in  being  larg- 
er, in  having  nine  eye  spots  above  instead  of  five,  ard  these  are  without 
silver  markings  but  are  ringed  with  yellowish,  F'g.  85,  b,  where  is  given 
the  upi)er  sit^.e  of  hind  wing.  There  is  also  a  dusky  band  crossing  out- 
er portiun  ot  fore  wing  preceedcd  outwardly  by  a  light  band.  Beneath, 
the  spots  arc  ten,  not  six,  and  are  double  ringed,  not  single.  Expands 
1.8  "to  2.16,  Habitat,  Nortliorn  States.  On  "io,  and  Quebec.  Occurs 
in  July. 

250.    NEONYMPIIA  GEMMA  Hub. 

Gem  Quaker. 
Size  small.    Differs  from  N.  eurvtris  in  being  more  reddish  brown 
m  havnig  no  markings  aliuvc,  cxccptnig  a  slight  indication  of  two 


108 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


:i    ^.5 


M     i 


iV  '■ 


J: 


J 


ilW 


m  « 


or  three  spots  on  IuikI  -wings.  Beneath,  besiik?  the  two  common  hars 
crosshig  both  wings  the  only  markings  on  fore  wings  are  three  or  four 
faint  dots  on  outer  portion  of  wing.  On  hind  i),ur  ilicre  are  four  silver 
centered  black  dots  crowded  together  in  a  light  space  in  middle  of  out- 
er border,  Fig.'i'),  c,  while  there  are  some  silver  markings  above  and  be- 
low them.  Expands  l.'2.")to  l.;!*).  Habitat,  West  Virginia,  south  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     Occurs  from  June  until  September. 

'2r>7.    NEONYMniA  IIENSIIAWI  Edw. 
IIensiiaw's  Quaker. 

About  the  size  of  the  type  N.  eurytris,  but  is  more  reddish  or  rus- 
ty above,  a  dark  k.nd  crosses  middle  of  b(jth  wings,  and  there  are  two 
black  dots  in  middle  of  outer  border.  Beneath  finely  marked  with  mi- 
nute lines  between  the  common  bands.  On  outer  portion  of  fore  wings 
there  is  a  wavy  band,  but  no  spots.  In  the  middle  of  hind  wing  is  a 
whitish  space  containing  four  dots  in  pairs,  each  with  a  silver  center, 
Fig.  of),  d.  Above  and  below  these  are  silver  markings.  E.xpands  1.50 
to  1.70.     Habitat,  Arizona,  Southern  Colorado,  and  New  Mexico. 

258.    NEONYMPIIA  AREOLATHS  Sm-Abb. 
Golden-ringed  Quaker. 

Smaller  than  N.  eurytris  but  about  the  same  color  above  but  with 
out  markings.  Redder  beneath,  two  common  bai's  only  on  fore  Avings, 
on  hind  pair  five  yellow  ringed,  oblong  black  spots,  each  withu  row  of 
silver  dots  and  all  are  surrounded  with  a  rusty  orange  ring,  Fig.  oO,  a. 
Expands  1.25  to  IM.  Habitat,  Gulf  States,  East  Tennessee,  and  oc- 
casionally New  Jersey. 

258.  NEONYMPHA  EURYTRIS  Fab. 
Five-spotted  Quaker. 
Brown  above  with  three  narrow  sub-marginal  bands  and  two  yel- 
low-ringed black  spots,  each  with  two  dots  of  silver  and  three  similar 
spots  on  hind  pair.  Beneath,  paler  with  marginal  bands  clearer,  spot- 
tings  more  distinct,  and  more  clearly  ringed,  with  an  extra  small  spot  on 
upper  border  of  hind  wing.  Between  the  two  central  spots  on  both  wings 
are  silver  markings.  Two  common  reddi,sh  bands  cross  both  wings. 
Expands  I.o0to1.50.  Habitat,  Atlantic  States,  excepting  perha"ps 
Florida,  and  u])  the  Missi3sii)pi  Valley  to  Nebraska,  Ontario  and  Quebec. 
Occurs  in  June,  Julv,  and  Au-'ust. 


XOimi   AMEIirCAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


103 


2.-»Sa.  NEONYMniA  eurytris  viola  Mayn.,  Fij?.  nO,  b,  differs  from 
typical  N.  eurytris  in  being  larger,  lighter  in  color,  witli  spottings  above 
and  below  very  large  and  clear,  '.vhilc  the  small  upper  and  luwer  spot  on 
hind  wing  is  minute,  and  often  missing.  Expands  l.tiO  to  17.">.  Hab- 
itat,  Enterprise,  Florida.  Specimens  from  which  I  have  made  the  above 
description  were  obtained  by  my  friend,  Mr,  E.  B.  Clapp,  at  Enterprise, 
Florida,  in  the  spring  of  lSSS,andits  distinctness  from  the  more  north- 
ern form  appears  to  entitle  it  to  the  sub-specific  rank  given  it  in  the 
Appendix  of  Butterflies  of  New  England,  page  71,  December  18')0. 

2o9.    NEONYMPTTA  SOSYBIUS  Fab. 
Dark  Quaker. 
Smaller  than  N.  eurytris,  darker  above,  with  no  markings.    Be- 
neath paler  with  an  indication  only  of  spot  m  apex  of  fore  wing.     Ilind 
ing  with  three  spots,  one  above.  Fig  37,  a,  two  below,  with  slight  in- 
uicatioAS  of  silver  markings.    Two  common  bands  are  present  on  both 
wings.    Expands  1.10  to  1.20.    Habitat,  Middle  and  Southern  States 
and  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

2G0.    NEONYMPIIA  RUBRICATA  Edw. 

Ruddy  Quaker. 

Pale  brown  above,  reddish  in  central  cell  of  fore  wing,  and  faintly 
so  in  central  cell  of  hind  wing.  There  ai'e  three  dark  marginal  lines. 
At  apex  of  fore  Aviiig  is  an  ochraceous-ringcd  black  spot,  containing 
two  pearly  dots,  and  there  is  a  similar  spot  near  inner  inner  angle  of 
hind  wing.  Beneath,  grayish  brown,  with  reddish  tinting  brighter. 
Spots  and  marginal  bands  repeated,  but  there  are  two  bars  of  rusty 
and  there  is  a  pearly  spot  above  and  below  the  black  eye  spot  in  apex 
of  fore  Avings.  On  hind  wings  boLiW  is  an  additionol  black  spot  near 
upper  angle,  similar  to  the  one  below,  and  there  are  two  j'ellow-ringed 
pearly  spots  between  the  two.  Expands  1.20  to  180.  Habitat,  Texas 
and  Arizona. 


GENUS  XXXIX.  COENONYMPHA.  YELLOW  QUAKERS. 
,  Size,  small  Colors,  dull  jellow,  with  few  or  no  prom- 
inent markings.  Antennae,  not  more  than  one-half  as 
long  as  the  bodj-,  witli  club  enlarging  gradually.  Fore 
wings,  triangular,  roinid  at  apex,  hind  pair,  oval.  Type, 
C.ELKO.     (Plate,  VII  J,  2.  j 


no 


WORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


261.    COENONYxMPHA  CALIFORNIA  West-Hew. 
Californian  Yellow  Quaker. 

Larger  than  the  type,  C.  elko,  and  paler  above.  Darker  beneath, 
with  a  yellow-ringed  dot  at  apex  of  fore  whigs,  Fig,  37,  b,  and  one  not  as 
distinct  on  inner  angle  of  hind  pair.  There  is  a  light  band  crossinjr 
fore  wings,  and  an  irregular  band  crossing  the  darker  hind  pair,  and 
inside  this  band  the  wing  is  darker.  The  female  has  four  spots  on  the 
hind  wings  and  two  on  fore  pair.  Expands  1.20  to  1.45.  Habitat,  Cal- 
ifornia and  Montana. 

20 la.  CoENONYMPHA  CALIFORNIA  GALACTINUS  Bd.  Darker  than 
the  type,  the  basol  portion  of  hind  wings  above  showing  considerable 
dusky.  Beneath,  quite  dark,  the  light  bands  showing,  through  contrast 
more  distinctly. 

2Glb.  CoENONYMPiiA  CALIFORNIA  ERYNGI  II.  EdAV.  Resemblcs 
typical  C.  California  but  is  much  more  yellow. 

2Glc.  CoENOK  A.PTTA  CALIFORNIA  PULLA  II.  Edw.  Very  much 
darker,  insomuch  so  J'  «  markings  beneath  are  very  indistinct,  and 
here  is  a  reddish  tint  on  ddle  of  fore  wings.  Occurs  in  April  and 
May. 

Fig.  35. 


ii  t 


a  bed 

a'u|)|jcr  Bide,  fore  wing,  Paphia  morrisonli ;  d,  upper  side,  hind  wing,  N?onympliii  canlhus; 
c,  lower  side,  hinU  wing,  N,  gemnui ;  d  same,  N.  honsliawi. 

2G2.    COENONYMPIIA  ELKO  Edw. 

Elko  Yellow  Quaker. 

Plate  VIII,  3. 

Bright  yellowish  orange  above,  with  a  silky  luster,  but  without 
markings.  Beneatli,  paler,  dusky  on  apex  of  fore  wings,  with  a  faint 
bar  of  whitish  at  end  ^f  central  cell.  Dusky  on  hind  wings,  with  an  ir- 
regular band  of -whitish  crossing  middle  of  wing;  no  other  markings. 
Expands  1.00  to  1.10.  Habitat,  Elko  Nevada,  and  Spokane  Falls, 
Washington. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  iiUTTERFUES. 


HI 


263.  COEXONYMrilA  INORNATA  Edw. 
Plain  Yellow  Quaker. 
Differs  from  the  typo  in  being  larger,  in  being  oclicry  brown  above, 
and  lighter  in  central  cell  of  all  the  wing?.  Beneath,  grayisli  with  a 
greenish  tinge  on  hind  wings,  banded  much  as  in  the  type,  but  the  base 
of  hind  wings  is  darker  than  the  portion  outside  the  band.  No  spots 
on  either  surface.  Expands  1.40.  Habitat,  Montana,  British  Amer- 
ica and  Newfoundland. 

201.  COENONYMPIIA  OCIIRACEA  Edw. 
OciiRACEOUs  Quaker. 
More  ochery  j'ellow  above  tlian  in  C.  elko,  and  the  size  is  larger. 
No  spots  nor  markings.  Beneath,  grayish  on  apex,  upper  margin  and 
base  of  fore  wings.  Near  apex  is  a  wlr"te-pupiled  black  spot,  which  is 
yellow-ringed.  Hind  wings,  light  reddish  brown,  grayish  on  outer  mar- 
gin and  at  base.  Near  outer  margin  is  a  series  of  six  black  dots,  usu- 
ally white-pupiled  and  broadly  yellow-ringed.  Near  base  are  two  irreg- 
ular brown  spots,  and  an  interrupted  band  crosses  middle  of  wing.  Ex- 
pands 1.40  to  l.GO.  Habitat,  Montana  to  Arizona;  Kansas  and  Brit- 
ish America. 

265.    COENONYMPHA  AMPELOS  Edw. 
Ampelos  Quaker. 
Similar  to  C.  elko  above,  but  paler  beneath,  and  quite  bufty  atapex 
of  fore  wings.    Hind  wings  paler  tlian  the  fore  pair.     The  light  bands 
are  present  but  do  not  cross  either  wing.    No  sp(jts  anyvvhoi-e.    Ex- 
pands l.oO.    Habitat,  Oregon,  Washington,  Nevada,  and  Montana. 

200.    COENONYMPHA  KODIAC  Edw. 

KoDiAC  Quaker. 

Light  brown  above,  witli  a  gray  sliade,  and  having  a  satiny  gloss. 
Beneath,  bruwnish  from  base  to  middle  of  wings  lighter  beyond,  with 
gray  scales  on  fore  wings,  and  bluish  scales  on  hind  pair.  No  spots  on 
either  surface.    Expands  l.oO.    Habitat,  Kodiak,  Alaska. 

207.    COENONYMPHA  BRENDA  Edw. 

Southern  Yellow  Quaker. 

Above,  light  buff  without  spots.    Beneath,  more  yellow;  there  is  a 

pale  reddish  line  en  fore  wings  without  the  central  cell,  not  reaching 

either  margin ;on  hind  wings  a  similar  line  reaches  frum  end  of  cell  to 

lower  margin.    Ou  apex  of  fji'e  wings  is  a  lai-ge  round  black  spot,  and 


112 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


with  a  point  below  this.  Hind  wings  have  a  more  or  less  complete  sub- 
marginal  row  of  black  dots.  Expands  1.40  to  1.50.  Habitat,  Los  An- 
gelos,  California. 

268.    COENONYMPHA  PAMPJHLOIDES  Reak. 

White-dotted  Quaker. 
Above  yellowish.  Hind  wings  beneath,  mottled  with  greenish; 
brown  from  base  to  middle.  Outer  half  of  wings  same  color  as  above. 
There  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of  six  white  dots,  each  encircled  with  a 
brownish  green  ring.  Expands  1.30.  Habitat,  California  and  British 
America. 

GELUS  XL.  EREBIA.  DUSKEY  BUTTERFLIES 
Size,  small  to  medium.  Colors,  dark  brown,  or  red- 
dish brown,  often  unspotted,  sonetimes  with  a  reddish  patch 
on  fore  wings  which  may  enclose  black  dots.  Diflers  main- 
ly from  the  last  genus  in  not  havingthe  veins  of  fore  wings 
much  swollen  at  base,  and  in  the  prevailing  dark  color. 
Type,  E.  EPipsri;  i\.     (  Plate,  VIII,  4. ) 

269.  EREBIA  FASCIATA  Butl; 
Fasciated  Butterfly. 
Dark  brown  above  without  markings.  Beneath,  lighter  brown  with 
a  wide  band  of  grayish  on  outer  portion  of  both  wings,  not  quite  crossing 
to  lower  border  of  fore  pair,  when  it  becomes  reddish,  but  reaches  quite 
across  the  hind  pair.  Fig.  27,  c,  and  there  is  an  indication  of  a  second 
bar  near  base  of  both  wings ;  the  bands  are  bordered  with  black.  Fe- 
male has  a  reddish  patch  on  outer  portion  of  fore,  and  band  on  hind  wing 
above.    Expands  1.80  to  2.00.    Habitat,  Alaska  and  Arctic  America. 

270.    EREBIA  DISCOID ALIS  Kirby. 

DrscAL  Dusky  Butterfly. 

Reddish  brown  above,  with  the  upper  border  mottled  with  white 
and  a  large  patch  of  reddish  in  middle  of  wing.  Beneath  similar,  with 
the  outer  half  of  hind  wing  grayish,  and  some  grayish  markings  in  the 
middle  of  inner  half.  Fig.  o7,  d. 


1 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


113 


271.    EREBIA  VESAGUS  Doub-Hew. 
Four-dotted  Butterfly. 
Differs  from  E.  discoidalis  in  having  a  lightish  patch  beyond  end 
of  central  cell,  and  a  reddish  patch  near  outer  boi-dcr  of  fore  wing  con- 
taining four  black  spots  without  white  pupils.    Expands  2.00.    Habi- 
tat, British  America. 

272.    EREBIA  ROSSII  Curt. 

Ross'  Dusky  Butterfly-. 
Dark  brown  above,  with  a  double  reddish  spot  near  apex,  each  di- 
vision of  which  contains  a  white-pupiled  black  dot.  Beneath,  spots  on 
fore  wing  repeated,  and  on  hind  wing  near  outside  portion  is  a  pale  band 
containing  a  series  of  white  points,  Expands  2.00.  Habitat,  Arctic 
America. 

Fig.  3G. 


a.  lower  siile.  Neonymi.ha  areolatus.  b,  same,  N.  eurytris  viola. 

278.    EREBIA  MANCINUSDoub-Hew. 
North-western  Duskey  Butterfly. 
Size,  small,  dark  brown  above,  with  a  triangular  patch  of  chestnut 
near  middle  of  fore  wmg,  without  spots.    Expands  l.oO.    Habitat 
Alaska  and  Rocky  Mountains  in  British  America.  ' 

274.    EREBIA  IIAYDENH  Edw. 

Hayden's  Butterfly. 

Pale  slaty  brown,  without  spots  or  markings.    Beneath,  paler  with 

a  sub-marginal  row  of  white-pupiled,  rusty-ringed,  brown  spots  on  hind 

wmgs.  Fig.  87,  e,  and  three  or  four  points,  also  rusty-ringed  on  fore 

pair.    Expands  1. GO.    Habitat,  Montana.    Occurs  in  August. 


IJ 

:!l 

1 
i 

I  ■ 

13  ' 


I    0 


i; » 

!■  r 

! 


5 


ii!! 
I. 


114 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


275.  EREBIA  CALLAIS  Edw. 
Colorado  Dusky  Butterfly. 
Brown  above,  with  a  silky  gloss.  There  is  a  sub-triangular  chest- 
nut patch  on  outer  third  of  fore  wing,  encircling  a  double  black  spot  eacti 
division  of  which  has  a  white  pupil.  There  are  three  small  black  spots 
on  hind  wings  just  outside  the  central  cell,  each  chestnut-ringed.  Be- 
neath, reddish  brown,  gray  on  hind  wings,  with  the  markings  above  pres- 
ent on  both  wings.  Expands  1.50.  Habitat,  Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 

27G.    EREBIA  EPIPSODEA  BuTL. 
Dotted  Duskey  Butterfly. 
Plate  VIII,  4. 
Dark  reddish  brown  above,  with  a  yellowish  red  patch  on  outer 
portion  of  both  wings.    There  is  a  double  black  spot  in  upper  portion  of 
that  on  fure  wings,  each  division  of  which  is  white-pupiled,  below  this 
are  two  others,  the  first  small,  and  the  lower  larger  and  white-pupiled. 
On  hind  wings  the  patch  is  often  divided  into  spots,  three  of  which 
have  black  centers,  often  white-pupiled.    Beneath,  the  fore  wings  are 
reddish,  with  markings  repeated  ;  on  hind  wings  grayish,  with  mark- 
*"^gs  nearly  absent.    Habitat,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Montana,  Wash- 
ington, British  America,  and  St  Michaels,  Alaska.    Occurs  in  June 
and  July. 

277.    EREBIA  ETHELA  Edw. 
Ethel's  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  E.  epipsodea,  but  diifers  in  having  six  spots  in  the  red- 
dish field  on  fore  wings,  and  five  on  hind  pair.  Beneath,  the  reddish 
is  replaced  by  yellowish-buff.  Expands  1.50.  Habitat,  Yellowstone 
Park. 

278.    EREBIA  SOFIA  Sir. 
Strecker'  Dusky  Butterfly. 

Dark  brown  above,  fore  wings  crossed  by  a  band  of  rusty  yellow, 
and  there  is  a  tint  of  the  same  color  in  the  central  cell.  Hind  wings, 
with  a  sub-marginal  row  of  brown  spots.  Beneath,  dark  rusty  red  on 
fore  wings,  paler  in  central  cell,  banded  as  above.  Hind  wings  brown, 
with  the  broAvn  si>ots  replaced  with  white.  Expands  1.50.  Habitat, 
Fort  Churchill,  British  America. 


NOIITII  A.Mi;i:iC'AN  I!I  TTEIiFI.IES. 


110 


279.    EREBIA  MAGDx\LENA  Str. 
IMagdaleen's  JjUTTEUFLY. 
Size  large.    Dark  blackish  brown  on  both  surfaces,  with  a  purplish 
tinging  above,  without  spots  or  markings.    Expands  2.00.    Habitat, 
mountains  of  Colorado.     Occurs  in  June  and  July. 

GENUS  XLl, 
GEIROCHEILUS.  MOUNTxVIN  WOOD  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium.  Colors,  dark  brown  dotted  with  white 
and  marked  with  reddish.  Both  wings  rounded,  hind  pair 
scalloped  on  outer  margin.  Veins  of  fore  W'ings,  swollen 
at  base.  Antennae,  not  as  long  as  body,  club  enlarging 
gradually.     Type,  G.  tritoxia.     ( Plate  VIII,  5. ) 

280.  GEIROCHEILUS  TRITONIA  Edav. 
Triton  Butterfly. 
Brown  above,  lighter  on  outer  border  of  fore  wing  and  at  base  of  both 
pairs.  Outer  margin  of  hind  wings  yellowish  red,  and  there  is  a  sub- 
marginal  band  of  dusky  on  both  wings.  On  outer  portion  of  fore  wings 
are  four  spots  of  white,  and  three  on  hind  pair.  Beneath,  similar,  white 
spots  larger,  and  the  reddish  margin  of  hind  wing  is  tinged  with  bluish- 
Expands  2.00  to  2.oO.    Habitat,  Southern  Arizona. 

GENUS  XLII.  HIPPARCHIA.  GRAY-WINGS. 
Size,  medium.  Colors,  dull,  usually  grayish,  frequent- 
ly with  small  eye  spots  on  one  or  both  surfaces.  Anten- 
nae, short,  with  the  club  enlarging  gradually.  Fore  wings, 
triangular,  and  pointed  at  apex,  with  veins  somewhat  swol- 
len at  base,  hind  pair,  oval.  Type,  H  riding sii.  (Plate^ 
VIII,  6.) 


281.    HIPPARCHIA  RIDINGSH  Edw. 

Ridings'  Butterfly. 

Size,  small.    Ashy  brown  above,  with  a  band  of  elongated  yellowish 

spots  crossing  both  wings,  interrupted  in  middle  of  fore  wings.     On  the 

fore  wings  are  two  small,  oval  spots,  white-pupiled,  Plate  VIII.     Hind 

wings  without  spots.    Beneath,  a  little  paler,  much  lined  with  brownish. 


rr^r 


UG 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


Spots,  not  much  enlarged,  and  there  are  none  on  hind  wings.    Expands 
1.80  to  2.00.    Habitat,  Colorado,  Montana  and  Nevada. 

2S2.    IIIPPARCIIIA  DIONYSIUS  Scud. 
Scudder's  Wood  Butterfly. 
Differs  from  S.  ridingsii  in  being  larger  and  paler,  with  the  brown 
markings  below  fainter  and  fewer.     Expands  2.00.    Habitat,  Utah. 

GENUS  XLIII.    SATYllUS.    WOOD  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium  to  large.     Colors  dark  with  prominent  eye 
spots  on  fore  wings  and  sometimes  with  reddish  patches. 
Veins,  swollen  at  base.     Type  S.  alope.     (Plate,  IX,  1.) 

283.  SATYllUS  PEGALA  Fab. 

Southern  Wood  Butterfly. 

Size,  large.  Differs  from  the  type  in  the  larger  size  and  usual  ab- 
sence of  the  second  lower  eyespot  on  the  fore  wing  and  the  one  present 
is  proportionately  small,  Fig.  38,  a.  Beneath,  rather  grayer  than  alope, 
and  there  are  six  prominent  eye  spots  on  hind  wing.  Occasional  speci- 
mens have  the  two  eye  spots  on  fore  wing.  Expands  2.40  to  3,00.  Hab- 
itat, Gulf  States,  rare  on  Coast  of  New  Jersey,  and  at  Mount  Holley, 
New  Jersey. 

284.  SATYRUS  ALOPE  Fab. 
Y''ellow-spotted  Butterfly. 

Size,  medium.  Dark  brown  above,  with  patch  of  reddish  orange  on 
outer  portion  of  fore  wing,  in  which  are  two  white-pupiled  black  spots, 
the  white  frequently  encircled  with  bluish.  On  hind  wings  is  frequent- 
ly a  white-pupiled  black  dat.  Beneath  paler,  much  lined  with  blackish, 
markings  of  fore  wing  similar,  and  there  are  from  four  to  six  eye  spots 
on  hind  wings.  Expands  1 .00  to  2.2.j.  Habitat,  New  England,  except- 
ing northern  portion,  and  New  York  south  to  North  Carolina.  Occurs 
in  July,  August,  and  September. 

284a.  Satyrus  alope  texana,  Edw.  Similar  to  type,  but  mcuh 
paler,  more  like  pegala  but  with  two  eye  spots  on  fore  wings. 

284b.  Satyrls  alope  maritima  Edw.  Smaller  than  the  type, 
darker,  with  the  patch  on  fore  wing  restricted  and  much  brighter  in 
color.  Habitat,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Eastern  New  Jersey,  and  Grand 
Menan,  New  Brunswick. 


V 


i 


NORTH   AMERICAN   BUTTERFLIES. 


117 


285.    SATYRUS  NEPIIELE  Kirby. 
Brown  Wood  Bi:tti:rfly. 

Diifers  from  the  typo  in  the  mere  indication  of  the  reddish  orange 
patch  on  fore  Avings.  Sometimes  this  patch  is  more  distinct  than  at 
others,  and  thus  specimens  appear  to  approach  alope,  but  I  look  upon 
such  examples  as  reversions  towards  some  ancestreal  type,  which  was 
possibly  S.  pegala.  Expands  l.no  to  2.00.  Habitat,  northern  New 
England,  Ontario,  Quebec,  New  York,  and  British  America.  Occurs 
in  July  and  August. 

2S:)a.  Satyrus  nephele  olympus  Edw.  Paler  than  the  type  in 
general  coloration  and  averaging  larger.  Habitat,  Illinois  to  Rocky 
Mountains  and  British  America. 

28.5b.  Satyrus  nepiiele  boopes  Behr.  Smaller  than  typical  S. 
nephele  and  darker,  there  being  little  or  no  light  area  on  fore  wing.  Hab- 
itat, California  to  Washington. 

285bl.  Satyrus  nepiiele  boopes  ixcana  Edw.  Similar  to  sub 
species  boopes  but  differs  in  having  the  lower  side  washed  with  whitish. 
Habitat,  Washington. 

28G.    SATYRUS  ARIANE  Bd. 
Ariane's  Butterfly. 
Similar  to  S.  nephele  Avith  two  eye  spots,  white-pupiled  and  pale- 
ringed  on  fore  wings.     Six  small  ones  on  hind  wings  below,  white-pupiled 
and  yellow-ringed  and  this  wing  is  crossed. by  wavy  lines.    Expands 
1.50.    Habitat,  California  and  Weber  Mountains,  Utah. 

287.    SATYRUS  PAULUS  Edw. 

Paulus  Butterfly. 

^  Similar  to  S.  boopes,  but  yellower  below,  and  much  clouded  with 

whitish  on  hind  wings,  while  the  general  markings  are  more  distinct. 

Expands  2.00.    Habitat,  Cajjifornia,   Sierra  Nevada,  San  Bernardo, 

and  Nevada. 

288. 


* 


SATYRUS  BARONI  Edw. 
Baron's  Butterfly. 
Differs  from  S.  nephele  in  being  reddish  brown  above,  pale  beneath 
and  the  outer  half  of  hind  wing  is  whitish  or  brownish  gray.     Spottings 
much  as  in  S.  ariane.    Expands  1.50.    Habitat,  Northern  California 


118 


NOKTII  AMERICAN  m'TTiniFLIES. 


>. 


I  m 


;iH 


281). 


SATYllUS  GABBII  Edw. 
(Jabb's  1>ittl:ufly. 
Light  yellowish  browii  above  with  clouded  yellowish  red  on  fore 
wings,  and  an  obscure  yellow  shade  over  outer  halfof  hind  wings.  On 
these  wings  arc  four  eye  spots,  lowest  largest  i)upiled,  and  all  are  yel- 
low-ringed. Beneath  ])aler.  uniformly  streaked  with  brown.  Si.x  eye 
spots  on  hind  wings  beneath.  E.xpands  1.80.  Habitat,  Oregon  and 
Weber  Mountains,  Utah. 

290.    SATYRUS  WIIEELERII  Edw. 

WllKELEU's   BUTTKIIFLY. 

Light  brown  above,  clouded  with  darker,  with  the  sub-marginal 
bands  on  both  wings  showing.  There  arc  two  eye  spots  on  f )re  wnigs, 
the  upper  inclined  to  be  doul)le  and  has  two  pupils,  there  is  an  eye  spot 
on  hind  wing.  All  the  spots  are  white-pupiled  and  yellow-ringed.  Be- 
neath, very  pale  with  sjtots  on  fore  wings  enlarged,  and  there  are  six  on 
hind  wings,  the  second  from  upjier  side  oval,  all  are  whitc-i»upiled  and 
pale  yellow-ringed.  There  is  a  central  band  of  brown  and  the  remain- 
ing surface  is  much  lined  with  brown.  The  female  is  larger  and  paler. 
Expands  2.00  to  2.oO.  Habitat,  Apache,  Arizona;  Owen's  Lake,  South 
em  California;  and  Southern  Utah. 

2IJ1.    SATYRUS  MEADH  Edw. 
Mead's  Butterfly. 

Pale  brown  on  fore  wings  above,  rusty  in  the  central  cell  and  in  the 
field  which  includes  the  eye  spots,  of  which  there  are  two,  pupiled,  and 
one  on  inner  angle  of  hind  wing.  Brown  beneath  but  more  rusty,  this 
tinting  extendmg  over  the  entire  sui'face  of  fore  wings.  Eye  spots  large 
and  yellow-nnged.    Expands  1.50.    Habitat,  Montana  to  Arizona. 

292.    SATYRUS  SILVESTRIS  Edw. 
Sylvan  Butterfly. 

Dark  brown  above,  with  a  single  pupilless  eye  spot  on  fore  wings, 
the  female  however  has  two,  yellow  tinted  beneath,  the  eye  spots  on  fore 
wings  are  yellow-ringed,  and  on  the  hind  wings  are  from  one  to  six 
black  dots.  Expands  1.60  to  1.80.  Habitat,  California  and  British 
Columbia. 


^*id 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


119 


203.  SATYIIUS  OETUS  Bd. 
Californian  Wood  BuiTERrLY. 
Dark  hi'Dwn  above,  witli  two  small  impillcss  eye  spots  on  f  )i*c  wiiii!;s. 
Yellowish  below,  and  the  two  eye  sjtots  arc  larj^er,  white-itupilcd  ami 
yellow-rinj!;e(l.  There  are  one  or  two  white  spots  on  hind  win;^s  and  a 
band  of  reddish  across  middle  of  wing.  Expands  l.oO  to  1.00.  Habi- 
tat, i^orthern  California. 

2U4.    SATYRUS  CHARON  Ei.w. 
Charon  Butterfly. 

Dark  brown  above,  with  a  single  pni)illess  eye  spot  on  fore  wing, 
female  with  two,  yellow  tinted  beneath,  with  a  grayish  washing.  There 
are  tw(j  yellow-ringed  eye  spots  on  fore  wings  and  from  one  to  six  on 
hind  pair.  Expands  1.40  tu  1.50.  Habitat,  Mew  Mexico  to  Montana 
and  British  America. 


a  b 

a,  lower  Bide,  hind  winj;,  Neonyniplui  sosyhlus;  b,  uppnr  side,  furn  wing  Coenonyinpha  Califor- 
nia; c,  lower  side,  hind  wing,  Erebia  fasciata  ;  d,  snnio,  K.  discaidulis;  c,  same,  K.  haydeui, 

295.    SATYRUS  STHENELE  Bd. 

San  Francisco  Butterfly. 

Size,  small.  Fore  wings  not  as  much  rounded  at  apex  as  in  other 
members  of  the  genus  already  described.  Dark  brown  above,  with  two 
black,  \vhite-pu[)iled  eye  spots  on  fore  wing,  and  a  sub-marginal  dark 
band  on  hind  pair.  Beneath,  paler,  lined  with  darker,  th^-e  is  a  broad 
irregular  band  on  middle  of  hind  wing,  on  either  side  of  which  is  a  whit- 
ish band.  The  eye-spots  on  fore  wing  are  much  enlarged  and  arc  yel- 
low-ringed. Expands  1.50.  Habitat,  San  Francisco,  California.  Said 
to  be  extinct. 


120 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


■t 


'! 


)   ' 


GENUS  XLIV. 

CHIONOBAS.    BARREN-GROUND  BUTTERFLIES. 

►Size,  medium.  Color,  either  yellowish  or  dark,  with- 
out prominent  markings.  Palpi  and  body,  very  hairy. 
Antennae,  short,  about  half  the  length  of  the  body,  with 
the  club  enlarging  gradually.  Fore  wings,  rather  pointed 
at  apex;  hind  wings  oval.    Type  C.  semidea.  (Plate  IX,  2.) 

29G.    CHIONOBAS  GIGAS  Butl,   . 
Giant  Butterfly. 

Size,  large.  Above  yello-.vish  orange,  margined  all  around  both 
wings  with  dusky.  There  is  a  patch  of  dusky  below  the  central  cell  of 
fore  wings,  and  the  hind  wing  is  lined  with  darker.  There  is  a  whit''  ■ 
pupiled  black  spot  on  hind  wing  near  inner  angle,  and  two  in  fore  pair, 
with  a  dot  between  them,  Fig.  38,  a.  Beneath,  paler  on  f  )rc  wing,  mar- 
gined with  grayish,  lined  with  darker.  The  two-pupilcd  spots  are  re- 
peated, but  the  dot  is  absent.  Hind  wing  whitish,  lined  and  mottled 
with  brown  and  bluish,  with  the  markings  massed  into  a  swohcn  central 
band,  and  nearer  the  base.  Female,  paler,  with  the  patch  on  th';  fore 
wings  below  cell  absent;  there  is  a  second  dot  below  the  lower  pupiled 
spot.  Beneath,  the  middle  dot  is  present.  Expands  2.-10  to  2.50.  Hab- 
itat, Vancouvers  Island. 

297.    CHIONOBAS  IDUNA  Edw. 

IdUNA  BUTTERFLi'. 

Similar  to  C.  gigas,  but  differs  in  being  paler  on  both  surfaces  with 
fewer  markings  on  both  surfaces  of  hind  wing.  Males  have  one  spot 
only  on  fore  wing.  Fig.  38,  o,  and  none  on  hind  pair,  but  this  is  pupiled. 
Females  have  two  spots  on  fore  wings,  the  upper  only  pupiled,  above 
each  is  a  dob ;  a  pupilless  sDot  on  hind  wing.  All  three  spots  beneath 
are  pupiled.    Expands  2.50  to  2.G0.     Habitat,  Mendocino,  California. 

2!)8.  CHOINOBAS  CALIFORNICa  Bd. 
Californian  Barren-Ground  Butti.rfly. 
General  coloration  similar  to  C.  gigas  but  differs  in  having  one 
pupiled  eye  spot  on  f  n-e  wings  above,  the  lower  being  represented  by  a 
pupilless  dot.  Hind  wings  with  pupiled  dot,  on  lower  side  the  dot  is  ab- 
sent but  the  other  spots  are  present.  The  female  has  a  dot  below  lower. 
a  spot  which  is  larger  tlian  in  the  male,  but  without  pupil,  but  both 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


121 


spots  are  nupiled  en  the  lower  side,  but  the  middle  dot  is  absent,  and  the 
dark  markings  are  more  numerous  than  in  the  female  of  C.  gigas.  Ex- 
pands 2.40.    Habitat,  Mt.  Hood,  California. 

299.  CHIONOBAS  NEVADENSIS  Feld. 
Nevada  Barren-ground  Butterfly. 
Similar  to  C.  gigas  in  color  above.  In  central  cell  and  below  it  and 
along  upper  border  of  fore  wing,  dusky.  Both  wings  are  margined  with 
a  darker  color.  There  is  a  short  triangular  patch  on  upper  border  of 
hind  wing  of  dusky.  Near  apex  of  fore  wing  is  an  eye  spot,  and  another 
near  inner  angle  of  hind  pair,  both  without  pupils.  Clearer  beneath, 
bandings  of  foie  wings  dusky  only,  that  at  basal  portions  of  hind  wing! 
is  wanting,  but  these  wings  are  much  lined  with  dusky,  with  the  usual 
two  bands  crossing  them.  E}  e  spots,  repeated  but  not  pupiled.  Ex- 
pands 2.25.    Habitat,  California. 

300.  CHIONOBAS  CHKYXUS  West-Hew. 
Dull  Orange  Buttekfly. 
Dull  orange  above.  Dusky  on  basal  half  of  fore  wings,  and  also  on 
upper  and  outer  border.  There  are  two  oval  eye  spots,  both  pupiled,  and 
a  dot  between  them.  Outer  border  of  hind  wings,  mottled  with  black, 
and  the  entire  wing  is  mottled  and  lined  with  dusky.  There  is  a  single 
pupilless  eye  spot.  Clearer  beneath,  with  less  dusky  on  fore  wings 
Hind  wings,  with  the  usual  bands.  Expands  2.25.  Habitat,  Colorado 
along  the  Rocky  Mountains  into  British  America. 

301.  CHIONOBAS  CALAIS  Scudd. 
Calais  Butterfly. 
Deep  ochraceous  brown  above,  flecked  with  black  on  upper  and  outer 
margin  of  both  wings,  with  two,  throe,  orfive,  pupilless  eye  spots  near 
outer  margin.  Hind  wings,  indistinctly  marked  with  darker.  One 
blind  eye  spot.  Marbled  with  yellowish  and  brown  beneath,  the  hind 
wings  with  a  dark  double  band.  Eye  spots  on  fore  wings  as  above,  but 
some  are  pupiled.  Eye  spot  on  hind  wings  reduced  to  a  mere  dot.  Ex- 
pands 2.20.    Habitat,  Rupert  House,  Hudson's  Bay,  and  Newfoundland. 

302.    CHIONOBAS  INVALLDA  Mead. 

Nevada  Barren-ground  Butterfly. 
Fore  wings  above,  brown,  mottled  with  yellowish  aLjng  upper  mar- 
gin.   There  is  a  sub-marginal  band  of  yellowish,  divided  into  patches 


>'.  .-  .! 


122 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


( ■ 


m 


ill 


:ii 


hy  the  veinings,  and  in  the  second  patch  near  upy;er  margin  is  an  oval 
black  spot,  white-pupiled,  and  in  the  second  pato'i  from  louver  margin 
is  a  pupilless  dot.  There  is  a  dusky  bar  crossing  end  of  central  cell, 
am^  joining  a  patch  beneath  tlie  cell.  Jlind  Avings,  yellowish,  clouded 
■with  dusky,  and  there  is  a  pupiled  black  dot  near  inner  angle.  Beneath 
fore  wing  yellowish,  marbled  at  base  and  along  upper  and  outer  margin 
with  dusky,  and  crossed  by  two  dusky  bands.  The  upper  pupiled  spot 
only  is  present,  hind  wing  crossed  by  two  brown  bands,  and  much  lined 
with  brown.  Female  has  the  fore  wings  yellow,  crossed  beyond  cell  by 
a  narrow,  dusky  band,  and  there  are  two  extra  eye  spots  between  the 
two,  both  pupiled.  Eeneath,  similar  to  male  but  with  the  four  eye  spots 
pupiled.  On  hind  wings  is  a  large  pupiled  eye  spuK  and  two  or  three 
small  ones,  all  pupiled.  Expands,  1.80  to  2.-10.  xxabi tat,  Nevada  and 
Eastern  California.     Occurs  in  July  and  August. 

303.  CIllONOBAS  VARUNA  Edw. 

Dakota  Butteri'ly. 
Above  brown,  often  reddish  or  yellowish,  upper  margin  of  fore  wings 
banded  with  dark  brown,  dusted  with  white  near  base.  Apex  and  outer 
margin  also  bordered  with  brown.  Beyond  the  central  cell,  are  from 
one  to  four  small  black  eye  spots.  Hind  wings  have  a  narrow  brown 
border,  and  all  the  wings  are  edged  Avith  dark  scales.  The  eye  spots 
vary  from  one  to  five,  or  sometimes  there  are  none.  Paler,  beneath,  on 
fore  wings,  sprinkled  with  brown  on  upper  and  outer  margin,  striped 
•with  brown  in  the  central  cell,  and  near  its  outer  end  are  two  whitish 
patches,  while  all  around  the  outer  margin  is  a  line  of  white  dots.  The 
eye  spots  are  repeated  and  white-puiiiled.  Hind  wings,  mottled  with 
light  and  dark  brown  and  white,  varying  in  amount  with  individuals. 
There  is  a  dark  line  crossing  middle  of  wing,  and  a  line  of  wliite  dots 
along  outer  margin.  The  eye  spots  are  five,  and  white-pupiled.  Ex- 
pands l.CO  to  1.75,     Habitat,  Dakota  and  Calgarry,  British  America. 

304.  CHIONOBAS  UHLERI  Reak. 

Uiiler's  Butterfly. 
Size,  small.  Reddish  buff  above,  darkest  on  outer  and  upper  mar- 
gins and  in  basal  two  thirds  of  central  cell  of  fore  wings.  There  is  a 
pupiled  eye  spot  near  apex.  Fig.  3!l,  a.  Ilirid  wings,  much  Uned  with 
dusky,  and  with  a  dusky  sub-marginal  band;  there  are  two  eye  spots. 
Beneath,  paler,  with  the  eye  spot  repeated  on  fore  wing,  and  the  wing 
lined  Vf\t^  dusky.  Hind  wings,  without  eye  spots  and  the  linings  are 
much  coarser.  Expands,  1.75  to  2.00.  Habitat,  Colorado  and  Mon- 
tana. 


' 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BLTTERFLIES. 


123 


305.    CHIONOBAS  TARPEIA  Eps. 
Taupean  Butterfly. 

Brown  above,  yellow  tinted.  Wings  all  around  margined  wi th  dark- 
er. 2Ncar  apex  of  fore  wing  are  three  or  four  eye  spots.  Hind  wing, 
with  four  or  five  eyo  spots.  Pale  beneath,  and  the  eye  spots  are  repeateil 
but  are  white-pupilcd.  Expands  1.00.  Habitat,  Europe  and  Arctic 
America. 

30G.    CIIIONOBAS  TAYGETE  Hub. 

Iaygete  Butterfly. 

Dark  brown  above,  ( female  pale  yellowish  brown,)  with  darker 
marginal  bands.  Outer  border  narrowly  edged  with  black.  Flecked 
with  hoary  on  apex  of  fore  wings  beneath,  and  on  whole  of  hind  wings, 
excepting  on  edges  of  middle  band,  and  on  a  darker  sub-marginal  band. 
Sometimes  there  is  an  indistinct  eye  spot,  but  this  is  usually  absent; 
there  are  faint  yellowish-white  spots  on  outer  portion  of  hind  wing.  Be- 
neath, paler  than  above,  and  there  is  sometimes  an  indistinct  white  spot. 
Hind  wings  much  as  in  C.  jutta,  with  veins  distinctly  flecked  with  white. 
Expands  1.78  to  2.14.     Labrador  and  Alaska. 

307.    CHIONOBAS  JUTTA  Hub. 
Barren  Ground  Butterfly. 

Size,  medium.  Above,  yellowish  brown,  with  a  sub-marginal  row 
of  reddish  yellow  spots  crossing  both  wings,  the  ujjper  and  lower  of  which 
on  fore  wings,  have  dark  centers,  and  there  is  a  pupilless  eye  spot  on 
the  inner  angle  of  hind  wings.  Beneath,  paler,  with  spots  on  fore  wings 
repeated,  and  the  upper  is  white  pupiled.  Apex  and  upper  margin, 
marbled  with  black  and  white.  The  hind  wings  are  marbled  with  black 
and  white,  with  a  wide,  darker  central  band,  margined  outwardly  and 
inwardly  with  white,  and  there  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of  white  dots.  Ex- 
pands, l.Go  to  2.15.  Habitat,  British  Columbia,  Quebec,  Hudson's 
Bay,  Labrador,  and  Orono,  Maine. 

308.    CHIONOBAS  SEMIDEA  Say. 

WiiiTK  Mountain  Butterfly. 

riato  IX,  1. 
Size,  small.  Above,  blackish  brown,  yellowish  along  veins  at  base 
of  wings,  mottled  on  outer  portion  of  hind  wings  and  along  upper  bor- 
der of  fore  wings,  with  dusky.  Beneath,  paler,  blackish  mottled  at  apex 
and  along  upper  and  outer  1)ordor  of  f  )re  wing.  Hind  wing  much  mot- 
tled with  black  on  basal  two  thirds,  less  so  on  the  outer  third,  andtliese 


124 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


■h  * 


two  portions  are  divided  by  a  white  band.  Expands,  1 .00  to  1.0,").  Hab- 
itat, White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire;  Labrador,  Ungava  Bay,  and 
Quickstep  Harbor,  Gulf  of  Cumberland.     Occurs  in  July  and  August. 

309.    CniONOBAS  CRAMBIS  Frey. 
Crambis  Butterfly. 

Varying  from  dark  to  yellowish  brown  above,  sometimes  with  small 
pale  eye  spots.  Hind  wings  wi  th  markings  below  showing  through.  On 
fore  wings,  beneath,  similar,  but  hoary  at  apex.  Hmd  wings  marbled 
"With  dark  brown,  ochraceous  brown,  and  grayish  white,  with  a  darker 
middle  band,  bordered  with  whitish.  Expands  1.78  to  2.12.  Habitat, 
Labrador,  Arctic  America,  Alaska,  Colorado;  and  New  Mexico. 

310.    CHIONOBAS  SUBHYALINA  Curt. 

Arctic  Barren-ground  Butterfly. 

Wings,  semi-transparent.     Upper  portion  of  fore  wings  flecked  with 

black  and  white.    There  are  two  small  white-pupilcd,  black  spots  near 

apex  of  fore  wings  showing  most  distinctly  below.     On  fore  wings  simi- 

"  lar,  beneath ;  on  hind  wings  spotted  with  black  and  dirty  white,  and  there 

are  three  or  four  white  dots.    Expands  1.70.    Habitat,  Arctic  America. 

GENUS  XLV.  LIBYTHEA.  BEAKED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium.  Colors,  dark,  relieved  by  orange  and 
white  &!pots.  Palpi,  very  long,  in  the  form  of  a  beak.  Fore 
wings,  long,  narrow,  much  produced  at  apex.  Hind  wings, 
short,  and  straigiit  on  outer  margin.  Antennae,  short,  not 
half  as  long  as  the  body.  The  males  have  four  perfect 
feet,  the  females  six.     Type,  L  bachmani.     (Plate  IX  3.) 


311.    LIBYTHEA  BACHMANI  Kirtl. 
Baciiman's  Butterfly. 

Dark  brown  above  Avith  three  white  spots  in  apexof  fore  wings,  a 
reddish  orange  elongated  spot  in  central  cell,  and  a  triangular  patch  of 
same  color  below  it.  Hind  wings  with  a  triangular  patch  of  reddish  or- 
ange. Beneath,  similar  on  fore  wings  with  markings,  excepting  white 
spot  in  apex,  which  is  indicated  only,  repeated,  but  the  orange  is  more 
extended,  filling  the  cell.  Tip  of  fore  wings  and  whole  of  hind  pair,  over- 
washed  with  grayish,  and  there  is  a  whitish  bar  across  the  hind  wing, 
but  the  orange  spot  13  absent.    Expands,  1.40  to  2.00.    Habitat,  At- 


f 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  VII. 


1.  Ilypolimnasmisippus.  2.  Limenitis  arthemis.  4.  Ap- 
atura  clyton.  3.  Heterochroa  californica.  o.  Paphia  troglody- 
ta. 


PLATE    VII. 


I 


K'Tlh  American  Butterflies, 


C.  J,  M. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


125 


lantic  States,  but  very  rare  in  New  England,  Texas,  Arizona,  Ontario 
and  Mississippi  Valley, 

;J12.    LIBYTIIEA  C ARINENTA  Cram. 
Pale  Beaked  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  L.  bachmanibut  differs  in  being  paler  especially  on  hind 
■wings,  with  the  orange  markings  yellowish  and  in  having  four  white  spots 
on  fore  wings,  Fig.  3!)  b.  Beneath,  the  white  spot  in  apex  is  present  but 
the  orange  spot  below  the  cell  is  not  enlarged,  and  is  pale  yellowish. 
Expands  l.SO.    Habitat,  Texas,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  south"^ard. 

Fig.  38. 


a  be 

a,  upper  bhIo,  fore  wings,  Satyrus  pegala;  b,  upper  side,  fore  wing;  Chlonoljasgigas;  c,  same, 
C.  invallda. 

Family  III.    ERYCINIDAE.    Herbage  Butterflies. 

Size,  small  or  medium.     Antennae,  straight,  with  the 
club  rounded,  never  hooked.     central  cell  of  both  wings, 

OPEN. 

GENUS  XLVI. 
LExMONIAS.  WHITE-DOTTED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  small.  Colors,  black  and  orange  or  reddish,  much 
dotted  with  white.  Fore  wings,  long  and  triangular,  rather 
pointed  at  apex.  Hind  wings,  short  and  rounded.  An- 
tennae, nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  with  the  club  enlarging 
gradually.     Type,  L.  virgulti.     ( Plate,  IX,  4.  ) 

313.    LEMONIAS  VIRGULTI  Behr. 

Pacific  Lemonias, 
Plate  IX,  4. 
Reddish  orange  above,  both  wings  margined  with  brown,  this  color 
occupying  the  basal  half  of  hind  wings.     There  is  a  sub-marginal  row 


I 


' 


i 

i  i 


I'i 


*      i 


i  .  •' 


12G 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


of  •white  dots  in  brown  edging  on  both  wings,  within  this  an  irregular 
band  of  black,  white-edged,  and  somewliat  interrupted  on  hind  wings. 
Within  this  on  fore  wing  are  three  black-ringed,  white  spots,  and  an  or- 
ange one;  on  hind  pair,  three  black-ringed  white  spots  and  throe  orange, 
the  last  small  and  arranged  in  a  row.  Beneath,  orange  on  fore  wing 
only,  without  brown  ui)pcr  margin,  otherwise  the  brown  is  paler  and 
extends  over  entire  surface.  Spottings  repeated,  enlarged  and  there  is 
a  second  line  of  white  dashes  along  outer  margin  of  both  wings.  Ex- 
panda,  .1)0  to  1.2.").     Habitat,  Southern  California. 

31 1.  LEINIONIAS  DURYI  Edw. 
Dury's  Dotted  Butterfly. 
Size,  small.  Reddish  orange  above,  both  wings  bordered  with 
brown,  which  contains  a  row  of  white  dashes,  each  of  which  has  a  black 
dot.  Crossing  middle  of  both  wings  is  a  row  of  black  spots  some  of 
Avhich  are  edged  inwardly  with  white.  Each  wing  has  a  Avhite  spot  at 
end  of  central  cell,  edged  on  both  sides  with  black  and  there  are  some 
black  spots.  Fore  wings  beneath  paler,  with  markings  repeated.  Hind 
wings,  ashy  brown,  with  spots  and  dashes  repeated,  but  enlarged,  and 
there  is  a  row  of  small  white  spots,  crossing  middle  of  wings.  Expands 
.90  to  1.19.    Habitat,  New  Mexico.    Occurs  in  April. 

315.    LEMONIAS  NAIS  Edw. 
Nais  Butterfly. 

Size,  medium.  Deep  reddish  orange  above,  both  wings  bordered 
all  around  with  dark  brown,  and  ^th  wings  are  crossed  by  about  four 
bands  of  dark  brown,  on  upper  margin  of  fore  wings  is  a  small  white  spot 
Fig.  39,  c,  and  another  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing.  These  spots  are 
double  in  the  female,  and  there  is  an  additional  pair  on  lower  border  of 
fore  wing.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  pale  orange,  without  border,  except- 
ing a  narrow  line  on  outer  margin  of  both  wings.  On  hind  wings  the 
orange  is  much  obscured  with  bluish.  The  bandings  are  repeated,  but 
broken  into  spots.  Expands  1 .30  to  1  .oO.  Habitat,  Arizona,  2s  ew  Mex- 
ico, and  Colorado.    Occurs  in  July  and  August. 

316.    LEMONIAS  PALMERH  Edw. 

Palmer's  Butterfly. 

Size,  small.     Pale  brown  above  with  outer  margin  and  base  of  wings 

orange.     There  are  two  rows  of  white  spots,  crossing  outer  portion  of 

both  wings,  and  six  or  seven  white  spots  within  these.     All  of  the  spots 


i. , 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


127 


are  black  edged,  outwardly  and  iinvardly.  Beneath,  pale  or.mge  with 
■white  spottings  repeated.  Expands  l.(X)  to  l.l'O.  Habitat,  Utah  and 
Arizona.     Occurs  in  June  and  July. 

ai7    LEMONIAS  MORMO  Feld. 
Felder's  Butterfly. 

Dusty  yellow  on  both  surfaces ;  both  wings  crossed  by  a  sub-margi- 
nal band  of  spots,  each  black  and  white  ringed.  On  fore  wings  there  is 
a  spot  in  central  cell,  and  three  spots  nearer  base.  On  hind  wings  there 
are  two  dots  in  central  cell.  Beneath,  paler,  with  the  spots  repeated, 
but  much  larger  aiid  nearly  confluent.  Expands  .UO  to  1.10.  Habitat, 
California,  Utah,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico. 

318.    LIMONIAS  CYTHERA  Edav. 
Cytiiera  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  L.  virgulti,  but  differs  in  having  the  second  band  of  white 
spots  on  fore  wing  incomplete,  this  being  represented  by  four  spots  on 
the  upper  margin  and  one  beloAv,  in  having  the  base  of  wing  above  dark 
brown,  and  in  having  three  white  spots  along  the  lower  margin  in  tiie 
brown  border.    Expands  1.10.     Habitat,  Arizona. 

319.    LEMONIAS  ARES  Edw. 

Ares  Spotted  Butterfly. 

Brown  above,  tinged  with  reddish  on  outer  portion  of  fore  wing,  and 
on  upper  margin  of  hind  pair.  On  fore  wings  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of 
indistinct  dots,  within  which  is  a  row  of  black  crescents,  then  a  short 
row  of  black  spots  at  end  of  central  cell,  and  a  little  nearer  base  is  a  row 
of  similar  spots  crossing  wings.  There  are  three  rows  of  indistinct  spots 
crossing  base  of  cell.  Hind  wings,  with  a  sub-marginal  roAV  of  black 
dots,  then  a  roAv  of  small  spots,  foUoAved  by  a  short  row  at  end  of  cell. 
Rusty  beneath,  with  apex  and  upper  border  of  fore  wings,  and  all  of  hind 
wings  dusted  with  white  scales.  The  black  spots  are  repeated  on  inner 
portion  of  wing  distinctly,  but  are  indistinct  or  absent  on  the  outer  por- 
tion.   Expands  1.30  to  1.60.     Habitat,  Southern  Arizona. 

Cleis  is  a  dimorphic  form,  paler  in  general  coloration  on  both  surfaces. 

GENUS  XLVH. 
EURYGONA.    VARIED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium.     Color,  dark,  varie<>?ated  with  bridit 
tmts.     Hind  wings,  elongated.     Fore  wings,  large  and  tri- 


«-ir. 


rwfsm 


128 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


angular.     Antennae,  very  slender,  nearly  two  thirds  as 
long  as  the  fore  wing,  club  enlarging  gradually. 


IW 


>&  I 


320.  EURYGONA  ABREAS  Edw. 
Red-banded  Butterfly. 

Dark  brown  above,  vcdcUsh  on  central  cell  of  fore  wings  to  base,  and 
on  the  basal  half  of  hind  wing;  there  is  a  bandof  red  crossing  both  wings, 
near  middle,  and  between  this  and  the  outer  margin,  is  a  pale  brown 
stripe.  Fore  wings  and  upper  half  of  hind  wings,  edged  with  brown ; 
the  lower  half  of  hind  wings,  red  edged,  and  along  this  edging  is  a  series 
of  white  crescents,  the  upper  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a  large  black 
s,,  ot.  Reddish  gray  beneath,  with  the  markings  repeated.  Expands 
1.00.    Habitat,  Southern  Arizona. 

GENUS  XLVIII.    CALEPHELIS.    PIGMIES. 
Size,  small.     Colors  bright,   spotted  with  black  and 
metallic  colors.     Fore  wings  triangular,  hind  wings  oval. 
Antennae,  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  with  the  club  enlarg- 
ing gradually.     Type  C.  caenius.     (Plate  IX,  5.) 

321.  CALEPHELIS  CAENIUS  Linn. 

Golden  Pigmy. 

Golden  orange  on  both  surfaces,  darker  above,  with  both  wings 
crossed  with  about  six  bands  of  black  dots.  There  is  a  sub-marginal 
band  of  shining  black-lead  color,  within  which  is  a  band  of  spots  of  the 
same  color.  Both  surfaces  marked  alike.  Expands  .75  to  .85.  Hab- 
itat, Southern  States.     Occurs  in  Florida  from  April  until  November. 

322.    CALEPHELIS  BOREALIS  Gr-Rob. 
Northern  Pigmy. 
Larger  than  C.  caenius,  differs  in  being  browner  above,  with  only 
four  rows  of  black  spots.    Rather  yellower  beneath,  than  in  the  tyv'i, 
and  the  spots  are  less  distinct,  but  the  lead  colored  lines  arf  ^     "o    is- 
tinct.    Expands  1.00  to  1.20.    Habitat,  New  York,  New  J  -Vest 

Virginia,  Michigan,  and  Illinois. 


\. 


li  iji 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUE3. 


129 


323.    CALEPIIELIS  AUSTRALIS  Edw. 

Southern  Pigmy. 

Similar  to  C.  borcalis,  but  differs  in  having  the  outer  margin  of  fore 

wings,  much  bent  outward  in  the  middle,  in  not  bemg  as  red  above,  and 

the  black  lead  lines  are  not  as  heavy.    Expands  l.OUto  l.Oo.    Habitat, 

Southern  Texas  and  Arizona. 

324.    CALEPIIELIS  NEMESIS  Edw. 

Avenging  Pigmy. 

Pale  brown  above,  darker  on  basal  half.    Both  wings  crossed  by 

two  lines  of  lead  colored  dots,  within  which  are  two  linos  of  black  dots, 

one  central,  the  other  basal.    Expands,  1.00.    Habitat,  Arizona  and 

Southern  Cp.lifomia. 

GENUS  XLIX.  EUMENIA.  SLUGGISH  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium.  (Jolors,  black,  relieved  with  orange 
and  greenish  spots.  Wings,  short  and  rounded.  Central 
cell,  closed.  Antennae  short,  not  as  long  as  body  with  the 
club  enlarging  ve]y  gradually  from  the  middle,  then  nar- 
rowing to  the  tip.     Type  E.  atala.     (Plate,  IX,  6.) 


32o 


•^-     EUMENIA  ATALA  Poey. 

Green-spot  1  ED  Sluggard. 


Black  above,  with  fore  wings  overwashed  with  green  on  basal  three- 
fourths.  Hind  wings,  with  a  little  green  on  either  side  of  the  central 
vein,  and  with  a  broad  border  of  bluish-green  crescents. .  Beneath,  black 
no  markings  on  fore  wings  ;  on  hind  wings  three  rows  of  bluish-green 
spots;  on  outer  half  of  the  wing,  and  on  lower  margin  is  an  oblong  red- 
dish orange  patch.  Expands  l.GOtol.80.  Habitat,  Extreme  Southern 
Florida,  near  Byscayne  Bay.    Occurs  throughout  the  year. 

Family  IV.    LYCAENIDAE.    The  Little  Butterflies. 

Size,  small.     Legs,  six.     Antennae,  straight.    Hind 
wings,  rounded. 


I 


J3 


« i  t 


III 


3  if 
<   ill 


:1 


IP 


130 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


GENUS  L.  THECLA.  HAIR-STREAKS. 
Small,  colors  usually  dark  above,  lighter  below,  orna- 
mented Vr'itli  small  spots  of  brighter  color  along  outer  bor- 
der of  hind  wings.  Fore  wings,  triangular.  Hind  wings, 
rounded  and  often  tailed.  There  is  usually  an  oval  sex 
mark  on  fore  wing  of  male.  Type,  T.  poeas.  ( Plate, 
IX,  7. ) 

323,    THECLA  GRUNUS  J3d. 

Bosduval's  Hair-streak. 

Size,  large.  Yello  »vish-bro^vn  above  (Females  more  yellow  in  cen- 
ter of  wing ).  Beneath,  yellowish  white,  with  a  central  band  of  pale 
bl.iok.  On  outer  margin  of  hind  wings  are  some  pale  crescents.  Ex- 
pands l.oO.    Habitat,  Northern  and  Southern  Nevada. 

327.    THECLA  CRYSALUS  Edw. 
Colorado  Hair-streak. 

Size,  large.  One  toil.  Purple  above,  with  outer  margin  of  both 
wings,  and  upper  margin  of  hind  pair  broadly  edged  with  bhick,  and 
more  narrowly  on  upper  margin  of  hind  pair,  depending  from  this  in  the 
middle,  is  a  large  black  spot.  In  the  marginal  band  on  the  lower  side 
of  fore  wings  are  four  yellowish  spots,  and  in  the  angle  is  another  trian- 
gular spot.  On  hind  wings  are  two  oval  yellowish  spots,  with  black  pu- 
pils. Tail,  long,  black  and  white  tipped.  Lower  side  brown,  faintly 
i  ngcdwith  purplish.  Fore  wings,  with  a  sub-marginal  band  of  black 
spots,  preceded  by  a  white  line,  and  the  yellowish  spots  are  repeated. 
There  is  a  second  line  of  bark  brown  crossing  wing,  Avliite  edged  on  both 
sides.  Hind  wings,  with  a  margin:.^  series  of  yellow  spots,  with  one  on 
inner  angle,  black,  and  one  or  two  in  middle  of  wing  have  black  pupils, 
but  those  towards  upper  margin  are  pale.  Outside  these  spots,  is  a  black 
line.  Crossing  middle  of  wing  is  a  brownish  line,  white  bordered. 
There  is  a  line  in  cell,  and  a  dark  brown  stripe  extending  from  upper 
border  to  middle  of  wing.  Expands  1. 50  to  1.70.  Habitat,  Southern 
Colorado. 

327a.  Thecla  CRYSALUS  citlma  II.  Edw.  Differs  from  the  type.  T, 
crysalus,  in  having  the  yellu  wish  spots  above  very  fiiintly  indicated.  The 
color  beneath  is  more  ashy,  and  tlie  markings  are  less  prominent,  often 
nearly  wanting.  Habitat,  JNIt.  Nemo,  Utah,  and  South  Western  Colo- 
rado. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


131 


rpe,T. 
The 

often 
Colo- 


328.    TIIECLA  IIALESUS  Cram. 
Blue  Hair-streak. 

Size,  large.  Male,  tails,  two.  Above,  bright  glossy  black  on  outer 
fourth  of  buth  wings,  excepting  toward  inner  angle  of  hind  pair,  where 
the  border  becomes  narrower,  and  there  is  a  black  border  along  lower 
margin.  Sex  mark,  black.  Hind  wings  Avith  tails  black,  before  the  lar- 
ger is  a  blue  crescent,  with  a  smaller  one  on  either  side.  Beneath,  black- 
ish brown,  with  a  red  spot  at  base  of  fore  wings,  and  tAvo  more  at  base 
of  hind  pair,  and  the  fore  wmgs  have  a  dash  of  blue  along  central  vein. 
Hind  wings,  have  the  blue  crescents  repeated,  with  three  others  before 
them  in  a  black  field.  Female  has  about  half  the  wings  dull  black  above 
and  lacks  the  blue  on  under  side  of  fore  Avings.  Expands,  1.40  to  l.GO. 
Habitat.  Gulf  States,  Illinois.  Nevada,  California,  and  Arizona. 

Fig.  39. 


a,  u|riiii  sido,  f  >re  wiiiK.  Cliionobas  ulilon  ;  b,  Bamc,  Libythea  carlnenta:  same,  Leiuoiiias  iiuis; 
c,  same,  L.  [.almcii :  e,  lower  Bule,  hiiul  win^',  Thcclafavonius. 

329.  THECEA  M-ALBUM  Bd-Lec. 

White  M  Hair-streak. 

Size,  large.  Tails,  tAvo.  Above  rich,  glossy,  violet  blue,  quite 
broadly  bordered  outer  on  margin,  more  narrowly  on  upper,  Avith  black. 
On  hind  Avings  above  tails,  is  a  reddish  orange  spot,  preceded  by  Avhite 
at  inner  angle.  Beneath,  brownish  gray ;  on  fore  Avings  is  a  single  Avhite 
line  on  outer  third,  bent  iuAvard  on  the  second  branch  (^f  middle  vein. 
This  line  is  continued  across  the  hind  Aving  and  forms  a  rude  W  over 
the  tails.  BctAvecn  this  and  the  margin  is  a  seconf  Avhite  cred  line  os- 
cents,  the  Avholc  edged  outAvardly  Avith  black,  broken  above  the  first  tail 
by  an  orange  patch  Avhich  extends  iuAvardto  the  first  line.  Outer  mar- 
gin of  Aving  Avhito,  Avith  a  large  blue  patch  before  second  tail.  Tails 
black,  white  tipped.  Exp-.nds  1.30  to  1.40.  Habitat,  Gulf  States,  Vir- 
ginia, Pennsylvania,  and  Ohio. 

330.  THECLA  FAVONIUS  Sm-Abb. 

Southern  Hair-streak. 

Dark  broAvn,  above,  sex  mark  blackish.     On  outer  margin  of  hind 
wings  near  mnor  angle,  is  a  Ijlui.sh  line,  above  a  narri)w  liliick  border, 


Il 


132 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


above  which  are  two  round  black  spots,  above  that,  between  the  two. 
tails,  is  a  reddish  orange  crescent,  on  either  side  of  which  are  two  bluish 
spots,  below  the  innermost  of  which  is  a  second  orange  spot.  Beneath, 
silvery  brown,  with  a  band  on  outer  third  of  both  wings,  white,  not  quite 
crossing  fore  wing,  and  black-lined  inwardly.  The  white  line  becomes 
double  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wings,  and  formsarufle  W,  black-lined 
below.  Fig;  40,  a.  It  is  interrupted  over  the  space  between  the  tails  by 
an  orange  spot,  which  extendsinto  a  point  towards  the  upper  margin; 
The  inner  angle  is  a  second  orange  spot  and  both  have  a  black  spot  below 
them.  Beneath  this,  a  blue  patch  spotted  with  black.  There  are  indi- 
cations of  a  second  band  of  blackish  between  the  common  band  and  the 
margin.  Expands  1.00  to  1.30.  Habitat,  South  Carolina,  and  the  Gulf 
States. 

331.    THECLA  AUTOLYCUS  I.dw. 
Texas  Streaked  Butterfly. 

Tails,  trao.  Brown  above,  with  a  large  patch  of  ochraceous  in  out- 
er half  of  fore  wings,  sometimes  extending  quite  across  the  wing.  Hind 
wings  Avith  a  spot  of  same  between  the  tails,  with  a  small  spot  of  orange 
on  inner  angle,  and  there  is  usually  a  black  spot  between  the  tails.  Be- 
neath, silvery  brown,  with  two  more  or  less  broken  lines  of  white  on 
both  wings,  edged  with  black.  The  inner  line  of  hind  wings  f  jrms  a 
shallow  W.  There  is  a  series  of  orange  crescents  outside  the  l)lack  and 
white  hne,  and  a  black  spot  between  the  tails,  also  one  at  inner  angle, 
the  space  between  them  being  blue.  Expands  1.05  to  1.10.  Found  in 
Texas  and  Missouri. 

332.    TIIECLA  IIUMULI  IIarr. 
Gray  IIaif.-streak. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two.  Dark  slaty  blue  above.  Sex  marks, 
dusky  patches.  Fringes,  white.  On  outer  I)  )r(lor  of  hind  wings  is  a 
black  line,  above  it  is  a  wliite  line,  extending  from  inner  angle  to  middle 
»)fwing.  Above  this,  two  black  spots,  the  one  between  tails  with  an 
orange  crescent  over  it.  and  on  either  side  of  the  crescent  are  two  white 
spots,  one  behind  the  other.  On  inner  angle,  is  a  small  oran;j;e  sp  it. 
Pale  slaty  blue  beneath:  partly  crossing  fire  wing,  ami  wholly  cros.sing 
hind  wing,  is  a  white  line,  black  edged  within;  on  hind  wing  this  line 
firms  a  rude  W  over  tails.  Fig.  4<»,  a.  On  fore  wings,  nearer  margin  a 
dusky  line  and  on  hind  ])air  a  line  of  black  s})ots,  white  edged  outwardly 
and  inwardly.  Bi'tween  tails,  and  on  inner  angle,  are  two  black  s])ots, 
surmounted  by  a  reddish  spot.    ^Marginal  line,  repeated.     Expands  l.lo. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


133 


lis  line 


1.35.    Habitat,  Atlantic  States,  Mississippi  Valle}-,  Montana,  and  Cal- 
ifornia.    Occurs  from  May  until  August. 


I 


OOO, 


TIIECLA  MELINUS  Bd. 

Allied  IIair-streak. 

Quite  similar  to  T.  humuli  in  general  coloration,  differing  in  the 
absence  only  of  the  red  edging  to  the  black  line,  crossing  both  ^vings. 
Expands  1.25  to  1.30.     Habitat,  California,  Nevada,  and  Arizona. 

333a.  TiiECLA  melinus  pudica,  differs  from  typical  T.  melinus  in 
being  much  paler,  with  markings  very  faint,  they  being  quite  obliterat- 
ed on  fore  wing.  Size  also  smaller.    Expands  .{JO.    Found  in  Arizona^ 

334.    TIIECLA  ALCESTIS  Edw. 
Tawny  IIair-streak. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two,  both  long.  Pale  yellowish  brown,  un- 
spotted. Grayish,  beneath.  Both  wings  have  a  sub-marginal  line  of 
white,  black  edged,  broken  by  the  veiuings  on  fore  wings,  and  on  upper 
half  of  hind  pair.  Then  forming  crescents  in  middle,  and  ending  at  in- 
ner angle  in  a  straight  line.  It  is  edged  with  orange  outwardly,  then 
between  this  edging  and  the  margin,  is  a  clear  grayish  space.  At  inner 
angle  is  a  round  black  spot,  with  an  orange  stripe,  next  this  is  a  large 
black  spot,  covered  with  bluish  scales ;  beyond  this  is  a  round  black  spot. 
Both  wings  are  crossed  by  a  white  line,  which  is  straight  to  middle  of 
hind  wing  then  zigzag.  On  middle  of  wing  is  a  white  stripe.  Expands 
1.30.     Habitat,  Texas  andMt.  Graham,  Arizona. 

335.  TIIECLA  ACADICA  Edw. 
Pale  Hair-streak. 
Size,  large.  One  tail,  long,  the  other  rudimentary.  l*ale  smoky 
brown  above.  Sex  mark,  narrow,  and  ashy  in  color.  There  is  a  nar- 
row sub-marginal  line  of  black  on  both  wings.  On  hind  ]Kiir,  there  is 
a  spot  of  orange  between  the  tails,  beneath  wliich  is  a  black  line,  and 
below  this  a  second  black  line,  extendhig  to  the  inner  angle,  Avherc  there 
is  a  black  spot.  Very  pale  slate  beneath,  with  bronzy  reHcctions,  mar- 
gined as  above.  On  fore  wings  there  is  a  line  of  black  spots,  orange 
edged  without,  white  edged  withhi,  then  a  Hue  of  white-ringed  black 
spi»ts,  and  in  the  middle  uf  the  wing  is  a  short  line  of  black,  white-ringed, 
and  having  a  lighter  center.  On  hind  wings  these  markings  are  repeat- 
ed, excepting  that  the  red  spots,  along  outer  line  of  black,  arelurger 
The  tail  is  l)lack,  and  between  it  and  tiie  black  spot  on  inner  angle  is  a 


134 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


i! 


blue  spot ;  above  the  black  spot  is  a  dot  of  white,  and  the  red  spot  above 
this  is  large  and  triangular  in  form.  The  line  in  middle  of  wing  is  long- 
er than  that  on  fore  pair  and  lacks  the  black  center.  Expands  1.2(J  to 
1.35.  Habitat,  Ontario,  Quebec,  Northern  States,  Montana,  Nevada, 
and  Arizona. 

330.    THECLA  CALIFORNICA  Edw. 
Californiax  IIair-streak. 

Pale  brown  above,  near  inner  angle  of  fore  wing  are  two  faint  orange 
spots,  and  near  inner  angle  of  hind  pair  are  three  orange  crescents. 
Beneath,  gray  tinged  with  reddish.  On  hind  wings  is  a  straight  line  of 
black,  white  edged.  On  fore  wings,  beyond  cell,  is  a  band  of  seven  larger 
black  spots,  all  edged  withuut  with  white.  There  is  a  marginal  row  of 
orange  crescents,  small  and  pale  toward  upper  margin,  but  larger  and 
deeper  colored  toward  inner  angle.  The  one  at  angle  extends  up  the  mar- 
gin and  encloses  a  pale  blue  spot,  which  is  sprinkled  with  white  atoms ; 
all  of  the  crescents  are  surrounded  by  black,  which  is  white  edged  above. 
Expands  1.30.    Found  in  Nevada  and  California  to  Vancouver's  Island. 

TiiECLA  CALIFORNICA  CYGNAS,  Edw.  is  similar,  but  paler,  and  the 
spottings  are  not  as  distinct. 

337     TIIECLA  DRYOPE  Edw. 
Dryoi'e  IIair-streak. 

Pale  brown  above,  broadly  edged  with  yellowish  brown  on  outer 
margin  and  apex  of  fore  wings,  and  more  narrowly  on  hind  pair,  while 
there  is  a  yellowish  sub-marginal  band  on  hind  wings.  Yellowish  gray 
beneath,  and  there  is  a  central  row  of  small  rounded  black  spots,  white 
edged  on  both  wings,  and  a  series  of  spots  outside  these,  pale  on  fore 
wings,  but  more  distinct  on  hini  pair.  Spot  on  inner  angle,  and  the 
third  and  fourth,  show  a  few  orange  scales,  and  the  spot  next  the  inner 
angle  shows  a  trace  of  bluish.  Expands  1.20.  Found  in  California 
and  Utah. 

338.  TIIECLA  EDWARDSII  Saund. 
Edward's  IIair-stre/Mv. 
Size,  medium.  Tails,  two,  outer,  short,  inner,  long  and  twisted. 
Dark  brown  above,  with  two  alternate  black  and  white  lines  between 
the  tail  and  the  inner  angle,  Avhich  has  a  black  dot  on  it,  and  directly 
over  the  tail  is  a  rather  indisthict  spot  of  reddish.  The  sex  mark  is  pale 
and  oval  in  form.  Pale  smoky  brown  beneath.  There  is  a  black  mar- 
ginal band  to  both  wings,  and  then  a  white  one.    Inside  this  is  a  band 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES, 


l:].j 


of  black  spots,  outside  of  which,  and  resting  against  them,  is  a  lino  of 
quite  ]>ale  reddish  spots,  which  are  brightest  behind.  This  is  edged 
with  white  internally.  Inside  this  is  a  band  of  dusky  spots,  each  of 
which  is  entirely  surrounded  with  white.  On  both  wings,  in  central 
cell,  are  two  short,  white  lines,  the  outside  of  which  is  dusky.  Between 
the  outer  and  inner  tail  is  a  black  dot,  above  which  is  a  distinct  crescent 
of  red.  and  between  these  and  the  inner  angle  is  a  blue  field.  The  spot 
at  angle  is  black,  above  this  a  white  dot,  then  a  streak  of  red.  Expands 
1.10  to  1.40.  Habitat,  Ontario,  Quebec:  Maine,  and  Massachusetts 
west  to  Nebraska  and  Colorado. 

339.  TIIECLA  AVITTFELDII  Edw. 
"Wittfeld'.s  Hair-streak. 
Size,  large.  Tails,  two.  Inner,  1  .mg,  outer,  short.  Dark  brown 
above.  Sex  mark,  oval.  Inner  half  of  outer  margin  of  hind  wings  is 
bordered  with  metallic  blue,  and  there  is  a  large  orange  spot  over  a  black 
marginal  spot  near  inner  angle.  Dark  brown  above,  narrowly  margined 
with  white  on  both  -wings.  Upper  margin  of  fore  wing  near  base,  red. 
Both  wings  arc  crossed  by  two  lines  of  white  spots  near  outer  margin, 
each  edged  with  black  on  the  outer  side,  and  in  middle  of  fore  wings 
there  is  more  or  less  orange  outside  the  black.  On  hind  wings  there 
is  a  bluish  spot  near  inner  angle  on  a  brown  ground,  next  this  are  three 
orange  spots  diminishing  in  size,  the  last  often  obsolete,  the  largest  has 
a  black  patch  between  it  and  the  margin,  Inner  angle,  black,  surmount- 
ed by  a  red  and  black  streak.  In  central  cell  of  l)oth  wings,  are  two 
short  white  lines.  Expands  l.oO  to  1,70.  Habitat,  Indian  lliver,  Flor- 
ida. 

340.    TIIECLA  CALAXUS  Hub, 
Banded  Hair-streak, 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two,  outer,  long ;  inner,  short.  Smoky  brown 
above,  Avith  no  markings  excepting  the  usual  oval  sjjot  of  male,  and  a 
black  line  above  tails  on  hind  wings.  Beneath,  much  paler  than  above, 
with  a  narrow  marginal  line  of  black  on  both  wings,  inside  of  which  is 
a  black  line,  inside  this  a  bank  of  black  spots,  white  lined  internally, 
then  a  pale  dusky  band,  edged  with  white.  This  band  is  broken  into 
spots  on  the  hind  wings,  each  of  which  is  white-ringed,  the  lowermost 
being  bluish-ringed.  In  central  cells  are  two  lines,  white  on  outer  and 
and  inner  sides.  Spot  on  inner  angle  of  land  Avings,  black,  with  an  ob- 
lique bluish  line,  at  the  end  of  which  is  a  small  spot  of  red,  above  this 
are  twu  oblique  lines  of  black,  above  the  lower  and  upper  is  a  bluish  line 


i; 


In 
ill 


I 


?* 


'  1  . 


I: 


'':i 


130 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


There  is  a  large  blue  field  between  the  black  spot  and  the  tail,  next  this 
is  a  black  dot,  on  which  rests  a  red  crescent,  and  beside  this  is  another 
smaller  spot  and  crescent  of  the  same  color.  Expands  1.12  to  1.43, 
Habitat,  Atlantic  and  Western  States.  Colorado,  Texas,  New  Mexico, 
Ontario  and  Quebec.     Occurs  in  July  in  the  north. 

341.    TIIECLA  ONTARIO  Edw. 

Ontario  IIair-stkeak. 

Size,  medium.  There  is  one  tail.  Dusky  brown  above,  oval  sex 
mark  paler  in  color.  On  hind  wings,  near  inner  angle  is  a  small,  red- 
dish, crescent-shaped  spot,  and  beneath  it  arc  two  alternate  lines  of  black 
and  white.  Pale  brorn  beneath,  fringed  with  lighter.  On  fore  wings 
are  two  dusky  bands,  marginal  and  sub-marginal,  inside  these  is  a  short- 
er, zigzag  band  of  white,  lined  internally  with  black.  On  hind  wings 
are  two  bands,  black  and  white  and  inside  these  near  middle  of  wing  are 
two  bands,  the  outer  of  which  is  black  externally  and  white  hiternally, 
and  on  the  inner  the  reverse  is  the  case.  At  inner  angle  is  a  small  black 
spot  above  which  is  a  longitudinal  red  line,  next  to  the  dot  is  a  blue  spot, 
reaching  to  the  tail,  and  above  it  are  two  lines  of  bluish,  next  to  this  is 
black  dot,  and  above  it  a  white  crescent,  to  which  is  joined  a  second. 
Expands  1 .  10  to  1 .  15.    Habitat,  Ontario,  New  England,  and  New  York. 

342.    THECLA  STRIGOSA  Harr. 

White-bordered  Hair-streak. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two,  the  inner  twice  as  long  as  the  outer. 
Dark  brown  above,  fringed  with  whitish,  no  markings  on  fure  wings  ex- 
cepting oval  sjtot.  There  is  a  black  spot  on  inner  angle  of  hind  wings 
that  encloses  a  reddish  dot  (there  are  three  in  the  female)  and  there  is 
a  black  line  above  the  tails  which  are  also  black,  white-edged.  Reddish 
broAvn,  beneath,  much  paler  than  above,  white  fringed,  and  this  is  fol- 
lowed on  both  wings  by  a  dusky  line.  On  fore  wings  is  an  indistinct 
band  of  dusky,  followed  by  a  band  of  black  crescents,  white-lined  inte- 
riorly, resting  on  pale  reddish  spots  externally.  Within  this,  near  apex 
is  a  short,  white  and  black  lino,  reacliing  through  the  central  cell,  then 
another  black  and  wiiite  lino  reaching  tu  the  lower  branch  of  the  middle 
vein,  followed  by  a  white  and  black  one,  crossing  wing  to  the  lowermost 
cell,  and  inside  this  is  an  interrupted  band,  also  black  and  white,  thus, 
counting  from  the  apex  of  the  wing,  there  are  five  white  and  black  lines, 
the  outermost  of  Avhich  has  the  black  on  the  outside,  the  rest  on  the  in- 
ner. Hind  wings  have  also  five  black  and  white  lines.  The  first  has 
the  black  outside  and  crosses  the  wing,  the  second  reaches  through 


\ 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


187 


branches  of  middle  vein,  the  next  two  reach  the  branches  of  the  middle 
vein.  Tlie  fifth  crosses  the  wing  while  there  is  a  s  ixth,  short  line,  reachr 
ing  from  the  lower  margin  of  the  wing  to  the  middle  vein.  The  first, 
fifth,  and  sixth  lines  are  bent  upward  on  the  lower  border  of  the  wing 
at  quite  an  acute  angle.  The  spaces  between  the  fifth  and  sixth  lines 
are  reddish  and  some  between  the  third  and  fourth  are  reddish,  and 
there  is  a  line  of  dots  outside  the  outermost  line  also  reddish.  Between 
the  tails  is  a  black  dot,  below  which  is  a  line  of  brownish,  then  a  blue 
field  and  next  it  in  the  inner  angle,  is  a  black  spot,  on  the  upi)er  portion 
of  which  rests  a  white  dot,  and  above  this  is  a  reddish,  oblique  line. 
The  female  has  two  or  three  orange  spots  over  the  tails.  Expands  1.10 
to  1.2(1  Habitat,  Atlantic  States,  Mississippi  Valley,  Montana,  Colo- 
rado, Ontario,  and  Quebec.    Occurs  in  July. 

343.    THECLA  ITYS  Edw. 

Itys  Hair-streak. 

Size,  medium.  One  tail.  Upper  side,  brown.  Sex  spot,  oval. 
Hind  wings  with  an  indistinct  spot  near  inner  angle,  and  the  space  be- 
tween the  tail  and  inner  angle  is  white-edged.  Tail,  black,  white-tipped. 
Lower  side,  pale  grayish  brown.  The  fore  wings  have  a  sub-marginal 
row  of  indistinct  spots,  and  at  end  of  cell  there  are  a  few  round  black 
spots,  white-edged.  In  middle  of  wing  is  a  paL  Vtowh  streak.  On 
hind  wings  is  a  complete  row  of  black  dots  on  a  white  ground.  On  in- 
ner angle  a  velvety  black  patch,  above  which  is  an  indistinct  orange 
spot;  surmounted  by  black.  In  the  next  interspace  is  a  bluish  spot  with 
black  scales  above  it,  then  a  small  orange  spot  with  black  above  and  be- 
low it.  At  end  of  cell  is  a  row  of  black  dots,  white-ringed,  with  a  brown 
streak  in  the  center  of  the  wing.  The  female  has  a  clear  orange  spot 
near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  above.    Expands  1.30.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

344.    THECLA  SPADIX  Edw. 
Tehaciiepi  Hair-streak. 

Allied  to  T.  putnami.  Dulj  gray  above,  darkes  tat  base,with  a 
large  chestnut  patch  on  fore  wings,  and  with  no  other  markings.  Paler 
with  no  markings  on  fore  wings,  beneath.  On  hind  wings  there  is  a 
very  faint  band  near  middle  of  wing,  irregularly  broken,  and  a  faint  spot 
in  central  cell.  The  marginal  band  is  very  faint.  The  crescents  on  in- 
ner angle  are  dull  brown  and  enclose  three  patches  of  black  and  white 
scales.    Expands  1.00.     Habitat,  Southern  California. 


■w^ 


PV 


I:  ": 
■J  I 


i  i 


if! 


i 


',  I 


i'.i 
If 


nil 


I! 


I    I! 


I  III 


138 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


SU 


TIIECLA  NELSONI  Bd. 

Nelson's  IIair-streak. 

Size,  small.  One  short  tail.  Yellowish  brown  above,  without 
markings,  fringed  with  white.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings  duller,  there  is 
a  sub-marginal  white  band,  black  edged  interiorly.  Hind  wings,  chest- 
nut with  the  black  and  white  band  continued.  Near  inner  angle  are  two 
or  three  whitish  crescents  surmounted  by  faint  orange  spots.  Expands 
1.00.    Habitat,  Big  Trees  and  Mcndicino,  California. 

345a.  Thecla  nelsoni  exoleta  H.  Edw.  Similar  to  the  typi- 
cal T.  nelsoni,  but  paler  with  the  marginal  crescents  very  indistinct. 
The  central  band  on  hind  wings  and  the  sub-marginal  band  on  fore  wings 
are  wanting. 

Si^b.  Thecla  nelsoni  muivii  H.  Edw.  Smaller  than  the  type 
and  darker  Avith  the  fringes  of  the  same  color  as  the  wings,  not  white. 
The  marginal  crescents  on  hind  wing  are  slate  color. 

34(1.    TIIECLA  ADENOSTOMATIS  IT.  Edw. 
Gray  IIair-strak. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two.  Slaty  brown  above,  unspotted.  Slaty 
gray  beneath,  faintly  tinged  with  greenish  on  fore  wings.  There  is  an 
unbroken  wavy  line  crossing  fore  wing,  white  edged  inwardly  and  with 
dark  slate  outwardly,  and  six  very  faint  sub-marginal  patches  of  black. 
Hind  wings,  dark  slate  at  base  somewhat  mottled  with  white  along  low- 
er margin.  There  is  a  white  central  band,  edged  inwardly  with  black 
and  white.  Then  there  is  a  sub-marginal  series  of  five  or  six  crescents 
black-edged  inwardly,  Avhitc-edged  outwardly.  Expands  1. 15  to  1.25. 
Found  in  Northern  and  Southern  California. 

347.    TIIECLA  TACIT  A  II.  Edw. 
Mendicino  Hair-streak. 

Size,  small.  Tails,  two,  but  small.  Pale  plumbeous  above,  a  little 
darker  at  outer  margin,  sex  patch,  and  along  veinings  distinctly  marked 
with  a  darker  shade.  Near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  is  a  small,  faint 
spot  of  ocherous.  Lower  side,  paler,  with  a  very  faint  sub-marginal 
line  of  blackish  crescents,  and  a  central  line  of  spots  equally  faint. 
There  is  a  black  spot  on  the  fringe  at  extreme  point  of  inner  angle  of 
hind  wing  followed  by  a  patch  of  bluish  scales,  and  a  very  pale  yellowish 
triangular  spot,  narrowly  edged  with  black.  All  of  the  markings  are 
indistinct.    Expands  1.00.    Habitat,  Mt.  Shasta,  California. 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTKUFLIES. 


130 


t 


348.    TIIECLA  TETRA  Beiir. 

Tetra  Hair-streak. 

Size,  medium.  One  tail.  Up[ier  side,  pale  In-own,  and  there  is  an 
orange  spot  near  inner  angle.  Paler,  l)eneath,  both  wings  have  a  ccn* 
tral  row  of  whitish  crescents.  (Jn  hind  wing,  in  addition  to  this,  is  a 
sub-marginal  row  of  small  black  crescents,  edged  inwardly  with  a  few 
scales  of  whitish ;  the  one  preceding  the  tail,  rests  on  an  orange  patch, 
and  the  second  from  the  angle  upon  a  faint  blue  patch.  Expands  1.20. 
Found  in  California. 


34!). 


TIIECLA  CIIALCIS  Beiir. 

Chestnut  Hair-streak. 

Size,  medium.  One  tail.  Bright  reddish  brown  above.  Reddish 
brown  beneath,  grayish  next  base.  Both  wings  have  a  sub-marginal 
row  of  very  pale  dots,  the  three  next  to  the  inner  angle  being  the  clear- 
est, the  first  from  angle  surmounting  a  faint  gray  space.  Across  the 
center  of  wing  is  a  row  of  faint  brown  spots,  indistinctly  edged  with 
whitish.    Expands  1.20.     Found  in  California  and  Utah. 

300.    TIIECLA  SAEPIUM  Bd. 
Sepia  IIair-streak. 

Reddish  brown  above,  unspotted.  Brown  beneath,  paler  on  outer 
portion  of  wings,  with  a  narrow,  white  wavy  line  crossing  wings;  outside 
this,  is  a  paler  line,  blending  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  with  a  gray- 
ish blue  i)atch,  which  is  preceded  by  a  small  black  crescent.  Expands 
1.25.     Found  in  California,  Washington,  Utah,  Nevada,  and  Colorado. 

350a.  TiiECLA  SAEPIUM  FULVESCENS  II.  Edw.  Smaller  than  typ- 
ical T.  saepium,  and  paler  in  color,  being  golden  brown  instead  of  chest- 
nut, with  fringes  white.  Fainter  in  color  beneath,  with  markings  less 
prominent,  and  with  the  sub-marginal  band  always  more  distinctly  edged 
with  white. 

351.    TIIECLA  rUTNAMI  II.  Edw. 

Putnam's  Butterfly. 

Size,  medium.  Tails,  two.  Pale  yellowish  brown  above,  darker 
on  upper  margin  and  at  base  of  both  wings,  with  a  series  of  four  indis- 
tinct black  crescents,  edged  beneath  with  white.  Spot  at  inner  angle 
orange,  tinged  with  golden  yellow.  Grayish  white  beneath.  Fore  wings 
with  a  black  crescent  in  central  cell,  and  six  white-ringed  black  spots  in 
center  of  wing.  Near  inner  angle  are  four  Itiint  black  spots.  Ilind 
wings  with  a  black  crescent  in  central  cell,  and  seven  white-ringed  black 


li 


I 


I 


I 


is 


i 


jiii. 


140 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


spots  in  center  of  wing.  Spots  on  margin  famt,  that  on  inner  angle  is 
dusky,  fliintly  edged  with  orange;  the  second  and  third  are  blackish,  sur- 
mounted with  orange.  Expands  l.Oj  to  1 .2;").  Found  at  Spring  Lake 
Utah. 

352.    TIIECLA  SPINETORUxM  Bd. 

Orange  IIair-streak. 

Size,  rather  small.  One  tail.  Reddish  orange  above,  chestnut 
beneath,  both  wings  crossed  by  a  white  line.  There  is  a  very  faint  line 
of  spots  on  outer  margin  of  hind  wings,  the  first  two  from  angle  are  dis- 
tinct; of  these  the  first  is  bordered  with  a  few  white  scales,  the  second 
is  blue  on  an  orange  ground.  The  central  band  is  a  series  of  round 
black  spots,  crossing  both  wings.  Expands  1.10.  Found  on  Mt.  Shas- 
ta, California. 

Fijr.  40. 


a  b  c  d  e 

Illii3triitlng  tho  genus  Thecla,  lower  side,  hind  wing;  a,  luiinuli;  1>,  acadica:  c,  edwardeii;d, 
calanus;  e,  strigosa. 

353.    TIIECLA  AURETORUM  Bd. 

Golden  IIair-streak. 

Wings,  (on  both  surfaces,)  reddish  brown ;  on  inner  angle  of  hind 
pair  above  is  an  indistinct  crescent  of  orange.  On  hind  wings  beneath 
is  an  obscure  Avavy  line,  and  on  inner  angle  of  hind  pair  a  black  crescent 
and  two  spots  of  orange.     Found  in  California. 

354.    TIIECLA  SYLVINUS  Bd. 

Woodland  IIair-streak. 
Reddish  brown  above ;  ashy  beneath  with  a  dot  in  center  of  wing 
and  a  double  line  of  black  dots  crossing  wings.  On  inner  angle  of  hind 
pair  is  an  ashy  blue  spot  and  next  it  a  clear  rufous  crescent.  Found 
in  California.  Neither  this  species,  nor  the  one  preceding  have  been 
identified  by  American  collectors. 

355.    TIIECLA  SIVA  Edw. 
Siva  IIair-streak 
Allied  to  T.  smilacis,  with  two  tails  and  a  similar  color  above,  but 
the  ground  color  is  darker,  being  more  chestnut.    Grayish  beneath, 


NORTH  AMERICAN  RUTTERFLIES. 


141 


edwardsii:  d, 


washed  witli  i»ale  metallic  green  most  densely  on  upper  margin  and  out- 
er border  I  if  fire  wings.  There  is  a  pure  wliiteline  crossing  Ixith  wings 
consisting  <  f  nearly  confluent  spots,  bent  on  liind  wing  muoli  as  in  T. 
smilacis.  Tliere  is  a  gray  patch  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  and  above 
it  is  a  black  spot  on  rusty  ground.  On  either  side  of  this  and  the  next 
patch  is  a  black  crescent.  Spot  on  angle  black.  Expands  l.OJ.  Found 
in  Arizona. 

noi\    THECLA  CASTALIS  Edw. 

Texas  IIair-stukak. 

Similar  to  T.  siva,  differing  in  being  paler,  the  band  beneath  is  more 
irregular,  the  spottings  l»eing  more  separated,  and  there  are  two  con- 
spicuous white  spots  near  the  base  of  hind  wings.  Expands  l.(X). 
Found  in  Texas. 

a57.    TIIECLA  SMILACIS  Bi>Lec. 
Green  Hair-streak. 

Size,  rather  small.  Tails,  tAvo.  Bronzy  yellow  above,  with  both 
wings  bordered  all  around,  excepting  on  lower  margin,  with  brown.  Be- 
neath, green,  with  purplish  reflections.  Outer  margins  of  both  wings 
lined  with  puridish  brown,  and  a  band  of  same  color  crosses  both  wings, 
on  outer  thii'd :  this  line  is  white-edged  ontwardly,  is  straight  on  fore 
wings,  but  is  bent  outward  in  the  middle  of  the  hind  wing,  Fig.  41,  b. 
On  hind  whig,  within  central  cell,  is  a  short,  purplish  line,  and  another 
above  it,  both  white  edged  on  the  basal  side.  There  is  also  a  su]>mar- 
ginal  band  of  four  small  crescents,  starting  from  upper  margin.  Ex- 
pands, IXK)  to  1.10.  Habitat,  Atlantic  and  Southern  States,  North- 
western Texas,  and  Point  Pelee,  Ontario. 

;J58.    THECLA  ACIS  Duz. 

Key  West  IIair-streak. 

Size,  small.  Tails,  two.  Dark  broAvn  above,  with  a  bright  red  spot 
near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing.  Lead  color  beneath.  A  black,  white- 
edged  line  crosses  both  wings  and  there  are  traces  of  another  line  out- 
side of  this.  Between  base  of  the  tails  is  an  orange  patch,  then  nearest 
inner  angle  a  patch  of  blue  and  black  and  at  angle  a  spot  of  red  and  black. 
Expands ,  1 .00.    Habitat,  Key  West. 


r. 

ill 


142 


NORTH   AMEKICAN  15LTTERFLIES. 


I? 


i 


"■  i  I 


:  i  I 


%        fl 


1 


3o9.    TIIECLA  POEAS  Dub. 
IIei)-bandei)  IIaiu-stueak. 
Plato  IX,  5. 
Size,  small.     Tails,  two.     Pale  brown  above,  glossed  with  bright 
blue,  especially  on  hind  wings.    Pale  yellowish  brown  beneath,  with 
a  bright  orange  vcrmillion  band  crossing  both  wings,  ■white-edged  on 
the  outside.   This  band  is  indented  above  the  tails  with  a  V  shaped  luitcli 
of  pale  orange.    At  inner  angle  is  a  dot  of  black  with  a  minute  white 
spot  over  it ;  betmccn  this  dot  and  the  base  of  the  inner,  lunger  tail  is 
a  bluish  field,  then  a  sub-marginal  series  of  pale  brown  spots  growing  in- 
distinct toward  the  upper  margin  of  the  wing,  while  below  them  is  a 
marginal  line  of  white  and  black.    Expands  l.CX).     Habitat,  Southern 
States,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Indiana. 

8G0.    TIIECLA  COLUMELLA  Frb. 
Modest  Hair  streak. 

Size,  small.  There  is  one  tail  only.  Grayish  brown  above,  with 
two  black  spots  near  inner  angle  of  liind  wing.  Grayish  beneath,  with 
lilac  reffections ;  both  wings  Avith  a  bar  across  end  of  central  cell,  outside 
of  which  is  a  curved  row  of  black  spots,  bordered  with  white  outwardly, 
and  outside  of  this  is  a  double  row  of  white  crescents,  faintly  defined  on 
fore  wings,  more  distinct  on  hind  pair,  and  there  is  a  dusky  shade  be- 
tween the  two  rows.  At  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  is  a  black  spot, 
sprinkled  with  a  little  orange,  then  next  it  a  blue  ])atch,  and  1)eyond  tliis 
an  orange  patch  with  black  outside  it.  Expands  l.OO.  Found  at  Key 
West,  Florida ;  Texas,  and  occasionally  New  York. 

301.    TIIECLA  CLYTIE  Edw. 

Clytie  IIair-streak. 

Size,  small.  Tails,  two.  Above  light  blue,  of  the  same  shade  as 
inLycaenapseudargiolus  with  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  blackish;  on 
outer  margin  of  hind  wings  is  a  black  line  preceded  by  a  white  one,  and 
on  that  near  outer  angle  is  an  orange  line.  Near  inner  angle  is  a  black 
spot  and  at  the  angle  is  an  orange  spot.  Grayish  white  beneath,  dark- 
est on  outer  margin ;  both  wings  are  edged  with  a  fine  red  lino,  and  are 
crossed  a  little  beyond  the  middle  by  a  row  of  elongated  red  spots,  white- 
edged,  and  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  hind  wings  takes  the  form  of  a 
W.  In  central  cell  of  fore  wings  is  a  red  bar,  and  on  hind  wings  a  red 
spot  on  upper  margin,  near  base,  and  two  smaller  ones  in  a  line  with 
it  in  the  middle  of  basal  ixirtion.  On  fore  wings  is  a  sub-marginal  row 
of  pale  crescents.    On  hind  wings,  between  bases  of  tails,  is  a  black 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTEUFUES. 


U;J 


triangle,  upon  a  large  orange  spot,  and  at  the  angle  is  a  black  spot  sur- 
mounted by  orange  ;  outer  tail,  white,  inner,  ])liu'k,  fringed  with  white. 
Expands  .HO.     Found  at  ^an  Antonio,  Texas,  auvl  in  Arizona. 

3G2.    TIIECLA  LEDA  Edw. 
Leda  Butteufly. 

Similar  to  T.  clytic,  but  diftcrs  in  being  violet  blue  above,  theeilging 
of  the  wings  is  brown,  not  red,  and  both  tails  are  Ijlack.  Expands  .85. 
Habitat,  Arizona. 

^)(::).  'illECLA  INES  Einv. 
Ines  Buttekfi.v. 
Size,  small.  Tails,  two,  inner,  long.  Lavemlcr  blue  above,  brown 
on  apex  of  fore  wings.  On  hind  wings,  between  bases  of  tailS;  is  a  round 
black  spot.  Tails,  black.  Yellowish  brown  beneath,  somewhat  cluud- 
ed  on  hind  wings.  On  fore  wings  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of  pale  l)rown 
crescents.  Within  these  is  a  nearly  straight  black  line,  white-edged 
outwardly,  and  there  is  a  straight  black  bar  in  middle  of  wing.  The 
hind  wingshav  e  an  irregular  line  across  outer  portion  f  jnuing  a  W  near 
the  inner  angle.  There  is  a  broAvn  patch  at  the  angle  and  a  faint  spot 
between  the  base  of  the  tails.     Expands  .80  to  .8;"). 

3(54.    TIIECLA  AUGUSTUS  Kiyby. 
Brown  Butterfly. 

Size,  small.  Tails,  absent.  Brown  above,  female,  with  brownis 
orange  spot  on  inner  angle  of  hind  wing.  Also  brown  beneath,  over- 
washed  Avith  greenish  on  apex  of  fore  wings  and  with  reddish  on  hind 
pair.  There  is  a  sub-marginal  line  of  black  points  on  both  wings,  fol- 
lomed  by  a  black  band  which  on  hind  wings  is  much  bent,  and  inside 
it  on  this  wing  the  base  is  wholly  brown,  reddish  tinted.  Expands, 
.85  to  1.10.  Habitat,  Northern  America,  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Eastern 
States. 


,ii 


3G5.    THECLA  IROIDES  Bd. 
Plain  Streak. 
Size,  small.    No  tails.     Upper  side  brown,  unspotted.    Lower  side 
also  brown,  reddish  on  hind  wings,  with  a  row  of  blackish  dots  on  outer 
portion.     Expands  1.00.    Found  from  British  Columbia  to  Arizona. 


If^i 


jl 

p 

I 

U-     ' 

!!    . 

f  i? 

Ij  , 

m 


^?.   i 


i   ,    t 


;:!i 


J 


144 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


360. 


TIIECLA  IRUS  GoDT. 

Pearly  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  T.  augustus,  but  differs  in  havinj*  more  prominent  teeth 
to  the  hind  wing,  Fig.  41,  c,  and  the  dark  line  crossing  wings  is  white 
bordered  on  the  outside,  and  the  outer  half  of  hind  wing  is  over  washed 
Avith  whitish.  Expands  1.00  to  1.25.  Habitat,  Atlantic  and  Western 
States.    Occurs  in  May. 

3G7.    THECLA  MOSSII,  II.  Edav. 
Moss'  Butterfly. 

Differs  from  the  type  in  having  no  teeth  to  hind  wings,  in  being 
brighter  chestnut  brown  above,  with  fringes  wholly  white,  not  alternate- 
ly wiiite  and  brown,  and  in  being  more  reddish  brown  beneath.  The 
marginal  spots  are  large,  distinct,  and  bright  ciiestnut  brown,  six  in  num- 
ber, each  surmounted  by  a  small  black  crescent.  Basal  portion  of  the 
hind  wing  dark  brown.    Habitat,  Vancouver's  Island. 

308.    TIIECLA  IIENRICI  Gr-Rob 

Henry's  Butterfly. 

Sim'.lar  +o  T.  iris  but  diliers  in  having  the  sex  mark  on  forewinga 
only  twice  as  long  as  wide,  not  three  times  as  in  irus.  The  outer  portion 
of  hind  wing  is  rusty  colored  and  the  teeth  are  shorter  and  the  first  be- 
yond the  inner  angle  do  not  curve  cutward.  Expands  .05  to  1.10. 
Found  in  West  Virginia. 

300.    TIIECLA  NIPHON  Hub. 

Black  and  White  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  T.  irus,  but  differs  in  having  the  line  on  fore  wing  bent 
outward  in  the  middle.  On  hind  wing  there  is  a  band  of  rusty  checkers 
crossing  outer  portion  in  a  brown  field,  and  the  basal  portion  of  wing  is 
checkered  with  rusty,  and  crossed  by  a  black  line.  Females  are  rusty 
in  middle  <  if  wings  above,  leaving  the  border  and  base  only  brown.  Ex- 
pands l.tiO  to  l.L'5.  Found  in  Atlantic  and  Western  States,  Colorado, 
Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia.    Occurs  in  ^lay. 

370.  TIIECLA  AFFINIS  Edw. 
Grekn  II/ir-streak. 
Size,  small.  No  tails.  Glossy  reddish  brown,  with  upper  and  out- 
er margin  of  fore  wings  blackish,  fringed  with  white.  Beneath,  uniform 
bright  green,  excepting  on  lower  border  of  fi)re  wing,  where  it  is  pale 
brownish  gray.  No  spots  on  either  surface.  Expands  about  1.00. 
Found  in  Utah. 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


145 


371.    TIIECLA  BEIIRII  Edw. 

Coppery  IIair-streak. 

Size,  small.  Tails,  two.  Bright  shining  copperish  yellow  above, 
broadly  bordered  with  blackish  on  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  and  nar- 
rowly on  outer  border  of  both  pairs.  Slaty  gray  beneath,  with  the  outer 
margin,  lined  with  black,  that  is  succeeded,  internally,  by  a  white  line. 
On  fore  wings  is  a  sub-marginal  band  of  orange  spots,  edged  internal- 
ly with  white  in  middle.  There  is  a  white  band,  black-edged  inwardly. 
On  hind  wings  is  a  sub-marginal  band  of  black  arrow-shaped  points,  of 
varying  sizes,  the  sixth  from  upper  angle  being  largest,  the  seventh  is 
nearest  outer  margin,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  large  red  spot,  tliat  is 
edged  by  a  black  crescent.  Beneath  the  eight  black  spot  is  a  grayish 
patch,  and  there  is  a  black  spot  aL  hnier  angle.  Crossing  wing  is  an 
irregular  wavy  white  line,  black-c '.ged  inside.  Expands  l.UUto  1.25. 
Found  in  California,  Nevada,  and  Colorado. 


372. 


TIIECLxV  FOTIS  Str. 

FoTis  Butterfly. 

Size  and  fonn  of  T.  augustus,  but  differs  from  it  in  being  grayish 
slate  on  both  surfaces,  and  there  is  a  line  of  sub-marginal  white  spots 
on  under  surface  of  hind  wings.     Found  in  Arizona. 

373.    THECLA  ERYniON  Bd. 
Lined  Butterfly. 

Size  of  T.  irus,  and  similar  above,  pale  beneath,  with  a  small  cen- 
tral patch  on  fore  wings,  and  a  wavy  band  of  blackish  arrow-shaped 
white-edged  spots.  On  hind  wings  is  an  overwashing  of  purplish,  and 
they  are  crossed  by  three  black  wavy  lines,  white-edged,  the  outer  be- 
ing composed  of  arrow-shaped  spots.  Found  in  California  and  Colora- 
do. 

374.    THECLA  DUMETORUM  Bd. 

Greenish  IIair-streak. 

Size,  small.  No  tails.  Greenish  brown  above,  unspotted.  Rusty 
beneath,  on  fore  wings,  thiged  with  greenish.  Greenish  on  hind  wings, 
with  a  row  of  black  dots  on  outer  p.irtion.  Expands  1.00.  Found  in 
California,  Oregon,  and  Nevada. 


I 


:%. 


li 


W.   i' 


I  III! 


146 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


375.    TIIECLA  APAMA  Edw. 


Apama  IIair-streak. 

Size,  small ;  no  tails.  Above,  blackish  brown,  fringed  with  ashy. 
Yellowish  brown  on  fore  wings  below,  washed  with  golden  green  over 
apex  and  uppermargin.  There  is  a  line  of  slender  black  marks,  white- 
edged  on  the  outside,  and  brown-edged  witliin,  crossing  from  uppermar- 
gin to  middle  of  wing,  and  there  is  a  similar  row  on  hind  wings,  but  the 
spots  are  more  separated,  and  the  upper  are  crescent-shaped.  At  inner 
angle  the  wing  is  white-edged  over  the  black  ring.  Expands  1.10. 
Found  in  Arizona. 


37G. 


TIIECLA  SIIERIDANII  Edw. 
Sheridan's  IIair-streak. 
For  description  of  this  species  see  appendix. 

377.    TIIECLA  FULIGINOSA  Edw. 

Sooty  Hair-streak. 
Size,  medium.  No  tails.  Ijlackish  brown  above,  fringed  with 
lighter.  Paler  beneath,  with  a  spot  near  center  of  fore  wings  and  a  double 
row  of  rusty  dots  on  outer  portion  of  both  wings,  the  outer  of  which  on 
fore  wing  is  very  indistinct.  Expands  1.30.  Found  in  California,  and 
Lake  Tahue,  Nevada. 


'"S. 


Oi 


THECLA  LAETA  Ej>w. 
Blue  Hair-streak. 
Size,  small.  Hind  wings,  square  on  outer  margin  and  without  tails. 
Above,  black,  with  the  inner  two-thirds  of  hhid  wings,  bright  blue.  ( In 
female,  this  is  confined  to  a  central  band  on  outer  portion  of  fore  wings.) 
Pale  blue  beneath,  dusky  at  base  of  wings,  fringed  outwardly  with  red- 
dish, and  there  is  a  band  of  reddish  spots  crossing  fore  wing,  and  twn 
rows  of  reildish  spi  its  cross  hind  wings.  Expands  1 .( )5  to  1 . 1 5.  F  ■)  und 
from  Maine  to  West  Virginia,  and  in  Atlantic  City.  New  Jer-ey,  Onta- 
rio, Quebec,  and  Arizona.    Rare  everywhere  excepting  Ariz.iua. 

37y.    THECLA  TITUS  Fab. 

Copper  Hair-streak. 

Size,  large.    No  tails.    Yellowish  brown  above,  sex  mark,  ashy. 

Beneath  a  little  paler,  with  a  row  of  black  dots  crossing  botii  wings,  light 

ringed  on  hind  pair.     Tliere  is  a  sul>marginal  l)and  of  prominent  coral 

'•"d  spots  on  hind  wings,  black-edged  on  outside  and  inside.    At  end  of 


111 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  VIII. 

1.  Debis  portlaiulia.  2.  Neonymphaeurytris.  3.  Coeno- 
nympha  elko.  4  Erebia  epipsodea.  5.  Geirocheilus  tritonia. 
6.    Hipparcliia  ridingsii. 


PLATE    VIII, 


i; 


Coeno- 
tritonia. 


s 


Nvrtli  Amnrlcan  ButtLrttli-i. 


e.  J.  M. 


il 


!«=: 


i 


II 


w 


-.11  . ' 


V' 

ill 

i 


li 


M 


at 


rfci. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


147 


central  cell  on  both  wings,  are  two  black  dots.  Expands  1.1  r>  to  1.40. 
Found  from  New  England  to  Arizona,  and  in  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Old 
Man's  River,  British  America. 


a  c  d  b  e  f 

Illustrating  the  trpnus  Thecla,  lower  side,  hind  win^' ;  ii,  augustua ;  b,  smilacisi  c,  irus ;  d,  ni- 
phon:  e,  titua;  f,  antennae  of  same. 

GENUS  LI. 
FENISECA.  RINGED  BUTTERFLIES. 
Size,  medium.  Colors  orange,  marked  with  dusky 
above.  Brown  mottled  beneath,  ringed  with  white  on  hind 
wings.  Fore  wings  triangular;  hind  wings,  ovaL  Anten- 
nae, a  little  longer  than  half  the  length  of  fore  wing.  Type 
F.  TARQUiNUs.     (  Plate  IX,  8. ) 

380.  FENISECA  TARQUINIUS. 
Brown  Mottled  Butterfly. 
Above  pale  reddish  orange,  with  outer  border  of  fore  wing  broadly 
margined  near  upper  and  lower  border,  more  narrowly  in  the  middle, 
and  very  narrowly  on  lower  border  with  brown.  Central  cell,  all  but  a 
narrow  strip  on  lower  side,  a  dot  near  its  end,  one  below  this,  and  an 
elongated  line  near  base,  dark  brown.  Base  and  upper  border  of  hind 
wing,  a  dot  at  end  of  central  cell,  and  a  sub-marginal  row  of  spots  also 
brown.  Lower  side  paler  than  above,  rusty  on  outer  and  upper  border 
of  fore  wings,  and  on  hind  pair,  with  seven  white-ringed  reddish  brown 
spots  on  fore  wing>i  as  in  plate,  and  with  numerous  white  ringed  spots 
of  a  more  rusty  hue  on  hind  pair.  Expands  1.15  to  l.oO.  Found  in 
Atlantic  States.  Rare  in  New  England,  Mississippi  Valley,  Ontario, 
and  Quebec. 

GENUS  LIL    CHRYSOPIIANUS.    COPPERS. 
Size, 'small.     Colors  reddish  or  brownish,  with  either 
one  sex  or  both  spotted  on  both  surfaces  with  darker.     Dif- 
fers mainly  from  Thecla  in  the  presence  of  the  spottings, 


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148 


NORTH  AMEllICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


and  in  the  n^ual  absence  oftails,  these  when  present  being 
ver^  short.     Type  C.  hypopiileas.     (  Plate  IX,  9.) 

3S1.    CIIRYSOPIIANUS  AROTA  Bd. 

Tailed  Copper, 

Size,  medium;  one  short  tail.  Sexes  dissimilar.  Above  brownish 
red,  with  outer  border  of  both  Avings  brown.  At  end  of  central  cellof 
fore  wing  is  a  line  uf  brown.  On  hind  wing  near  inner  angle  are  two 
black  crescents  orange-ringed  above  and  white  lined  below.  Tail,  orange. 
Fig.  52,  a.  Beneath,  yellowish  on  fore  wing,  ashy  on  outer  border  and  on 
hind  pair.  There  is  a  double  sub-marginal  row  of  white  crescents  on 
fore  wing,  dusky  lined  on  either  side.  Within  these  the  wing  is  crossed 
by  three  rows  of  black  spots  and  the  line  at  end  of  cell  is  repeated.  On 
hind  wing  are  two  zigzag  sub-marginal  bands  of  white,  inside  of  which  is 
is  a  narrower  one,  dusky  edged  within.  At  end  of  cell  are  two  lines, 
and  along  upper  border  are  three  white-ringed  black  dots.  The  mark- 
ings on  inner  angle  are  repeated  but  the  crescent  next  angle  is  ashy. 
Female  differs  in  being  pale  yellowish  red  above,  dusky  bordered  on  out- 
er margin  of  fore  wing,  Avith  two  rows  of  spots  and  the  line  at  end  of  cell 
all  dusky;  on  hind  wing  there  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of  bhu'l:  crescents 
in  an  ashy  border,  all  surmounted  with  orange;  within  tlds  is  a  dusky 
line,  crossing  wing,  and  a  line  at  end  of  cell.  Expands  1.10  to  1.20. 
Found  in  California. 

382.    CIIRYSOPIIANUS  VIRGINENSIS  Edw. 
Virginia's  Copper. 

Size  rather  large.  Tail,  present.  Similar  to  C  arota  but  differs 
in  larger  size,  and  slightly  indicated  line  at  end  of  cell.  Beneath,  the 
whole  surface  of  b^jth  wings  is  ashy,  the  sub-marginal  line  of  crescents 
being  confluent  on  fore  wnigs  and  the  band  wider  on  hind  pair  and  the 
spottings  are  larger  and  more  distinct.  The  female  differs  from  that  of 
arota  in  having  the  sub-marginal  line  of  black  crescents  on  hind  wing 
reduced  to  two  or  three  narrow  ones  near  inner  angle,  the  places  of  the 
remainder  being  occupied  by  orange  crescents,  and  the  spottings  are 
larger.  Expands  1.25  to  l.oO.  Found  in  California,  Nevada  and  Colo- 
rado. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  DUTTKRFLIES. 


149 


1.20. 


383.    CIIRYSOPIIANUS  HERMES  Euw. 
Hermes  Copper. 

Size,  small.  Tail,  present.  Pale  yellowish  red  above.  Upper  and 
outer  margin  of  fore  wings  brown.  There  is  an  irregular  row  of  brown 
spots  crossing  wing,  one  spot  at  end  of  cell  and  another  within  it.  On 
hind  wings  is  a  sub-marginal  row  of  dusky  spots,  and  a  spot  at  end  of 
cell.  Beneath,  pale  buff  with  outer  margin  grayish,  spots  on  f  jre  wings 
repeated.  On  hind  wings  the  basal  two-thirds  is  grayish,  and  a  margi- 
nal border  is  clouded  with  gray.  Tiicre  is  a  row  of  black  spots  crossing 
wing;  at  end  of  cell  a  line,  and  along  upper  margin  three  dots  and  three 
others  at  base.  At  inner  angle  is  a  black  spot  and  near  it  are  others  of 
dusky.    Expands  .DO.    Found  in  California  and  Nevada. 

384.    CIIRYSOPIIANUS  XANTIIOIDES  Bd. 

Slaty  Copper. 

Size,  very  large.  Tail,  very  short.  Fig.  ;j1,  b.  Slaty  blue  with  a 
dusky  line  at  end  of  cell  on  both  wings,  and  a  dusky  dot  in  coll  of  fore 
wing.  There  is  a  narrow  black  border  to  outer  margin  and  the  fringes 
are  white.  There  are  four  black  spots  on  outer  margin  of  hind  wing, 
that  nearest  inner  angle  a  crescent,  and  large,  the  next,  smaller,  and  tri- 
angular, these  two  are  surrounded  Avith  pale  orange,  tlie  next  two  are 
small.  Beneath,  pale  buff,  with  a  double  row  of  dusky  spots  near  out- 
er margin,  and  a  very  irregular  line  within  this,  three  in  central  coll  of 
fore  wing,  two  in  cell  of  hind  pair,  one  spot  below  this  on  both  wings,  and 
two  in  b;ise  of  hind  pair.  Tliere  are  two  oblong  crescents  near  inner 
angle.  Female  yellowish  red,  dusky  bordered,  within  wliich  is  a  line  of 
triangular  spots  black,  within  this  a  dusky  line  running  into  dusky  apex 
on  fore  wings.  There  is  a  line  of  black  spots  crossing  fore  wings,  and 
of  dusky  on  hind  pair,  one  black  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wings,  one  in  cell, 
and  one  below  it;  at  end  of  cell,  on  hind  wings,  is  a  dusky  line,  and  the 
base  of  both  wings  is  dusky.  Expands  1.40  to  l.oO.  Found  in  Cali- 
fornia. 


385.    CHRYSOPIIANUS  EDITIIIA  Mead. 
Edith's  Copper. 

•  Size,  medium.  No  tails.  Similar  above  to  C.  xanthoidcs.  Be- 
low grayer,  and  there  is  a  band  of  gray  on  the  outer  margin,  cut  by  a 
dusky  line,  which  begins  on  the  lower  margins,  and  extends  out  on  the 
lower  and  second  branch  of  the  middle  vein,  thus  leaving  a  white  black- 
pupiled  spot  on  inner  angle.     At  inner  edge  of  this  gray  band  the  white 


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150 


NORTH  AMERICAN  IJUTTERFLIES. 


edging  is  condensed  into  a  continuous  line  of  broad  crescents ;  other  spots 
as  usual.     Expands  1.25  to  1.30.    Found  at  Lake  Tahoe,  Nevada. 

386.  CHRYSOPIIANUS  GOllGON  Bu. 

Gorgon  Copper. 

Size,  lar<^e.  Tails,  absent,  but  the  inner  angle  of  hind  wings  is  pro- 
duced into  a  point,  Fig.  5  I.e.  Ab  )vc  reddish  brown  with  a  purplish 
tinge,  both  wings  bordered  with  dusky  and  fringed  with  white,  at  end  of 
central  cell  on  both  wings  is  a  dusky  line.  Yellowish  ash  beneath,  with 
a  marginal  line  on  both  wings  of  dusky,  within  which  is  a  double  row 
of  small  dusky  spots,  the  inner  row  being  crescent-shaped,  and  on  hind 
wings  tinged  with  orange  on  the  outside.  Within  this,  is  an  irregular 
roAV  of  black  spots,  also  crossing  both  wings,  a  spot  at  end  of  central  cell 
on  both  wings,  one  in  cell  on  fore  wingF,  and  two  on  hind  pair,  with  one 
spot  on  lower  border  of  fore  wing,  and  lv,'o  on  hind  pair,  and  two  at  base 
on  this  wing.    E.xpands  1.55.    Found  in  California  and  Nevada. 

387.  CHRYSOPIIANUS  TIIOE  Bd-Lec. 

Larue  Copper. 
Size,  large.  No  tails,  and  the  angle  of  hind  wing  is  rounded.  Dull 
yellowish  red  above,  with  outer  border  of  fore  wings  and  basal  three- 
fourths  of  hind  pair,  ashy  brown.  On  fore  wing  are  three  blaek  spots 
in  central  cell,  one  below  it,  and  a  row  of  spots  crosses  both  wing.  On 
hind  wing,  are  three  spots  in  cell,  the  outer  side  by  side,  and  a  sub-mar- 
ginal row,  all  black.  Beneath,  yellowish  red,  Avith  the  ashy  paler,  and 
restricted  on  outer  border  of  fore  wing,  to  the  upper  portion,  ami  there 
is  a  narrow  border  on  hind  pair.  Spots  above,  repeated,  but  with  ad- 
ditions as  follows,  a  double  sub-marginal  row  on  fore  wing,  a  second  sub- 
marginal  row  on  hind  wing,  and  three  spots  on  lower  border,  andf^ur 
at  base  of  this  wing.  Expands  1.50tol.()5.  Found  from  New  Eng- 
land, ("where  it  is  rare,)  to  Nebraska,  Ohio,  Kansas,  Colorado.  Ontario, 
and  Quebec. 

388.  CHRYSOPIIANUS  DIONE,  Scro. 

DioNE  Copper. 
Similar  to  C.  thoe,  but  differs  in  being  brownish  gray  above,  and 
grayish  white  bcneaih;  tlio  spottings  are  also  smaller.     Found  from 
Iowa  to  Kansas  and  in  Nebraska. 


i  NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


151 


380.    CimYSOniANITS  MARIPOSA  Reak. 

Chocolate  Copper. 

Size,  rather  small.  No  tails,  but  the  hind  wings  are  i)ro(hicc(l  in- 
to an  angle  on  inner  side.  Chocolate  liruwn  above,  fringed  uith  ligiiter 
and  bordered,  rather  narroAviy,  witii  black.  There  are  indications  (jf  a 
paler  crescent  at  inner  angle.  Ashy  ])eneath,  on  hind  wing,  and  on  up- 
per and  outer  border  of  fore  pair ;  remainder  of  fore  wings  pale  buflF. 
There  is  an  outer  double  line  of  spots,  dusky  on  hind  whigs,  and  out- 
wardly on  fore  pair,  darker  on  inner;  the  spots  in  these  lines  are  cres- 
cent-shaped. The  second  row  of  spots  are  found  on  fore  wings,  and 
separate,  crescent-shaped,  and  nearly  joined  together  on  hind  pair,  while 
the  line  is  much  curved.  Fig.  I'd,  d.  In  central  cell  of  fore  wing,  are 
three  spots,  the  one  at  end  double,  and  one  below;  three  in  cell  of  hind 
wings,  and  two  above  and  two  below.  Female,  reddish  yellow,  black 
bordered,  spotted  as  is  the  male  below  but  with  the  markings  enlarged. 
Below,  like  male.  Expands  1.20  to  l.oO.  Found  in  California,  Colo- 
rado, Montana,  and  Summet,  British  America. 

390.    CHRYSOPHANUS  ZEROE  Bd. 

Orange-bordered  Copper. 

Size,  small.  Hind  wing,  angular.  Reddish  brown  above,  with  a 
bar  at  end  of  cell  on  both  wings,  and  a  minute  dot  in  cell,  and  there  are 
a  few  minute  dots  on  hind  wing.  Fringes  lighter,  then  comes  a  nar- 
row black  border  represented  on  hind  wings  by  a  row  of  hemispheres 
on  an  orange  field.  Fig.  52,  e.  Pale  buff  beneath,  tinged  with  pink  on 
basal  portion  of  upper  border  of  fore  wing,  and  on  outer  third  of  both 
pair,  and  with  grayish  on  base  of  hind  wing.  There  is  a  narrow  mar- 
ginal line  of  dusky,  a  sub-marginal  row  of  three  crescents  on  lower  por- 
tion of  fore  wing,  a  row  of  spots  crossing  fore  wing ;  represented  on  hind 
pair  by  a  row  of  minute  dots,  on  side  of  which  ai'e  three  or  four  other 
dots ;  there  are  three  spots  in  central  cell  of  fore  wings  and  one  below 
it.  Female  below  as  in  the  male,  but  yellowish  red  above,  heavily 
marked  as  in  allied  species.  Expands  1.25.  Found  in  C  difornia  and 
Colorado. 

301.    CHYSOPHANUS  HELLOIDES  Bd. 

Spotted  Pink  Copper. 

Similar  to  C.  mariposa,  but  the  hind  wings  above  are  darker,  and 
the  male  is  spotted  like  the  female,  Fig.  53,  a.  Beneath,  the  pink  tint- 
ing extends  over  the  entire  surface  of  the  hind  wing,  where  the  orange 
zigzag  line  extends  further  toward  the  upper  border,  and  the  fore  wing 


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NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


is  reddish  yellow.    Expands  1.25  to 
Colorado. 


302. 


1.35.    Found  in  California  and 


CriRYSOPIIANUS  FLORUS  Edw. 
Florus  Copper. 
Size,  medium.  Brown  above,  with  a  purplish  reflection :  the  outer 
margin  being  bordered  with  dusky,  which  on  hind  wings  is  so  broad  as 
reach  nearly  to  the  first  line  of  spots  which  cross  both  wings  zigzag. 
There  is  a  bar  at  end  central  cell  on  both  wings ;  fore  wings  have  two 
spots  in  cell,  and  one  below  hind  pair,  one  in  cell,  connected  by  long  lines 
which  cross  the  basal  portion.  At  inner  angle  is  a  small  orange  patch. 
Yellowish  brown  beneath,  lighter  at  apex.  Black  spottings  repeated, 
but  enlarged,  and  in  addition  is  an  imperfect  row,  corresponding  in  po- 
sition to  the  inner  edge  of  the  black  border  on  the  upper  side.  Hind 
wings,  light  brown,  the  spots  repeated  in  dots  and  marks,  and  there  is 
a  sub-marginal  series  of  red  spots  from  inner  angle  to  middle  of  wing. 
Female,  dark  brown  with  some  yellow  niottlings  on  middle  of  fore  wings 
and  at  end  of  cell,  spotted  as  usual.  Expands  1.30  to  1.35.  Found  at 
Garrett's  Ranch,  British  America. 


a  b  c  d  e 

niuBlrating  the  genua  Chrysophanus,  upper  side,  hind  wing ;  a,  arota;  b,  xantholdes:  c,  gor- 
gon :  d,  marlposa;  e,  zeroe :  f,  antennae  of  same. 

393.    CHRYSOPHANUS  DORCAS  Kirby. 

Dorcab'  Butterfly. 

Similar  to  C.  epixanthe,  but  differs  in  having  the  hind  wings  more 
pointed  at  inner  angle  and  an  orange  tinting  along  upper  border  of  fore 
wing.  Expands  1.00.  Found  in  Kodiac,  Alaska;  British  America,  and 
Southern  Labrador. 

394.    CRYSOPHANUS  EPIXANTHE  Bd-Lec. 

Brown  Copper. 

Size,  small ;  no  tails.    Hind  wings,  angular,  but  not  pointed.    Brown 

above,  with  strong  violet  reflections.    There  is  a  bar  at  end  of  cell  on 

fore  wing,  a  spot  in  cell,  and  one  below  it ;  on  hind  pair,  a  bar  at  end  of 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


153 


cell,  sometimes  a  spot  within  it  and  two  spots  between  the  cell  anrl  out- 
er margin.  In  the  female  there  is  a  row  of  spots  crossing  both  Avings 
and  this  row  is  sometimes  seen  in  the  male,  the  two  spots  described  form- 
ing part  of  it.  There  is  a  orange  line  at  inner  angle,  enclosing  two  dark 
spots.  Beneath,  pale  yellowish  orange  tinged  on  outer  border  all  around 
with  reddish,  with  spottings  seen  in  female  repeated  in  both  sexes,  with 
an  extra  spot  in  central  cell  of  fore  wing,  and  three  dusky  crescents  on 
lower  side  of  outer  border ;  there  is  a  row  of  red  crescents  on  outer  bor- 
der of  hind  wings,  the  spots  are  represented  by  mere  dots  and  there  are 
two  or  three  extra  ones  along  upper  border.  Expands  .85  to  l.fK). 
Found  in  New  England,  Newfoundland,  Quebec,  Ontario,  British  Amer- 
ica, Kansas,  and  Ogden  City,  Utah. 

395.    CHRYSOPIIANUS  IIYPOFHLEAS  Bp. 

American  Copper 
Plate  IX,  8. 

Size,  small.  Bright  coppery  red  above  on  fore  wings,  dusky  bor- 
dered on  all  but  lower  side.  There  is  a  row  of  black  spots  within  the 
border  one  at  end  of  cell,  and  one  in  it.  Hind  wings  dusky  with  i;  nar- 
row line  at  end  of  cell,  and  an  elongated  sub-marginal  patch  of  coppery 
red,  with  aline  of  spots  along  outer  side,  and  within  this  borderiu  the 
dusky  area  is  usually  a  row  of  dots.  Beneath,  paler  on  fore  wing,  spots 
repeated,  whitish-ringed,  the  dusky  border  is  replaced  by  ashy,  and  the 
hind  wings  are  ashy,  spotted  as  in  Plate  IX,  8.  Expands  1.00  to  1.30. 
Found  in  Northern,  Middle,  and  Western  States,  California,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, Ontario,  Quebec  and  British  America  to  the  Pacific.  Occurs  from 
May  until  October. 

385a.  Chrysophanes  hypopiileas  fasciata  Str.  is  much  dark- 
er with  the  outer  row  of  spots  so  greatly  enlarged  as  to  reach  the  spot 
at  end  of  central  cell  and  in  some  cases  they  are  fused  into  a  wide  band. 
Fig.  53,  b.  Found  in  Eastern  Massachusetts,  occurring  at  tlie  same 
time  as  the  type  form,  but  is  rather  more  abundant  in  the  autumn* 

395b.  Chrysophanes  hypophleas  adrienne,  is  as  pale  as  the 
type  but  has  the  spots  on  the  upper  portion  of  fore  wing  reduced  to  the 
two  cellular,  there  not  being  a  trace  on  outer  border.  Found  in  Eastern 
Massa'chusetts. 

395c.  Chrysophanes  hypopaleas  feildeni  McLachl.  diifers 
from  the  type  in  being  more  brassy  above,  the  spots  arc  smaller,  and 
the  dark  border  is  narrower  and  grayer,  as  is  also  the  dark  of  hind  wings. 
The  sub-marginal  band  is  pale  orange :  also  paler  beneath.  Found  in 
Arctic  America. 


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154 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


396. 


CHRYSOPHANUS  CUPREUS  Edw. 

FiREY  Copper. 

Size,  small.  Hind  wings,  rounded  as  in  the  type,  C.  hj'pophelas. 
Above  bright  reddish  orange  •with  a  narrow  border  of  black.  There  is 
an  outer  row  of  spots  faintly  indicated  by  small  dots  and  lines,  a  spot 
at  end  of  cell  in  both  wings  and  a  spot  in  cell  of  fore  pair.  Female  with 
spots  larger.  Much  paler  beneath,  with  the  hind  wings  sprinkled  with 
grayish.  Spots  repeated  and  white-ringed,  there  are  two  extra  rows  at 
base  of  fore  pair  and  a  sub-marginal  row  crossing  both  wings.  Expands 
1.30.    Found  in  Shasta,  California,  and  Oregon. 

307.  CHRYSOPHANUS  SNOWI  Edw.  • 
Snow's  Copper. 
Size,  small;  no  tails.  Coppery  red  above;  outer  margin  broadly 
dusky  bordered  and  upper  margin  of  fore  wings  more  narrowly.  There 
is  common  line  of  black  dots,  and  outside  this  on  hind  wings  is  an  in- 
distinct line ;  there  is  a  long  bar  at  end  of  central  cell  and  a  small  dot 
in  cell.  Reddish  brown  beneath,  on  center  of  fore  wing ;  the  spots  are 
repeated,  a  little  larger,  and  there  is  an  extra  row  of  small  sub-margin- 
al spots.  At  end  of  cell  are  two  round  spots.  Hind  wings  gray,  tinged 
with  reddish;  a  sub-marginal  line  of  black  spots,  the  one  next  to  inner 
angle  largest,  and  nearly  covered  with  orange  ;  the  next  two  a  little 
dusted  with  orange,  and  below  each  of  these  is  a  black  point.  Spot  at 
end  of  cell  repeated,  and  there  are  three  spots  in  cell,  and  one  on  upper 
margin.  Female  paler  and  more  yellowish  below.  Expands  1.20. 
Found  in  Colorado. 

398.   HARYSOPHANUS  RUBIDUS  Behr. 
Behr's  Copper. 

Size,  large.  Above  bright  coppery  red,  strongly  tinged  with  violet. 
Fringed  with  white  and  bordered  with  a  narrow  line  of  black,  then  by 
a  line  of  paler  red  than  that  of  the  surface.  On  fore  wings  are  faintly 
indicated  spots  which  show  clearly  below.  Hind  wings  unspotted  on 
both  surfaces.  Beneath,  pale  buflF,  with  fore  wings  spotted  as  in  the 
Fig.  53,  c.  Expands  from  1.10  to  1.20.  Found  in  Oregon,  Nevada, 
and  Montana. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


155 


399  CIIRYSOPIIANUS  SIRIUS  Edw. 
SiRius  Copper. 
Similar  in  general  coloration  to  C.  rubidus,  but  diflfcrs  in  being  very 
much  more  strongly  tinged  with  violaceous  above,  all  of  the  surface,  ex- 
cepting borders  and  veins,  being  covered,  and  in  having  a  row  of  dots 
on  hind  wing  below,  one  in  cell,  and  one  below  this.  The  female  diifers 
from  that  of  rubidus  in  being  brown  a1)ove,  with  sub-marginal  band  of 
orange.  Expands  l.DO.  Found  from  Montana  to  Arizona,  and  at  Fort 
Mcleod,  British  America. 


GEIilUS  LIII.  LYCAENA.  BLUES. 
Size,  small.  Often  blue  above.  Avitli  or  without  spots, 
but  fre(iuently  spotted  beneath.  Hind  wings,  occasionally 
tailed.  The  difference  between  this  and  the  two  preced- 
ing genera  is  very  slight,  and  the  three  could,  without  gieat 
impropriety,  constitute  one  genus.  Type  L.  pseud  arc  iolus. 
(  Plate  X,l) 

400.  LYCAENA  HETERONEA  Bd. 
Varied  Blue. 
Size,  large.  Sexes,  dissimilar.  Above  bright  blue,  white-fringed 
and  black-bordered.  There  is  an  indication  of  a  row  of  dusky  spots  cross- 
ing both  wings,  and  within  this  the  surface  is  tinged  with  violet.  Be- 
death,  pale  buif,  with  a  double  row  of  spots,  crescent-shaped  outwardly 
on  fore  wings,  and  this  line  is  paler  on  hind  pair.  There  is  aline  at  end 
of  central  cell  on  both  wings,  a  spot  in  cell,  ( two  on  fore  pair, )  and  one 
below  it.  Female,  brown  above,  with  spottings  seen  below  repeated,  ex- 
cepting some  of  basal.  Expands  1.40.  Found  in  California,  Utah, 
Nevada,  and  Colorado. 

401.  LYCAENA  LYCEA  Edw. 
Purplish  Blue. 
Size,  medium.  No  tails.  Sexes,  not  very  dissimilar.  Purplish 
blue  above  with  a  broad  dusky  margin  on  outer  border  to  both  wings. 
Grayish  white  beneath,  with  both  wings  havhig  a  row  of  brown  dots ; 
a  second  row  of  eight  white-ringed  black  spots.  There  is  a  large  spot 
at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wing,  one  fainter  at  end  of  cell  on  hind  pair,  one 
above  it,  and  one  on  lower  Ijorder.  Female  differs  in  being  dusky  above 
excepting  basally,  and  in  having  the  spottings  indicated.  Expands 
1.20.    Found  in  Colorado,  Nevada,  Montana,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico. 


a 


156 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERHJES. 


402.    LYCAENA  DAEDALUS  Beh:  . 


Metallic  Blur. 

Size,  large;  sexes,  slightly  diflferent.  No  tails.  Purplish  blue 
above,  with  a  metallic  luster.  Upper  margin  of  fore  wings  next  base, 
silvery  blue,  and  along  the  inner  margin  of  hind  pair,  wliere  the  surface 
is  mostly  covered  with  long  hairs.  Outer  margin  of  fore  wings,  black 
edged  ;  on  hind  pair  there  is  a  black  line,  inside  which  is  a  black  band. 
On  middle  of  outer  margin  is  a  pair  of  black  spots  and  sometimes  there 
is  one  on  inner  angle.  There  is  a  bar  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wing ;  white 
beneath,  bluish  at  base  of  hind  wings.  Both  pair  are  edged  by  a  pale 
brown  line,  and  crossed  by  two  lines  of  black  spots.  Female  differs  in 
being  rusty  above,  central  surface  obscured  with  dusky,  brownish  be- 
neath.   Expands  l.oO.    Found  In  Southern  California. 

403.  LYCAENA  SAEPIOLUS  Bd. 

Greenish  Blue. 

Size,  small.  No  tails ;  sexes  not  greatly  dissimilar.  Greenish  blue 
above,  with  a  line  at  end  of  central  cell,  black-bordered  and  white-fringed. 
Beneath,  gray,  spotted  as  in  L.  daedalus.  Female  differs  in  being  dark 
brown  above.  Expands  1.12.  Found  in  California,  Nevada,  Colorado, 
Montana,  and  British  America. 

404.  LYCAENA  ICAROIDES  Bd. 

California  Blue. 

Large  size.  No  tails ;  sexes  not  greatly  dissimilar.  Violet  blue 
above,  narrowly  brown-margined  outwardly;  white-fringed.  Nearly 
white  beneath ;  a  line  of  six  spots  on  fore  wings,  and  a  double  line  in  hind 
pair,  outer,  paler ;  a  spo  at  end  of  each  central  cell;  on  hind  wings  all 
spots  are  white-ringed.  Expands  1.50.  Found  in  the  mountains  of 
California. 

oOoa.  Lycaena  icaroides  mayicopa  Beak,  is  similar  to  type 
but  differs  in  being  browner  above,  and  darker  below,  with  spottings 
larger,  and  the  size  smaller.    Expands  1.25  to  1.35.   Found  in  California. 

405.  LYCAENA  AMICA  Edw. 
Arctic  Blue. 
Size,  small.  No  tails;  silvery  blue  above,  brown-bordered  and 
white-fringed ;  line  at  end  of  central  cell  on  fore  wings.  Glossy  grayish 
white  beneath.  There  is  a  line  of  minute  spots  on  both  wings,  six  on 
fore,  and  five  on  hind  pair.  Spot  at  end  of  cell  repeated  on  fore  wing, 
and  two  spots  on  up]ier  margin  of  hind  pair,  one  in  middle  and  one  at 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


ir,7 


base,  and  a  sub-marginal  line  of  faint  dots,  and  another  of  brown  cres- 
cents.    Expands  1.10.    Found  at  Mackenzie  River,  Britisli  America. 

400.    LYCAENA  FULLA  Edav. 

Northern  Pacific  Blue. 

Size,  large.  Purplish  above,  dusky-bordered,  and  white-fringed ; 
■white  beneath,  tinged  with  grayish  brown.  There  is  a  blackish  bar  at 
end  of  central  cell  of  fore  wing ;  a  sub-marginal  band  of  faint  dusky  spots 
on  both  wings ;  (  with  traces  of  crescents )  within  this  is  a  series  of  black 
spots,  six,  large  on  fore  wings,  smaller  on  hind  pair.  There  is  a  dark 
spot  near  inner  angle,  much  back  of  the  line.  Female,  pale  brown,  a 
little  bluish  at  base.  More  deeply  tinted  with  brown  than  in  the  male. 
Expands  1.50.  Found  in  California,  Washington,  and  Vancouver's  Is- 
land. 

407.    LYCAENA  PEMBINA. 
Slave  Lake  Blue. 
Similar  to  L.  amicus,  but  differs  in  being  bluer  above,  in  having 
eight  dots  on  hind  wings  below,  and  a  spot  in  cell,  and  is  smaller    Ex- 
pands .85  to  1.00.    Found  at  Slave  Lake,  British  America. 

403.    LYCAENA  PHERES  Bd. 

Pheres  Blue. 

Violet  blue  above,  white-fringed  and  narrowly  black-bordered. 
Very  pale  gray  beneath  ;  six  black  spots  cross  fore  wing,  and  there  is 
one  at  end  cell ;  on  hind  pair  are  two  lines  of  white  spots,  also  a  bright 
spot  at  end  of  cell,  and  one  near  base,  none  of  the  spots  are  pupiled. 
Expands  1.25.  Found  from  California  to  British  Columbia,  and  in 
Nevada,  and  Colorado. 

408a.  Lycaena  pheres  evius,  Bd.  Differs  from  the  type  in  be- 
ing rather  darker  and  the  white  spots  on  hind  wing  below  are  black-pu- 
piled. 

409.    LYCAENA  PHELEROS  Bd. 

Dull  Blue. 

Size,  small.  No  tails.  Dull  purplish  blue  above,  dusky-bordered 
and  white-fringed ;  brownish  gray  beneath,  bluish  at  base  of  fore  wings. 
There  is  a  common  sub-marginal  line  of  small  black  crescents,  and  an 
inner  line  of  black  spots,  minute  and  white-ringed  on  hind  pair.  There 
is  a  dot  on  upper  margin,  another  in  cell,  and  at  end  of  cell  is  a  narrow 
line ;  on  fore  pair  a  larger  spot.  Expands  1.10.  Found  in  California, 
Utah,  Nevada,  and  Colorado. 


158 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


410.    LYCAENA  ARDEA  Edw. 

Heron  Blue. 

Size,  small ;  no  tails.  V  iolet  blue  above,  dusky-bordered  on  fore 
wings  and  black-lined  on  hind  pair ;  -white-fringed.  Yellowish  white 
beneath,  bluish  at  base  of  hind  wings.  On  fore  wings  is  an  imperfect 
line  of  four  white-ringed  black  spots  and  a  sub-marginal  Ihie  of  faint 
brown  crescents.  At  end  of  cell  is  a  black  spot ;  a  white  patch  at  end 
of  cell  on  hind  pair,  and  the  spottings  are  faintly  indicated.  Expands 
.95.    Found  in  Nevada. 

411.    LYCAENA  KODIAK  Edw. 

KoDiAK  Blue. 

Medium  size; no  tails.  Dull  violet  blue  above,  white-fringed  and 
narrowly  dusky  bordered.  Yellowish  white  beneath ;  there  is  a  white- 
edged  dusky  bar  at  end  of  central  cell  on  both  wings,  a  common  line  of 
dusky  spots,  and  a  sub-marginal  line  of  fainter  spots ;  on  hind  pair  a  si3ot 
on  cell  and  one  on  upper  border.  Female,  dusky  above,  blue  at  base. 
Expands  1.25  to  1.30.    Found  at  Kodiac,  Alaska. 

412.    LYCAENA  XERXES  Bd. 

Xerxes  Blue. 

Medium  size ;  no  tails.  Blue  above,  (female  grayish  brown)  white- 
fringed,  paler  beneath ;  a  white  spot  at  end  of  each  central  cell  and  a 
wavy  sub-marginal  line  of  white  spots.  All  spots  are  pupilless.  Ex- 
pands 1.12.  Was  formally  found  in  San  Francisco,  California,  but 
supposed  to  be  extinct. 

413.    LYCAENA  ANTIACIS  Bd. 

Occelated  Blue. 

Size,  rather  small ;  no  tails.  Violet  blue  above,  with  a  slender  black 
margin,  white-fringed.  Ashy  gray  beneath,  with  a  line  of  black  points, 
broadly  white-ringed;  there  is  a  crescent  at  end  of  cell  and  two  dots  in 
it,  all  white  ringed.  Female  blackish  above.  Expands  1.10.  Found 
in  California,  Nevada,  and  Arizona. 

413a.  Lycaena  ANTIACIS  BEHRii  Edw.  Glossy  lilac  blue  above, 
silvery  on  upper  margin  of  fore  wings.  Uniform  bluish  gray  beneath; 
edge  of  outer  margin  dark  brown,  white-lined.  On  fore  wings  is  a  bar 
at  end  of  cell,  outside  which  is  a  row  of  six  black  spots  broadly  white- 
ringed.  On  hind  wings  is  a  small  white  spot  on  upper  margin,  a  bar  at 
end  of  cell,  and  a  double  row  of  small  round  spots,  white-ringed,  and 
three  spots  near  lower  margin. 


M 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


lot) 


413b.     Lycaena  antiacis  orcus  Edw.  is  purplish  blue  with  spots 
very  pale,  and  yellowish  gray  beneath.    Found  in  California. 

414.  LYCAENA  COUPERII  Grout. 
Couper's  Blue. 
Rather  pale  blue  above,  white-fringed  and  narrowly  bordered, 
(broadly  in  female,  and  with  a  line  at  end  of  each  central  cell ).  Dusky 
gray  beneath ;  a  common  line  of  black  white-ringed  spots,  one  spot  at 
end  of  cell,  on  fore  wing,  one  on  upper  border  of  hind  pair,  and  one,  with- 
out pupil,  at  end  of  cell.  Fig.  o4,  e.  Expands  1.25.  Found  in  Anti- 
costi,  Southern  Labrador,  and  Newfoundland. 

415.  LYCAENA  LYGDAMAS  Doubl. 
Silvery  Blue. 
Medium  size.  Beautiful  silvery  blue  above,  gray-fringed  and  nar- 
rowly black-margined.  Gray  beneath  with  black  bars  at  end  of  cells 
and  a  common  sub-marginal  row  of  large  black  spots,  two  spots  at  base 
of  hind  wings,  and  one  a|t  base  of  fore  pair ;  all  spots  white-ringed.  Ex- 
pands 1.10  to  1.25.  Found  in  Michigan,  and  from  V^isconsin  to  Geor- 
gia, also  in  West  Virginia. 

41G.  LYCAENA  SAGITTIGERA  Feld. 
Arrow-head  Blue. 
Medium  size.  Dark  blue  above,  white-fringed,  and  widely  black- 
bordered.  ( female  more  so,  and  with  some  faint  orange  crescents  above 
border  at  inner  angle  of  hind  wings. )  Dusky  beneath ;  a  common  line 
of  black  crescents,  and  a  line  of  round  spots  inside  them;  the  space  be- 
tween the  lines  being  bluish  and  arrow-shaped  on  hind  pair.  Fig.  54,  b. 
Patch  in  central  cells,  bluish,  with  a  spot  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  pair  and 
two  dots,  side  by  side ;  one  on  hind  pair  and  one  above,  bluish  ringed. 
Expands  1.10  to  1.15.    Found  in  California,  Nevada,  and  Colorado. 

417.    LYCAENA  SPECIOSA  IL  Edw. 
Beautiful  Blue. 
Size,  very  small ;  no  tails.    Pale  silvery  blue  above,  black-margined 
and  broadly  white-fringed,  black  at  end  of  veins.    Pale  silvery  gray  be- 
neath, with  a  minute  dot  on  upper  margin  on  fore  wings,  and  a  series  of 
six  sub-marginal  spots.    There  ia  a  small  bar  at  end  of  cell,  and  a  dot 


lii 


160 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


on  lower  margin.  On  hind  wings  are,  a  basal  dot,  a  minute  point  at  end 
of  cell,  and  a  sub-marginjil  line  of  seven  small  spots ;  all  spots  black 
without  white  edges.  Female  dull  snKjky  above,  with  the  wliite  fringe 
alternated  with  black,  beneath  there  are  some  brownish  overwashings 
the  lower  margin  of  fore  wing  is  bordered  with  blackish,  and  the  spots 
Expands  .70.    Found  in  Southern  California. 


are  large. 


418. 


LYCAENA  SONORENSIS  Feld. 
Queen  Blue. 

Size,  small.  Blue  above,  black-bordered,  a  little  more  widely  at 
apex  of  fore  wings.  Fringes  white,  interrupted  by  black.  Three  black 
spots  on  fore  wings  beyond  central  cell,  and  below  them  a  bright  scarlet 
patch,  inside  which  is  a  black  dot ;  a  bar  at  end  of  cell.  On  hind  wings 
are  three  dots.  Beneath,  brown  with  a  row  of  bluish-ringed  black  spots ; 
a  bar  at  end  of  both  central  cells,  and  one  above  it  on  hind  pair.  The 
scarlet  spot  is  divided.  Female  has  the  black  spots  larger  and  there  is 
a  second  scarlet  patch  on  hind  wings.  Expands  1.10.  Found  at  Los 
Angelos  and  San  Bernardo,  California. 

419.    LYCAENA  PODARCE  Feld. 
Gray  Blue. 

Medium  size ;  no  tails.  Bluish  gray  above,  white-fringed  and  dus- 
ky-bordered ;  a  light  space  in  middle  of  both  wings  and  a  pale-ringed 
crescent  at  the  end  of  the  central  cells.  On  outer  border  of  hind  wings, 
is  a  row  of  white-ringed  black  spots,  Fig.  54,  c.  Very  pale  beneath, 
dusky  on  basal  half  of  both  wings.  There  is  a  faintly  indicated  sub- 
marginal  band  of  white-ringed  dots,  a  central  row  of  dots,  one  at  end  of 
each  cell,  two  dots  in  cell  of  fore  wings,  in  a  white  space,  side  by  side, 
one  in  cell  of  hind  pair,  and  one  above  and  one  below  it,  these  last  four 
white-ridged.  Female  brown  above.  Expands  1.15.  Found  in  Cali- 
fornia and  Nevada. 

420.    LYCAENA  AQUILO  Bd. 
Arctic  Blue. 

Similar  to  L.  podarce,  but  differs  in  being  smaller,  and  darker  be- 
low, where  the  spottings  are  clearer.  Expands  1.00.  Found  in  Labra- 
dor and  Arctic  America. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


161 


421.    LYCAENA  RUSTICA. 
Rustic  Blue. 

Similar  to  L.  podarce.  but  bluer  above,  with  the  marginal  band  of 
spots  on  hind  wings  above  wanting ;  less  ashy  beneath,  with  the  two  spots 
in  central  cell  of  hind  wings  absent.  Expands  1.15.  Habitat,  Colora- 
do and  British  America. 

422.    LYCAENA  ENOPTES  Bd. 
Dotted  Blue. 

Violet  blue  above,  rather  widely  black-bordered,  black-and-white- 
fringed  on  fore  wings,  white  on  hind  pair.  Beneath,  ashy  white,  with 
a  great  number  of  black  pale-ringed  spots.  On  hind  wings  the  two  out- 
er lines  of  dots  are  separated  by  a  series  of  five  yellow  crescents.  Found 
in  California,  Washington,  and  Arizona. 

423.  LYCAENA  ANNETTA  Mead. 
Annett's  Blue. 
Blue  above,  white-fringed,  silvery  on  upper  margin  of  fore  wings 
near  base.  Pale  bluish  white  beneath.  On  both  Avings  is  a  marginal 
series  of  small  dusky  spots,  preceded  by  crescents,  behind  which  on  huid 
wings  is  some  yellowish,  and  a  little  on  fore  wings.  On  hind  wings  are 
three  or  four  spots  near  inner  angle,  which  are  covered  by  pale  blue 
metallic  scales ;  there  is  a  dusky  bar  at  end  of  each  central  cell.  Fe- 
male, brownish  above,  and  yellowish  beneath.  Expands  1.05  to  1.25. 
Habitat,  Utah. 

424.  LYCAENA  ANNA  Edw. 
Anna's  Blue. 
Violet  blue  above,  white-fringed.  Whitish  beneath,  blue-tinted, 
most  strongly  at  base,  there  is  a  very  narrow  black  marginal  line,  a  sub- 
marginal  series  of  dots,  followed  closely  by  a  line  of  small  crescents,  and 
the  space  between  them  is  pale  orange..  There  is  a  central  band  of  dots, 
a  bar  at  end  of  each  cell,  a  spot  within  cell  on  hind  wing,  and  two  above 
it.  Female,  brown,  with  a  marginal  line  of  spots,  which  are  partly  en- 
closed by  a  series  of  pale  orange  crescents.  Expands  1.15  to  1.25. 
Found  from  California  to  Colorado,  also  in  Oregon,  Montana,  and  at 
Belly  River,  British  America. 


102 


NORTH  AMERTCAX  HUTTERFT.IE? 


42.J.    LYCAENA  PSEUDAllGIOLUS. 

Common  Blue. 

Tlate  X,  2. 

Blue  above  with  violet  reflections  ;  fore  wings  narrewly  edged  with 
black.  Beneath,  bluish  white ;  tliere  is  a  marguial  scries  of  pale  dusky 
dots  and  crescents,  a  common  band  of  black  dots,  a  faint  li""  at  end  of 
each  central  cell,  a  spot  in  cell  of  hind  wings,  and  a  spot  above  and  be- 
low this ;  spots  white-ringed.  Female,  with  fore  wings  broadly  b(jrdered 
with  black,  which  is  widest  at  apex,  and  there  is  a  marginal  series  of 
black  dots  on  hind  pair.  Expands  .00  to  1 .2.').  Habitat,  Alaska ;  Brit 
ish  America  to  Quebec,  Anticosta,  New  England  to  Georgia. 

Lucia  Kirby,  is  a  winter  foi-m,  appearing  in  Massachusetts  the 
last  of  April,  in  which  the  spots  below  are  enlarged,  and  those  on  mar- 
gin and  middle  are  run  together  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  Fig.  54,  d. 

Maroinata  Edw.,  another  winter  form,  appearing  with  lucia,  and 
in  which  the  spots  of  the  margin  of  hind  wing  only  are  fused  together. 
Found  in  Ontario,  and  from  Quebec  to  Long  Island  and  in  CoLjrddo. 

Violacea  Edw.,  also  a  winter  form,  has  the  spottings  below  quite 
distinct  and  prominent,  never  fused,  and  the  color  above  is  deep.  Has 
the  same  range  as  the  type  and  is  also  found  in  Pennsylvania  and  West 
Virginia. 

Nigra  Edw.,  is  a  dimorphic  form,  colored  below  as  in  violacea,  but 
black  above.    Found  in  West  Virginia  and  Colorado. 

Neglecta,  is  a  summer  form  very  pale  above,  with  the  hind  wings 
noticeably  paler  than  the  fore  pair  and  the  spottings  below  are  very  small. 
Found  in  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  from  New  England  to  West  Virginia, 
and  in  Montana  and  Nevada. 

425a.  Lycaena  pseudargiolus  cinerea  Edw.,  is  very  small,  ashy 
below,  where  the  spottings  are  inconspicuous.  Expands  S)0  to  1.00. 
Found  in  Arizona. 

425b.  Lycaena  pseudargiolus  arizonensis  Edw.  Deeper  blue 
above  than  in  the  type  and  a  little  more  asii,  below ;  female,  brownish 
above.    Found  in  Arizona.    Expands  L25. 

425c.  Lycaena  pseudargiolus  piasus  Bd.,  is  a  Pacific  form,  very 
bright  violaceous  above,  ashy  beneath,  with  the  spottings  very  minute 
and  pale.    Expands  1.10.     Habitat,  California. 

425d.  Lycaena  pseudargiolus  echo  Edw.,  somewhat  resembles 
the  Eastern  form  neglecta  being  very  pale  on  both  surfaces.  Found  in 
California  and  Arizona. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BrTTERFLIES. 


1G3 


Wings 


420.    LYCAENA  SCUDDERII  Edw. 

'  Scudder's  Blue. 

Similar  to  L.  battoidcs  but  differs  in  having  vliitc  fringes  above. 
(Female  brown  above  witli  a  sub-marginal  series  of  yelluw  crescents  on 
hind  wings. )  Gray  beneath,  not  yellowish,  there  is  no  spot  in  central 
cell  of  fore  wing,  and  the  sub-marginal  series  of  crescents  on  hind  pair 
areedged  inwardly  with  silver.  Expands  1.12.  Found  in  New  York, 
Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Ontario,  and  Lake  Lahaehe,  British  Columbia. 

427.    LYCAENA  AFRA  Edw. 

Saskn  Blue. 

Size,  small ;  no  tails.  Deep  blue  above,  dusky-margined,  very  broad 
on  fore  wings ;  yellow-fringed.  There  is  a  black  streak  at  end  of  cen- 
tral cell.  Grayish  below,  with  a  common  central  line  of  minute  black 
spots,  each  white-edged.  Streaks  at  end  c  f  cell  repeated,  but  slighter, 
and  white-edgea.    Expands  .90.    Found  at  bu^  in,  British  America. 

428.  LYCAENA  LOTIS  Llmtn. 

LoTis  Blue 

oize,small;  no  tails.  "Violet  blue  above,  blaclr-bordered and  white- 
fiihgcJ.  Gray  beneath,  spoHed  as  in  L.  scudilen,  diffnrs  in  having  the 
black  marginal  spots  on  the  hinu  wings  covered  with  greenish  metallic 
scales,  not  bluish,  and  outside  these  is  a  series  of  orange  cresents,  in- 
clined to  be  arrow-shaped.  Tiie  female  is  uniformly  brown  above  Ex- 
pands L2o  to  L30.    Found  in  Mendicinu,  California. 

429.  LYCAENA  ASTER  Edw 

Aster  Blue. 

Size,  medium.  No  tails.  Purplish  blue  above,  silvery  on  upper 
margin  of  fore  wings,  black-bordered  and  white-fringed.  On  hind  wings 
is  a  marginal  line  of  white  points.  White  beneath  on  fore  wings,  dusky- 
bordered*  There  is  a  sub-marginal  line  of  round  black  spots,  a  central 
line  of  black  dots  crossing  both  wings.  On  hind  wings  are  sub-margin- 
al metallic  spots,  each  surrounded  with  orange,  and  above  these  are  black 
crescents.  There  is  a  bar  at  end  of  each  central  cell,  broadest  on  fore 
•wings  4  a  dot  in  cell  on  hind  wings,  and  one  below  it.  Female,  dusky 
above  with  spots  larger ;  yellowish  below,  with  spottings  heavier.  Ex- 
pands LOO  to  LIO.    Habitat,  Newfoundland. 


ill 

In  ■■ 


164 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


111 


1 


m 


430.  LYOAENA  GLAUCON  Edw. 
Colorado  Blue. 
Size,  small.  Purplish  blue,  of  the  same  shade  as  L.  comyntas,  black- 
ish-bordered, which  is  of  equal  width  on  fore  wings,  wider  on  hind  pair, 
where  there  is  a  ser?'  3  of  crescents,  of  these,  two  at  inner  angle  are  some- 
what orange.  Grayish  brown  beneath,  tinted  with  blue  at  base  of  hind 
wings.  There  is  a  double  row  of  marginal  brown  spots,  the  outer  cres- 
cent-shape, and  indistinct  on  fore  wings,  but  larger  on  hind  pair,  while 
the  space  between  tde  two  lines  is  orange.  There  is  a  bent  bar  at  end 
of  cell,  two  spots  between  cell  and  upper  margin,  a  third  near  base,  and 
one  below  cell.  Female,  brown  above  with  a  marginal  row  of  brown 
spots  partly  enclosed  with  orange.    Expands  .95. 


Fig.  r, 


\ 


a  b  c  ti  e  f 

Illustrating  the  genus  Chrysophanus ;  a,  upper  side,  hind  wing,  hclloides;  h,  upper  side,  fore 
wing,  fasciata;  c,  adrieune :  c,  same  cpixanthe :  f,  antunnae  of  same ;  d,  lower  Bide,  nibiduB. 

431.    LYCAENA  BATTOIDES  Behr. 

Beiir's  Blue. 

Size,  small.  Dark  violet  blue  above,  dusky-margined  and  smoky- 
fringed.  Yellowish  gray  beneath,  v.ith  a  bar  at  end  on  each  cell  with 
a  central  and  sub-marginal  lino  of  spots,  the  latter  having  each  spot  sur- 
mounted by  a  crescent,  and  the  space  between  the  spot  and  crescent  is 
yellowish  and  there  is  a  spot  in  cell  of  fore  wing.  Expands  1.00.  Hab- 
tat,  California,  Nevada,  and  Colorado. 

432.    LYCAENA  SHASTA  Edw. 
Shasta  Blue. 

Size,  small.  Violet  blue  above,  tinged  with  pinkish,  broadly  dusky- 
margined  and  brown-fringed.  There  is  a  broad  spot  at  end  of  each  cell ; 
and  two  or  three  dusky  spots  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wings,  the  second 
surmounted  by  a  pale  3'ellow  crescent.  Grayish  white  beneath,  spots  at 
end  of  cells  repeated,  and  there  is  one  dusky  spot  in  cell  on  fore  wing, 
and  three  in  that  on  hind  pair.  Central  line  of  spots  dusky,  and  there 
is  a  fainter  sub-marginal  line  on  fore  wing,  each  spot  surmounted  by  a 
faint  crescent.  On  hind  wings  is  a  bordering  line  of  small  metallic  blue 
spots,  each  of  which  is  surmounted  by  a  dusky  crescent.  Female  brown 
above,  with  an  extra  line  of  j'ellow  crescents  on  inner  angle  of  hind  wings. 


aJL 


' 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


1(35 


\ 


Expands  l.CO.    Found  from  California  to  Oregon,  also  in  Utah,  Neva- 
<ia,  Montana,  and  Kansas. 

433.    LYCAENA  MELISSA  Edw. 

YeLLOW-S'^  ITTED  BlUE. 

Violet  blue  above,  bordered  by  a  black  line  and  white-fringed.  Pale 
gray  beneath,  bordered  as  above;  there  is  a  sub-marginal  line  of  bluish 
spots,  within  this  a  line  of  orange  spots,  dusky-edged  inwardly,  then  a 
line  of  black  spots ;  a  bar  at  end  of  each  central  cell,  one  in  cell  on  hind 
wings,  and  one  above  and  one  below  it.  Female  brown  above,  with  a 
marginal  series  of  black  spots,  within  which  is  a  series  of  orange  cres- 
cents, partly  enclosing  spots.  Expands  1.20  ts  1.25.  Found  in  Arizo- 
na, New  Mexico,  Colorado,  Nevada,  Montana,  and  Kansas. 

434.    LYCAENA  ACxMON  Doubl-Hewt. 
AcMON  Blue. 

Violet  blue  above,  edged  with  a  black  line  ;  on  hind  wings  is  a  row 
of  black  sub-marginal  spots,  succeeded  inwardly  by  a  narrow  band  of 
orange.  Fringe,  white ;  female  brown  above,  with  the  orange  sub-mar- 
ginal band.  Pale  blue  beneath,  with  a  sub-marginal  band  of  dots,  each 
surmounted  by  a  small  inwardly  black-edged  crescent ;  there  is  a  central 
line  of  dots,  a  bar  at  end  of  central  cells,  one  in  cell  on  hind  pair,  and 
one  above  it,  and  one  on  upper  border,  near  middle.  Expands  .75  to  1.00. 
Found  from  California  to  Washington,  and  from  Arizona  to  Montana. 

435.  LYCAENA  COMYNTAS  Golt. 
Tailed  Blue. 
Size,  small;  one  tail  on  hind  wings.  Deep  blue  above,  with  violet 
reflections,  dusky  bordered,  (female  wholly  dusky)  the  border  being  of 
about  equal  width  on  both  wings.  There  is  a  marginal  series  of  black 
dots  the  two  first,  near  tail,  being  surmounted  by  an  orange  crescent, 
Fig.  54,  a.  Whitish  beneath,  margined  with  a  double  black  line,  then 
a  line  of  black  dots  followed  by  a  line  of  crescents,  then  a  central  line 
of  spots,  a  line  at  end  of  each  cell,  a  spot  in  cell  of  hind  wing,  and  one 
above,  and  below  it ;  all  spots  are  pale  and  white-ringed.  The  spots  and 
orange  crescents  on  inner  angle  are  repeated,  but  the  former  are  black, 
and  are  ringed  with  metallic  gold.  Expands  1.00  to  1.20.  Found, 
from  the  Atlantic  States  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  in  Colorado. 


166 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


'i; 


fir 


f 


i 


11-' 


4;]0,    LYCAENA  AMYNTULA  Bd. 

Western  Tailed  Blue. 
Quite  similar  to  L.  co  mvntas  in  form  and  general  markings,  but 
diifcrs  in  having  the  border  in  fore  wings  above  -wider  at  apex  than  else- 
where. Beneath,  there  is  only  one  of  the  spots  on  inner  angle  gold  en- 
circled. Expands  1.2r>  to  l.oO.  Found  in  California,  Washington,  Ari- 
zona, Nevada,  and  at  Calgarry,  British  Columbia. 

487.    LYCAENA  MONICA  Beak. 

Purplish  Blue. 

Tails,  present.  Purplish  above,  blue  at  base ;  at  inner  angle  sre 
two  black  dots  in  a  white  field,  but  with  no  orange.  Beneath,  similar 
to  L.  comyntas,  with  the  orange  crescent  at  inner  angle  of  hind  wings, 
but  the  black  dots  are  without  golden  rings.  Expands  1.25.  Found 
in  Southern  California  and  Arizona. 

437.    LYCAENA  ALCE  Edw. 

Blackish  Blue. 

Brownish  black  above,  glossed  with  violet  blue,  with  the  bordering 
line,  broadest  at  apex  of  fore  wmg.  There  is  a  black  dot  at  inner  angle 
of  hind  wing;  beneath  dark  ashy,  spotted  much  as  in  L.  comyntas,  but 
the  central  line  is  larger.  There  is  a  yellowish  crescent  over  the  third 
black  spot  on  inner  angle  of  hind  wing,  and  the  first  and  third  spots  are 
surrounded  with  golden  green  atoms.  Expands  .88.  Habitat,  Colora- 
do, New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  Kansas. 

439.  LYCAENA  GYAS  Edw. 

Pale  Violet  Blue. 

Pale  violet  blue  above,  unspotted,  excepting  a  dusky  dot  at  inner 
angle;  pale  brown  below.  There  is  a  common  row  of  pale  spots  and  on 
fore  wings  a  trace  of  crescents ;  there  are  faint  lines  at  end  of  each  cell ; 
there  is  a  spot  in  cell  of  hind  wings,  and  two  others  above  this.  The 
marginal  row  of  spots  on  hind  wings  indistinct,  excepting  first  two,  which 
are  black.    Expands  .Jio.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

440.  LYCAENA  CYNA  Edw. 

Texas  Blue. 
Purplsh  blue  above,  broadly  dusky-bordered  on  fore  wings,  more 
narrowly  on  hind  wings ;  at  end  of  central  cell  is  a  faint  streak.    Pale 
yellowish  brown  beneath,  slightly  washed  with  white.    On  both  wings 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


167 


is  a  marginal  series  of  buiF  spots,  preceded  by  a  wavy  line  of  the  same 
color,  all  on  white  ground.  There  is  a  central  row  of  brown  spots,  on 
fore  wings,  eight  and  large;  on  hind  wings,  seven  and  small ;  a  bar  at 
end  of  each  central  cell.     Expands  .00. 

441.    LYCAENA  FILENUS  Poey. 
Southern  Blue. 

Size,  small ;  tails,  present.  Violet  blue  above,  of  the  same  shade 
as  L.  comyntas,  narrowly  black-bordered,  and  with  a  black  dot  on  outer 
margin  of  hind  Aving,  not  far  from  inner  angle.  Beneath  ashy,  white- 
fringed ;  there  is  a  double  scries  of  marginal  crescents  bluish  white,  then 
a  central  row  of  dusky  spots,  bluish  white-encircled ;  a  dusky  white-edged 
crescent  at  end  of  each  central  cell  and  four  white-ringed  black  spots 
near  base  of  hind  wing,  the  three  upper  larger  and  very  dark.  The 
spot  seen  above  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wing  is  black,  orange-ringed 
and  sprinkled  with  green  metallic  atoms  on  the  outer  edge,  Fig.  i'li,  b. 
Female,  brown  above,  tinged  with  bluish.  Expands  .75  to  .95.  Habi- 
tat, Gulf  States. 

442.    LYCAENA  AMMON. 
Florida  Blue. 

Similar  above  to  L.  filenus,  but  the  white  fringe  is  cut  by  the  black 
veins.  Beneath,  also  similar  to  filenus,  but  diftcrs  in  having  the  space 
between  the  outer  and  middle  bands  of  spots  white,  broadest  on  hind 
wings,  and  there  are  two  black  spots  near  inner  angle  of  hind  wings  both 
ringed  with  metallic  blue  scales  and  the  one  nearest  the  angle  is  sur- 
mounted with  an  orange  crescent.  Female  differs  in  having  a  border 
of  black  on  upper  and  outer  border  of  both  wings,  and  a  marginal  scries 
of  blue  crescents  on  hind  wings :  tlicrc  are  two  black  spots  near  inner 
angle,  the  second  surmounted  by  an  orange  crescent.  Expands  1.05. 
Habitat,  Cuba  and  South-eastern  and  Southern  Florida. 

440.  LYCAENA  THEONUS  Luc. 
West  Indian  Blue. 
Size  and  general  coloration  of  L.  filenus,  but  differs  in  having  no 
black  spot  on  hind  wi)igs  aljove,  but  all  on  the  markings  below  show 
through.  The  marginal  markings  beneath,  are  similar  to  those  of  file- 
nus, but  within  these  are  about  six  rather  broad  dusky  bands,  the  third, 
fifth,  and  sixth,  counting  from  base  on  f  jre  wing,  reach  only  half  across 
wing,  and  the  first  within  the  marginal  bands  on  hind  pair  are  promi- 
nent on  the  center  only,  thus  leaving  white  spaces  on  buth  wings.  On 
inner  angle  of  hind  wings  are  two  black  spots,  encircled  with  green  met- 


168 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


I 


allic  atoms,  and  ringed  with  pale  yellow,  Fig..  r>-l,  c.    Expands  .00  to  .95. 
Habitat,  West  Indies,  Key  West,  and  Sanford,  Florida. 

444.    LYCAENA  MARINA  Rear. 

Marina  Blue. 

Similar  to  L.  theonus,  but  is  larger,  and  all  of  the  bands  beneath 
cross  the  wings  excepting  the  seventh  and  eighth.  Expands  .85  to  1 .05. 
Found  in  Southern  California  Southern  Colorado,  and  Arizona, 

445.    LYCAENA  ISOPHTHALMA  Herr-Schaeff. 

Dwarf  Blue. 
Size,  very  small.  Yellowish  brown  above,  with  a  marginal  line  of 
black  dots  on  hind  wings.  Paler  beneath,  with  both  wings  crossed  with 
six  or  seven  rows  of  elongated  white  dots  or  short  lines,  and  at  base,  by 
a  row  of  rings.  On  outer  margin  of  hind  wings,  in  a  buff  field,  are  six 
black  spots  edged  outwardly  by  golden  metallic  atoms.  Expands  .75. 
Found  in  Florida  and  Georgia.    Fig.  54,  d. 

446.  LYCAENA  EXILIS  Bd. 
Pigmy  Blue. 
Size,  exceedingly  small.  Generally  similar  to  L.  isophthalma,  but 
diflbrs  in  being  more  reddish  brown  above.  Beneath,  the  base  of  fore 
wings  is  plain  brown  with  no  markings  and  there  arc  three  dusky  dots 
in  base  of  hind  wings,  no  rings.  White  markings  as  in  isopthalma, 
but  the  sub-marginal  space  on  hind  wings  is  white,  the  first  sub-margi- 
nal dot  at  inner  angle  is  double,  and  covered  with  greenish  metallic  atoms, 
and  the  two  at  outer  angle  are  also  covered  with  metallic  green,  others 
black,  greenish  on  outer  side  only.  Expands  .50  to  .75.  Found  in  Cal- 
ifornia, Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Colorado,  Texas,  and  Florida. 

Family  V.    HESPERIDAE.    The  Skippers. 

Size,  small  to  medium.  Legs,  six.  Antennae,  with 
club  usually  hooked  teriminally.  Flight,  rapid,  and  sphinx- 
like. 

GENUS  LIV.    CARTEROCEPITALUS.    PIGMY  SKIPPERS. 
Size,  small.     Colors  brown,  or.inge   spotted  above. 
Fore  wings,  long  and  triangular;  hind  wings,  short  and 
rounded.     Terminal  process  of  club  of  antennae,  hooked. 
Type,  C.  mandan.     (Plate  X.  2.) 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  IX. 

1.    Satyrus  alope.        2.    Chionobas  semidea.        3.    Libythea 
bachmani.  4.     Lemon:as    vi.gulti.  5.    Calephelis  caenus. 

6.    Eur.emaatala.        7.    Thecia  poeos.        8.    Feniseca  tarquinus. 
J.    Chrysophanus  hypophleas. 


PLATE    IX. 


I 


3 


[iibythea 

caenus. 

rquinus. 


J 


-•v 


\ 


*  / 


^'onh  American  Cuttoi-flics 


8 


6 

C.  J.  M. 


p:-: 


NORTK   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


169 


447. 


CARTEROCEPHALUS  MANDAN.    Edw. 
Dwarf  Skipper. 
_  Dark  brown  above,  slightly  yellowish,  dull  orange-spotted  as  follows  • 

2'h  f  fT.  "'""  ^™'  '''*"'  "^"'^^'^  of  fore  wing,  another  across  mid- 
dle, t  0  of  these  nearer  outer  margin,  than  the  others  ;  two  large  patches 
an  cell  a  small  spot  on  lower  side  of  cell,  and  another  bolow  it ;  on  hind 
wmg,  three  rows  of  spots.  Beneath,  paler,  with  the  light  markings 
larger  and  nearly  run  together,  and  there  is  an  additional  spot  on  hind 
wmgs  o^^r  basal  Expands  1.50.  Habitat,  White  Mountains,  x\ew 
Hampshire,  and  m  Maine. 

448.     CARTEROCEPHALUS  OMAHA  Edw. 
Omaha  Skipper. 
Smaller  than  the  last,  brown  above,  on  fore  wing  orange-margined- 
then  a  sub-marginal  row  of  spots,  broken  opposite  cell,  two  upper  spots 
outside  the  line,  a  broad  orange  patch  in  middle  of  wing,  with  a  brown 
streak  in  central  cell.    Paler  brown  beneath,  overwashed  with  orange 
spots  repeated  but  enlarged.    Expands  1 .00.    Habitat,  West  Virginia 
Colorado,  and  California.  ^ 

GENUS  LV.    ANYCLOXYPHIA.    MARGINED  SKIPPERS. 

Size,  very  small.     Colore,  brovai,  with  orange  patch 

in  middle  of  both  wings,     Both  wings,  long  and  narrow. 

Body,  long  and  slender.     Club  of  antennae,  with  terminal, 

minute,  and  not  hooked.     Type  A.  numitor.    (Plate  X,  3.) 

440.  ANCYLOXYPHIA  NUMITOR  Fab. 
Bordered  Skipper. 
Brown  above,  orange-fringed,  and  with  more  or  less  distinct  orange 
patch  in  center  of  fore  wing,  containinga  black  dash,  central  patch  bright- 
er onhmd  pair,  and  reaching  inner  margin.  Orange  beneath,  including 
body,  with  a  triangular  patch  of  dark  brown  in  center  of  fore  wincr  reach- 
ing lower  margin.  Expands  1.00  to  1.10.  Found  from  Maine'to  Ne- 
braska and  to  Texas. 


170 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


m 


i: 


m 


GENUS  LVI.    COrAEODES.    YELLOW  SKirrERS. 

Size,  small ;  colors,  yellowish,  brown-bordered.  Fore 
wings,  long  and  triangular,  hind  i)air,  short,  and  also  tri- 
angular. Body,  short  and  st(nit.  Antennae  with  terminal 
process  of  club,  sm.all  and  blunt,  not  hooked.  Type  C. 
WRiGiiTii.     (Plate  X.  4.) 

4o0.    COPAEODES  WRIGIITII  Edw. 

Wright's  Yellow  Skipper. 

Yellowish  orange,  paler  beneath,  narrowly  bordered  with  dusky, 
excepting  on  lower  border,  this  being  broken  into  dots  on  lower  surface. 
There  is  an  oblique  dash  across  middle  of  fore  wiug  above,  and  some 
dusky  scales  on  hind  wing  below  near  base.  Expands  .80.  Habitat, 
Mohave,  California. 

451.    COPAEODES  MYRTIS  Edw. 

Arizona  Yellow  Skipper. 

Bright  reddish  orange  above,  brown-bordered  all  around,  excepting 
lower  margin  of  fore  wings,  outwardly  on  fore  wings  broadest  atapex- 
narrowing  to  lower  margin,  narrowly  on  upper  half  of  our  temargin  of 
hind  wings,  and  on  loAver  margin,  but  broadly  on  upper  margin.  Browm 
on  lower  surface  of  fore  wings,  yellowish  at  apex,  and  there  is  a  black 
stripe  from  base  to  lower  angle.  On  hind  wings  wholly  yellowish.  Ex- 
pands .80.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

452.    COPAEODES  ENNUS  Edw. 

Pale  Yellow  Skipper. 

Similar  to  C.  wrightii,  but  differs  in  being  much  paler  above,  there 
is  no  black  border  to  outer  margin  of  fore  wings,  this  being  restricted  to 
upper  margin,  and  on  this  wing  there  is  a  black  stripe  along  lower  mar- 
gin of  base,  in  addition  to  the  oblique  dash.  Expands  1.00.  Habitat, 
Kern  River,  California. 

4o3.    COPAEODES  PROCRIS  Edw. 

Procris  Skipper. 

Bright  glossy  yellow  above,  dusky  near  base  of  upper  margin  of 

fore  wing ;  there  is  a  straight  black  streak  below  central  cell  on  a  ridge 

raised  above  the  surface.    Beneath,  paler  on  hind  wings :  at  base  of  fore 

pair  is  a  black  patch,  not  reaching  upper  margin,  and  extending  half 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


171 


PERS. 
2(1,     Fore 
d  also  tri- 
1  terminal 
Type  C. 


ith  dusky, 

cr  surface. 

,  and  some 

Habitat, 


excepting 
?t  at  apex» 
margin  of 
!•  Brown 
is  a  black 
'ish.    Ex- 


3ve,  there 
itrictedto 
^ver  mar- 
Habitat, 


nargin  of 
n  a  ridge 
se  of  fore 
ling  half 


way  along  lower  margin,  tlicu  projecting  a  slioi-t  streak  upward.  Fe- 
male differs  in  being  brownish  on  fore  wings.  Expands  .W.  Found  in 
Texas,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  Southern  California. 

4.U.    COPAEODES  ARENE  Edw. 

Arexe  Skipper. 
^  Size  of  the  preceding,  and  of  the  same  ground  color,  but  differs  in 
havmg  the  outer  and  lower  margin  of  fore  wings  dusky-bordered,  and 
the  upper  margin  edged  with  the  same.  At  end  of  central  cell  are  two 
short  dusky  lines.  There  is  a  broad  dusky  border  on  hind  wings  on  up- 
per  margin,  and  a  narrow  edge  along  outer  margin.  Beneath ,  fove  wings 
are  lighter,  and  dusky-bordered  along  lower  margin.  Jliud  win<rs,  paler 
and  unspotted.     Expands  .90.     Found  in  Texas  and  Arizona." 

GENUS  LVIl.    THYMELICUS.   BROAD-WINGED  SKIPPERS. 
Size,  small ;  colors,  plain  brown.     Wings,  broad  and 
triangular.     Antennae,  very  short,  club  large  and  without 
terminal  process.     Palpilong.     Body,  long  and  slender 
Type  T.  garita.     (Plate  X,  5.) 

4oo.    THYMELICUS  GARITA  Reak. 

Orange-tinted  Broad- wing. 
_     Brown  above,  with  violet  reflections ;  upper  border  of  fore  winces 
tmged  with  orange,  this  beneath  is  cut  with  whitish  veinincr.s,  and  the 
vemmgs  on  hmd  wing  are  whitish,  and  the  surface  exceptinrr  near  low- 
er margin  is  sprinkled  with  whitish ;  fringes,  whitish.    Explinds  1  00 
Habitat,  Colorado,  Dakota,  and  Fort  Ellis,  British  America. 

4oG.    THYMELICUS  POWESCHIEK  Park. 

Parker's  Broad-winq. 
Larger  than  the  last,  colors  similar,  differs  in  having  the  apex  of 
of  fore  wings  whitish,  and  the  fringes  are  brown,  white  at  base     Ex- 
pands 1.20.    Habitat,  Iowa,  Illinois,  Montana,  and  Colorado. 

GENUS  LVIII. 

PAMPHILA.    ORANGE  AND  BROWN  SKIPPERS. 

Size,  small  to  medium;  colors  brown,  often  prominent- 
ly marked  with  orange.  Fore  wings,  long  and  triangular, 
hind  pair  short  and  rounded;  body,  short  and  thick.  °  An- 


172 


NOHTU  AMERICAN  BUTTERFI  lES. 


il! 


tennjie,  of  medium  length,  and  with  the  terminal  process 
of  the  club  long  and  hooked.  The  male  usually  has  a  black 
dot  on  fore  wings.     Type  P.  peckius.     ( Plate  X,  6.  ) 

457.  PAMPHILA  MASSASOIT  Scud. 

Yellow  Cross  Skipper. 

Size,  medium.  Brown  above,  without  markinj^s,  but  occasionally 
with  a  row  of  three  faint  spots  near  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  and  in 
center  of  hind  pair.  Reddish  brown  on  fore  wings  beneath,  with  three 
small  reddish  dots  near  the  outer  portion  of  upper  border,  and  a  mar- 
ginal band  of  reddish,  widest  above.  Dusky  orange  on  hind  wings,  with 
a  large  yellow  cross  in  middle,  with  the  arms  bent  down,  the  shaft  rest- 
ing on  base  of  wings.  Fig.  5;"),  a.  Female  has  the  spottings  above  more 
constant.  Expands  1.10  to  1.40.  Habitat,  Eastern  and  Middle  States 
(Rare  in  Massachusetts)  Nebraka,  Texas,  and  Colorado.  Occurs  ia 
June. 

458.  PAMPHILA  ZABULON  Bd-Lec. 
Yellow-frinuld  Brown  Skipper. 

Orange  above,  bordered  outwardly  on  fore  wing  and  slightly  on  low- 
er margin,  and  all  around  on  hind  wing  with  brown.  There  is  a  black 
dash  across  bend  of  cell  on  fore  wing.  Fig.  54,  e,  and  one  slightly  indi- 
cated on  hind  pair  and  the  brown  border  is  indented  opposite  the  cell  on 
both  wings.  Beneath,  similar,  but  yelloAvish,  with  brown  border  paler^ 
not  as  extended,  and  wanting  on  upper  border  of  hind  wing,  and  slight- 
ly washed  with  whitish.  Female  similar,  but  darker.  Expands  1.20 
to  1.25.    Occurs  in  May  and  June  in  Massachusetts. 

458a.  Pamphilia  hobomok,  Harr.  Similar  to  type,  but  differs 
in  having  the  brown  markings  more  extended,  there  being  a  brown  patch 
above,  and  beyond  the  black  dash  across  end  of  cell,  leaving  two  spots 
between  this  and  the  border,  Fig.  54,  f 

Pocahontas  Scud.,is  a  dark  form  of  the  female  in  which  the  whole 
surface  is  brown  with  an  outer  line  of  whitish  si.ots  most  clearly  defined 
above,  larger  below  and  somewhat  diflused,  Fig.  55,  b ;  there  are  traces 
of  a  spot  in  central  cell,  and  one  in  middle  of  hind  wing.  Beneath, 
tinged  with  purplish  white;  black  dash  present  on  both  surfaces  of  fore 
wing. 

QuADRAQUiNA  Scud.,  is  also  a  dark  form  of  the  female  in  which 
there  is  no  spot  in  the  central  cell  of  fore  wing,  and  none  on  hind  pair, 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


178 


process 
s  a  black 
G.) 


icasionally 
igs,  and  in 
with  three 
,nd  a  map- 
ings,  with 
shaft  rest- 
bove  more 
die  States 
Occurs  ia 


tly  on  low- 
is  a  black 
jhtly  indi- 
the  cell  ou 
rder  paler^ 
md  slight- 
>ands  1.20 

)ut  differs 
own  patch 
two  spots 

the  whole 
•ly  defined 
are  traces 

Beneath, 

ces  of  fore 

in  which 
hind  pair, 


the  spots  ofthe  outer  line  are  small,  tinged  with  purplish  below,  but  the 
brown  is  brighter  and  has  a  decided  bronzy  reflection.  All  of  these 
forms  occur  in  Massachusetts,  at  least,  with  the  typical  P.  zabulon. 

450.  PAMPIIILA  TAXILES  Edw. 
Western  Brown  and  Orange  Skipi-eu. 
Similar  to  P.  zaljulon,  but  differs  in  having  the  orange  greatly  ex- 
tendedabuve,  the  brown  being  reduced  to  anarrow  edging.  Hind  winyis 
mottled  beneath  with  yellow  and  pale  reddish  brown.  The  female  is 
dusky,  mottled  above  witli  yellowish  and  also  on  hind  wings  below.  Ex- 
pands 1.10  to  1.20.  Found  in  Arizona,  Colorado,  Nevada,  and  South- 
ern CaUfornia. 

4G0.  PAMPIIILA  LASUS  Edw. 
Arizona  Skipper. 
Similar  to  P.  ottce  above ;  pale  yellow  beneath,  on  upper  border  of 
fore  wings  and  on  whole  of  hind  piiir,  tinged  with  greenish.  Part  of  cen- 
tral cell '' fire  wing,  orange,  black  at  base  and  along  lower  margin; 
there  is  a  buff'patch  on  middle  of  oiuor  border  and  above  this  is  an  orange 
patch  near  margin.  On  upper  border  are  three  white  spots  and  an 
oblii^ue  row  across  middle  of  outer.  Hind  wings  have  the  upper  mar- 
gin mottled  with  brown ;  the  upper  and  middle  veins  and  branches  clear 
white,  and  crossing  outer  portion  of  Aving  is  a  band  of  Avhite  confluent 
spots  bent  at  right  angles  near  middle ;  must  ofthe  spots  are  slightly 
edged  with  black  outwardly.  There  is  a  small  white  spot  with  black 
scales  on  inner  side  in  central  cell,  and  the  ends  ofthe  veins  are  dotted 
with  brc  wn.    Expands,  1.40.    Found  in  Southern  Arizona. 

461.    PA^IPIIILA  BURICOLA  Bd. 

Yellow-green  Skipper. 
Yellow  above,  with  a  narrow  brown  border  with  the  black  dash  like 
that  of  P.  Columbia,  divided  lengthwise  by  a  fine  whitish  line.     Yellow 
beneath,  strongly  greenish  tinged.     Expands  1.10  to  1.20.     Found  in 
Napa  County,  California. 

4G2.    PAMPIIILA  SASSACUS  IIarr. 

Pale-spotted  Skipper. 

Size,  medium.  Orange  above,  brown-bordered  all  around  on  both 
wings,  on  fore  pair,  widest  outwardly,  \ery  narrowly  above  and  below; 
on  hind  wings  widest  on  lower  margin.  Within  the  border  on  fore  wing 
is  a  brown  oblong  patch,  reaching  nearly  to  the  dash,  and  between  this 
spot  and  the  border  are  two  nearly  square  orange  spots,  and  above  the 


174 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


tJ 


I  * 


m 


■Hi 


m 

5* 


brown  spot  three  others  longer,  and  divided  from  the  orange  within  by 
a  faintly  dusky  patch.  The  dash  is  black,  long  and  slender,  with  both 
edges  straight  for  two-thirds  its  length,  then  it  is  broken,  and  the  end 
of  the  basal  third  extended  beneath  the  outer  portion;  both  portions  are 
divided  in  the  middle  by  a  silvery  white  line.  Beneath  paler,  with  base 
of  fore  wings  dusky,  and  the  markings  seen  above  faintly  indicated;  on 
hind  wing  is  a  fiintly  defined  band  of  pale  spots  on  outer  portion,  with 
one  or  two  at  base.  Female  generally  similar,  but  with  the  brown  pre- 
dominating, and  the  orange  is  pale.  Beneath,  dusky,  and  the  light 
markings  are  better  defined  than  in  the  male.  The  space  above  occupied 
by  the  dash,  and  below  it  is  brown,  and  there  is  a  brown  i)atch  in  cen- 
ter of  fore  wing.  Expands  l.(X)  to  1.2.").  Habitat,  New  England  and 
New  York  to  Nebraska  and  Georgia,  Florida  and  Colorado.  Occurs  in 
Massachusetts  in  June.    Fig.  5o,  e. 


Fig.  o-t, 


1  e  d  c  1)  a 

a,  iipiior  f.\t\t',  hiiiil  win;,'.  I.yfMcn:!  cumyiitiis;  li,  lnworsidi'  siiiiic,  L.  fllctnis  ;  c,  Bamc,  L.  tliconus; 
d,  same,  L.  isoijlithalnia  ;  o,  uijper  sulo,  fun'  wiuis,  PMm|jInla  zahulon;  f,  Bamo,  i".  z.  holMimck. 

403.  TAMPIIILA  NEVADA  Scud. 
Nevada  Skipper. 
Similar  to  P.  sassacus,  but  differs  in  having  the  border  less  distinct 
above,  the  dash  is  nidcr,  not  as  long,  and  at  the  division  of  the  central 
line  sends  out  a  projection  above  and  below,  firming  a  short-armed  cross. 
Beneath,  grecnisli-tingod  over  surface  of  hind  wing,  and  on  apex  of  fore 
pair,  where  the  spottings  are  nearly  white.  i)n  lungs  are  five  or  six 
irregular  white  spots  dusky-edged,  Fig.  T);"),  c.  Expands  1.00  to  1.35. 
Found  in  Nevada,  Colorado,  Arizona,  and  British  America.  Occurs 
in  June  and  July. 

464,  rAMPIITLA  COLORADO  Scud. 
Colorado  Skipper. 
Very  similar  to  P.  sassacus  above,  but  the  sjtots  at  apex  of  fjre 
wings  are  smaller,  and  the  dash  is  not  straight  on  upper  edge.  Beneatli, 
not  as  green  as  in  P.  nevada,  and  there  are  two  bent  white  snots  on  hind 
wing,  one  within  tlie  otlior,  Fig.  ;"»,";.  d.  broken  in  the  female  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent.  Ex])ands  1.00  to  l.l.*-».  Found  in  California,  Washing- 
ton. Colorado,  and  British  America. 


■within  by 
with  both 
ifl  the  end 
)rtions  are 
with  base 
icated;on 
tion,  with 
)rown  pre- 
the  light 
)  occupied 
ch  in  cen- 
;land  and 
Occurs  in 


a 

,  L.  tluioiius; 
loliumck. 


3  distinct 
e  central 
ed  cross. 
3x  of  fore 
ve  or  six 
'  to  1.35. 
Occurs 


X  of  fore 
beneath, 
on  hind 
greater 
'ashing- 


NORTII  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


1.. 


4G4a.    Pamphila  Colorado  idaiio  Edw.,  is  paler  than  the  type, 
being  grayish  yellow  beneath.     Occurs  in  July. 

405.    PAMPHILA  OREGONIA  Edw. 
Oregon  Skipper, 
Similar  to  P,  Columbia,  but  paler  above,  grayish  yellow  below  and 
the  outer  bar  on  hind  wing  frequently  assumes  the  form  of  spots.    Ex- 
pands 1 .00  to  1 .25.    Found  in  California.  Nevada,  and  British  America. 

4GG.  PAMPHILA  COLUMBIA  Scud. 
Columbia  Skipper. 
Paler  than  P.  sassacus  above,  with  the  bordering  not  extending 
along  upper  margin  of  fore  wing,  nor  is  there  any  dusky  within  the  three 
upper  spots  on  apex ;  the  dash  is  a  long  oval,  with  the  division  of  the 
central  line  slight.  Beneath,  green-tinted  on  extreme  apex  of  fore  wings 
only,  and  not  on  lower  border  of  hind  pair,  where  there  is  a  straight 
white  bar,  within  which  are  two  white  spots,  Fig.  55,  f.  Female  with 
spot  on  outer  border  of  hind  wing  beneath  extended  and  curved.  On 
fore  wing  above,  is  a  white  spot,  beyond,  a  brown  spot  in  middle  of  wing, 
extended  below.    Expands  1.00  to  1.25.    Found  in  California. 

4G7.  PAMPHILA  MANITOBA  Scud. 
Northern  Skipper. 
Similar  in  color  to  P.  sassacus  above,  with  the  dark  area  more  ex- 
tended, the  spot  on  hind  wing  being  reduced  to  a  band;  spottings  on 
apex  of  fore  wing  small,  and  the  dash  is  about  as  in  P.  Colorado.  Quite 
green  beneath,  with  spottings  on  hind  wings  very  small,  Fig.  i'tij,  e. 
Female,  similar  to  sassacus  above  with  a  continuous  band  on  outer  por- 
tion 0^  hind  wing  beneath,  and  two  spots  within  it,  Expands  LIO  to 
1.35.  Found  in  Lake  Winnipeg,  British  Columbia,  Wasliington,  and 
California.    Occurs  in  July. 

4GS.  PAMPHILA  JUBA  Scud. 
JuBA  Skipper, 
'Size,  rather  large.  Paler  than  P.  sassacus,  spottings  at  apex  of 
fore  wings  above  distinct  and  large,  and  tlie  dash  is  much  as  in  sassa- 
cus. Green-tinted  beneath,  on  hind  wing,  and  apex  of  fore  pair,  where 
the  spottings  are  repeated  white,  and  there  is  another  white  spot  below 
the  three  upper.  On  hind  wings  are  about  four  white  spots,  the  outer 
long.  Fig.  55,  g.  Expands  1.25  to  1.50.  Found  in  California  and  Colo- 
rado. 


176 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERtLIES. 


h!i 


i. . 


^i 


i 

i 


468a.    Pamphila  juba  viridis  Edw.    Similar  to  type,  but  dark- 
er,above  and  below,  where  the  hind  wings  are  thickly  dusted  with 
golden  green  scales.    Found  in  Los  Vegas,  New  Me.xico. 

469.  PAMPHILA  IIARPALUS  Edw. 
Orange-streaked  Skipper. 

Similar  to  P.  sassacus,  but  lacks  the  brown  patch  in  apex  beyond 
end  of  dash,  but  the  three  orange  spots  are  present.  The  dash  is  long, 
slender,  and  bent  down  a  little  at  base.  Hind  wings  brown,  with  an 
orange  streak  through  central  cell  nearly  to  outer  margin.  Beneath, 
quite  similar  to  sassacus  but  rather  more  tinged  with  ochreous  at  apex 
of  fore  wings.    Expands  .95.    Habitat,  Nevada. 

470.  PAMPHILA  PAWNEE  Dodge. 

Pawnee  Skipper. 

Rather  large  size;  orange  above,  broadly  bordered  with  brown. 
There  are  three  small  orange  spots  at  apex  of  fore  wings :  at  end  of  cen- 
tral cell  is  a  small  black  line,  and  a  yellowish  white  spot  in  cell ;  dash 
large  and  black,  followed  by  a  brownish  shade.  There  are  two  square 
orange  spots  in  apex  below  the  three,  which  separate  an  oval  brown 
patch  from  th^  border.  Hind  wings  brown,  dusted  heavily  Arith  orange 
along  upper  bidder  and  more  narrowly  along  the  outer  margin.  Be- 
neath, both  win^'^s  are  pale  yellow  unspotted.  Female,  pale  brown,  with 
purplish  reflections.  There  is  a  large  square  spot  of  white  in  cell  and 
a  row  of  white  spots  along  outer  margin  of  fore  wings,  and  a  row  on 
fore  wings,  and  a  row  of  similar  spots  on  hind  pair.  Expands  1.45. 
Found  in  Nebraska  and  iMontana. 

471,    PAMPHILA  OTTOE  Edw. 

Plain  Yellow  Skipper. 

Size,  rather  large.  Orange  yellow  above,  slightly  black  bordered ; 
dash  large,  Fig.  56,  a,  and  outside  of  it  is  a  slight  spot.  Beneath,  a 
little  paler,  without  markings.  Expands  1.50.  Found  in  Nebraska, 
Indian  Territory,  and  Arizona. 

472.    PAMPHILA  ^ABELUS  Edw. 

Cabelus  Sk:i'1'i:r. 

Yellowish  orange  above,  broadly  edged  with  pale  dusky  on  f  )rc  wing, 

and  more  nar'*owly  on  hind  i)air.     Dash,  long,  slender  and  curved.     On 

upper  border  of  fore  wings  are  two  cr  three  little  in<listinct  spots,  and 

two  minute  ones  opposite  the  cell.     Reddish  orange  beneath,  yellowish 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


177 


at  apex  and  aiong  outer  margin,  a  little  black  at  base  anrl  at  inner  angle. 
Hind  wings  golden  orange,  with  a  few  small  spots.  Expands  1.20  to 
1.30.    Found  in  Nevada  and  California. 

478.    TAMHPILA  NAPA  Edw. 
Allied  Skipper. 
Similar  to  P.  mystic  above,  but  pale  orange  yellow  below,  with  nc 
markings  on  hind  wings,  those  on  fore  Avings  repeated.     Female,  simi- 
lar to  male,  the  black  dash  is  replaced  by  a  dusky  patch.     Expands  1.25. 
Found  in  Colorado. 

'174.  PAMPHILA  METEA  Scud. 
White-banded  Skipper. 
Yellowish  brown  above,  orange-tinted  at  base  of  fore  wings;  dash, 
long  and  slender,  elevated  and  black,  divided  by  the  lower  branch  of 
middle  vein ;  outside  of  dash  is  a  triangular  patch  of  buff;  at  end  of  cell 
two  elongated  dots,  outside  these,  near  margin,  two  square  spots,  above 
these,  near  upper  border,  three  others,  all  buff.  On  hind  wings  is  an 
arrow-shaped  mark  of  buff  with  the  point  nearly  touching  outer  margin. 
Both  wings  are  narrowly  black^edged  and  yellowish-fringed ;  beneath,  a 
little  yellower  with  markings  repeated,  but  larger  and  paler  on  fore  wing, 
and  on  hind  the  arrow-shaped  mark  reaches  from  near  the  base,  on  up- 
per portion,  to  near  the  lower  border  at  inner  angle,  and  sends  spurs  out 
along  the  veins,  two  of  which  connect  with  a  patcii  nearer  base,  all  these 
marks  being  whitish.  Fig.  oG,  b.  Female,  similar,  browner,  with  the 
spottings  whiter  and  more  restricted  on  both  surflices.  Expands  1.10 
to  1.15.  Found  in  Texas,  Colorado,  New  York,  Connecticut,  andat 
Scituate,  Massachusetts,  where  I  have  taken  it  the  second  week  in  ^lay, 

475.  PMAPIIILA  RHESUS  Edw. 
Brown-banded  Skipper. 
^  Glossy  brown  above,  with  three  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing,  below 
which  is  an  oblique  bar  of  white  spots  and  a  spot  at  end  of  central  cell. 
Hind  wings,  unspotted,  fringed  with  dull  white.  Beneath,  dusky  on 
fore  wings,  bordered  on  upper  margin  with  greenish  yellow,  spots  re- 
peated more  distinctly :  hind  wings  dusky  on  upper  and  outer  margin, 
broadly  bordered  with  greenish  yellow,  with  white  markings  much  as 
in  P.  metea,  but  narrower.  Female,  paler,  all  spots  distinct  and  the 
white  band  seen  below  is  repeated  above.  Expands  1.15.  Found  in 
Colorado  and  Arizona.  • 


'/ 


178 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


47G.  PAMPIIILA  CARUS  Edw. 
South-western  Skipper. 
Size,  medium.  Pale  brown  above,  slightly  yellow-tinted ;  two  mi- 
nute spots  in  apex,  and  two  others  beneath  them,  yellowish  Avhite ;  an 
obscure  spot  at  end  of  central  cell.  Dash,  short  and  black ;  hind  wings 
with  a  curved  row  of  indistinct,  minute,  yellowish  white  spots  on  upper 
half  of  wing.  Fringes,  dull  white.  Brown  below,  dusted  with  yellow- 
ish on  upper  and  lower  margins  of  both  wings.  Spots  repeated  on  fore 
wings,  with  an  extra  one  at  apex,  two  at  end  of  cell,  and  tAvo  in  it.  On 
hind  wings,  spots  enlarged ;  also  a  large  spot  in  cell.  Expands  1.10  to 
1.25.    Found  in  Western  Texas  and  Arizona. 

477.    PAMPHILA  UNCAS  Edw. 
Uncas  Skipper. 

Size,  large.  Dusky  above ;  cell  of  fore  wing  and  patch  below  dash, 
orange  yellow,  outer  portion  washed  with  yellow,  containing  a  row  of  five 
yellow  spots.  Dash,  narrow,  jet  black,  and  contracted  in  the  middle. 
Hind  wings,  heavily  washed  with  yellow,  excepting  on  upper  border, 
orange-tinted  in  central  portion,  white-fringed.  Gray  beneath,  ycllo"  • 
washed;  spots,  repeated,  white,  and  these  on  outer  margin  of  fore  wing 
run  together  in  three  groups.  On  hind  wings  are  two  very  much  bent 
bands,  the  outer  not  reaching  lower  margin.  Female,  with  the  base  and 
outer  portion  of  fore  wing,  and  a  broad  band  from  base  to  outer  margin, 
washed  with  orange.  On  outer  portion  of  fore  wings  is  a  broken  row  of 
spots,  whitish,  excepting  the  last  whicli  is  yellowish,  and  a  small  spot 
at  end  of  cell ;  on  hind  wings  the  spots  below  show  indistinctly,  beneath 
as  in  male.  Expands  l.oo  to  1.00.  Found  from  Delaware  to  Ohio; 
from  Dakota  to  Arizona,  and  in  British  America. 

478.  PA:\IPII1LA  LICINUS  Edw. 
Texas  Skipper. 
Size,  medium.  Dusky  above,  with  a  large  orange  patch  in  center 
of  fore  Aving,  within  which  is  the  dash,  which  is  long,  narrow,  and  slight- 
ly curved,  dusky,  velvet  black  at  the  extremities.  There  are  three  spots 
in  apex,  two  below  these,  opposite  cell,  and  a  small  orange  spot  at  end  of 
dash  nearly  connected  with  tlie  central  patch.  On  hind  wings  is  a  large 
sub-triangular  patch,  dusky  in  center.  i)alor  toward  outer  portion  ;  fringe, 
graA'ish.  Beneath,  brown,  overwaslied  vath  oi'ungeon  upper  margin  of 
fore  wing,  especially  next  base;  spots,  repeated,  with  tAvo  extra  at  end 
of  cell,  and  tAvo  larger  yellowi.sh  white,  bcloAv  dash,  reaching  luAvermar- 


f3 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


179 


;  two  mi- 
ivhite;  an 
lul  vings 
on  upper 
h  ycllo^v- 
3(1  on  fore 
1  it.  On 
Is  1.10  to 


low  dash, 

■ow  of  five 

e  middle. 

sr  border, 

1,  yello-  - 

fore  wing 

ucli  bent 

base  and 

margin, 

en  row  of 

nail  spot 

beneath 

;o  Ohio; 


n  center 
1  sliglit- 
ce  si)Ots 
\t  end  of 
s  a  large 
;  fringe, 
argin  of 
a  at  end 
er  mar- 


in.  On  hind  wings,  is  a  row  of  small  white  spots,  connected  so  as  to 
form  a  continuous  line,  bent  at  right  angles ;  two  dots  in  cell.  Expands 
1.35.    Habitat,  Southern  Arizona. 

479.  PAMPHILA  SEMINOLE  Scud. 
Seminole  Skipper. 
Size,  medium.  Brown  above  with  violet  reflections,  with  base  and 
tipper  margin  of  fore  wing  sprinkled  with  yellowish ;  three  small  spots 
in  apex,  two  below  opposite  cell,  three  larger  below  these,  one  in  each 
interspace  of  middle  vein,  and  a  bar  at  end  of  cell,  all  yellow.  Dash, 
narrow,  black.  Hind  wing,  unspotted,  greenish-tinged.  Beneath,  more 
strongly  washed  with  yellowish,  this  taking  the  form  of  a  band  across 
hind  wing,  where  it  sends  out  a  bar  on  each  side  in  the  middle,  and  con- 
tains a  round  dusky  spot ;  spots  on  fore  wings  repeated,  enlarged.  Fe- 
male similar  but  lacks  the  bar  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wing  and  has  very 
little  yellow  ovcrwashing  above.  Expands  l.oo.  Habitat,  New  Jersey, 
North  California,  Florida  and  Iowa. 

480.    PA^IPIIILA  ATTALUS  Edw. 

Attalus  Skipper. 

Female,  dusky  above,  somewhat  suffused  with  orange ;  on  brewings 
are  three  small  spots  in  apex;  a  large  spot  at  end  of  cell,  a  triangular 
one  below  it,  another  triangular  below  this  and  a  patch  below  all.  On 
hind  wings  is  a  row  of  indistinct  yellow  spots  bent  at  right  angles  so  as 
to  be  nearly  parallel  to  outer  and  upper  margins.  On  hind  wings  be- 
neath, yellowish  ochracous,  dusky  on  lower  side  of  fore  wings,  spots  re- 
peated wlui  two  extra  spots  opposite  cell  on  fore  Aving,  and  four  spots 
on  hind  wing  near  outer  margin.    Expands  1 .10.    Habitat,  Texas. 

481.  PA^irniLA  SNOWI  Edw. 
Snow's  Skipper. 
Form  similar  to  that  of  P.  moKj'isonii.  Orange  above,  with  a  broad 
brown  border ;  from  end  of  dash  a  patch  extends  toward  apex,  and  back 
of  this  is  a  band  of  yellowish  orange,  following  around  dash  and  ending 
at  middle  of  lower  margin;  above  dash  to  upyier  margin  and  base  is  red- 
dish orange.  Dash,  long  and  in  the  shape  of  a  narroAV  ridge,  somewhat 
brown-edged.  On  hind  wings  is  a  yellowish  orange  band  bent  at  right 
angles.  Reddish  orange  beneath  on  fore  wings,  brown  along  upi)er  mar- 
gin, l)and  repeated,  u])per  ])art  in  white,  lower  in  yellow ;  apex,  reddish 
brown.  Hind  wings,  dark  rusty,  dusted  with  tluU  orange,  clearer  orange 
in  middle,  yellow  on  upper  margin ;  band  repeated,  puie  white  and  iu 


180 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


W 


V 


■ffl'' 


<v 


m 


(i 


;;i-'i;  I 


1 


cell  is  a  longitudinal  white  band  ;  female,  similar.    Expands  1.30. 
itat,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona. 


Ilab- 


482.  PAMPIIILA  LEONARDUS  IIarr. 
Leonard's  Skipper. 
Size,  large.  Brown  above  with  basal  half  of  fore  wing,  and  an  ar- 
row-shaped band  on  hind  wing,  deep  orange,  beyond  which  the  wing  is 
ovcrwashed  with  orange.  At  apex  on  fore  wing  are  three  spnts,  two 
below  these  somewhat  widely  separated  and  a  wedge-shaped  spot  at  end 
of  dash  ;  all  orange.  Dash,  black,  widest  at  base  with  a  raised  orange 
division.  Fig.  oG,  c.  Beneath,  deep  rusty  orange  spots  on  fore  wings  re- 
peated but  yellower,  and  there  are  two  extra  ones  at  end  of  central  cell. 
Below  cell  is  a  large  triangular  yellow  patch  on  a  dusky  field.  On  hind 
wings  the  band  is  repeated  in  separate  white  spots  with  an  extra  white 
spot  at  end  of  cell.  Female  similar,  but  there  is  a  tinting  only  of  orange 
at  base  of  fore  wing  and  there  is  a  band  of  yellow  spots  at  end  of  cell; 
band  on  hind  wings  is  straighter,  and  yellow  below ;  spots  on  fore  wing 
below,  repeated,  as  in  the  male.  Expands  l.-!.")  to  1.50.  Found  from 
New  England  (rarely  in  Massachusetts)  to  West  Virginia,  at  Indian 
River,  Florida,  and  in  Kansas  and  Quebec. 

483.    PAMPIIILA  MESKEI  Edw. 

Meske's  Skipper. 

Size,  very  large.  Dash  in  two  sections,  black,  the  outer  a  smooth 
ridge,  inner  short,  behind  dash  is  a  rough  blackish  patch.  Dark  brown 
above,  with  reddish  orange  markings  as  follows,  three  small  spots  near 
apex  of  fore  wing,  two  below  these  opposite  cell,  and  an  oblique  line  of 
larger  spots  below  these,  which  merge  into  the  reddish  orange  of  the 
central  cell  and  base.  There  is  an  obscure  patch  in  middle  of  fore  wing, 
and  some  indistinct  spots  between  this  and  the  outer  margin.  Under 
sides  of  hind  wings  and  ajiex  of  fore  wings  bright  rusty  orange,  unspot- 
ted on  hind  pair,  with  spots  on  fore  wings  repeated  indistinctly,  dusky 
at  base.  Female,  similar  above  to  male,  but  dusky  at  base  of  fore  wings, 
and  the  spoiS  on  hind  pair  arc  more  distinct,  and  arc  repeated  below. 
Expands  1.50  to  1.(50.     Found  in  Texas  and  at  Indian  River,  Florida. 

484.    PAMPIIILA  YUMA  Edw. 
Yuma  Skipper. 
Ochre  yellow  above,  unspotted,  dusky  on  upper  margin  of  fore  wing. 
Dash,  long,  narrow,  and  nearly  straight;  pale  dusky  beneath,  at  base  of 
fore  wing.    Expands  l.l'O.    Found  in  Arizona. 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFUES. 


181 


485.   pa:mpiiila  NEMORUM  Bd. 

Pacific  Skipper. 

Similar  to  P.  sylvanoidcs,  but  the  border  is  wider  and  the  mark  on 

fore  wmg  at  end  of  dash  is  prolonged  to  the  apex  in  the  form  of  a  streak. 

Deep  yellow  beneath,  spots  repeated  on  fore  wings,  hind  pair,  unspotted. 

•  Expands  1.30.    Found  in  California. 

486.    PAMPIIILA  SYLVANOIDES  Bd. 

California  Skipper. 
^  Size,  medium.  Orange  above,  brown-bordered,  with  a  band  of  yel- 
lowish spots  crossing  outer  portion  of  wings,  and  a  single  spot  near  base. 
There  is  a  blackish  streak  at  base  of  dash.  Beneath,  pale  yellow,  slight- 
ly grayish  on  hind  wing ;  spots  repeated  on  fore  wing.  On  hind  wing 
are  five  spots ;  on  under  side  of  female,  near  outer  portion  of  wing,  is  a 
black  triangular  spot,  followed  by  a  small,  white,  translucent  spot,  and 
at  apex  are  three  small  yellow  spots.  Expands  1.30.  Found  in  Cali- 
fornia, Nebraska,  Colorado,  and  Washington. 

487.  PAMPIIILA  AGRICOLA  Bd. 
Field  Skipper. 
Dusky  above,  with  a  black  mark  from  dash  to  apex  of  fore  wing, 
with  a  row  of  yellow  dots  between  this  and  the  border,  which  is  not  very 
wide.  On  hind  wing,  border  wider,  more  or  less  brown  at  base ;  beneath, 
yellow  on  fore  wings  with  the  mark  less  prominent  than  above ;  also 
yellow  on  hind  wings  with  a  slightly  indicated  band  of  paler.  Expands 
1.25.    Found  in  California,  Nevada,  and  Washington. 

488.  PAMPIIILA  MILO  Edw. 
Broad-bordered  Skipper. 
Bright  reddish  orange  above,  bordered  nearly  to  ceil  on  fore  wing 
with  pale  brown.  Dash,  a  black,  narrow,  ridge,  nearly  straight,  bent 
down  a  little,  and  edged  on  both  sides  with  black  scales.  On  upper  mar- 
gin are  three  small  translucent  spots,  and  two  next  dash ;  on  hind  wings 
the  bordering  is  narrower  and  darker.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings,  pale 
rusty,  spots  repeated,  not  enlarged ;  a  black  wedge  indicates  the  end  of 
dash,  and  the  base  is  black.  Iliud  wings,  pale  rusty,  lighter  in  middle. 
Expands  1.20.    Habitat.  Mt.  Hood,  Oregon. 


182 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


I  i  i 


n 


) 

?•?; 


i^ 


I  i 


if: 


m 


I! 


ifii 

ir! 


489.    PAMrillLA  niATINCOL  \  Bd. 

^Ieadow  Skipper. 

Bright  yelloAv  above,  witli  a  few  small  spots  only  for  a  border,  con- 
isting  of  dusky  triangles  at  ends  of  veins,  and  there  is  a  blackish  streak 
at  apex.  Yellow  beneath,  unspotted,  excepting  a  small  pale  spot  near 
apex  of  fore  ■wing.  Female,  larger,  -with  a  serrate  blackish  border,  and 
there  is  an  oblique  blackish  band  on  fore  wing,  surmounted  at  apex  by 
a  spot  of  same  color.  Beneath,  much  as  in  male,  but  differs  in  having 
an  irregular  row  of  pale  spots  on  hind  wings.  Expands  1.25.  Found 
in  California  and  Washington. 

Fig.  55. 


mx  Ms  .M  Mk 

^gp^   ^%^    '■^d^    ^^j# 


a 


g 


lll'.istriiting  the  gomis  rainphiln  lower  side,  hinil  wins;  a,  massasiot;  pociiliontas  (fore  wing) : 
Cni'Toda;  il,  Colorado;  e,  sat-saous;  f,  columliia.  t:,  iiianiuiba:  li,.jiiliii. 

490.    PAMPHILA  VERUS  Edw. 

IIavilaii  Skipper. 

Yellowish  orange  above,  bordering  pale  dusky,  broadest  on  fore 
wings,  narrower  on  hind  pair ;  three  indistinct  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings, 
and  a  series  of  small  spots  in  an  oblique  line  outside  edge  of  cell.  Dash, 
black,  slender,  broken  at  lower  branch  of  middle  vein,  but  not  separated, 
and  somewhat  edged  with  black  on  either  side ;  on  upper  end,  a  dusky 
patch  connects  it  with  the  dark  margin.  Beneath,  both  wings  arc  yel- 
lowish orange ;  hind  wings  unspotted ;  fore  wings  have  a  little  black  at 
base,  and  a  black  streak  represents  dash ;  the  indistinct  spots  are  repeat- 
ed, but  paler.  Female,  similar,  but  paler,  with  spots  clearer.  Expands 
1.00.    Found  at  Ilavilah,  California. 

491.    PAMPHILA  CAMPESTRIS  Bd. 

Prairie  Skippfr. 
Size  and  form  similar  to  those  of  P.  nemorum.  Yellow  above,  rath- 
er widely  brown-bordered,  and  yellow-fringed.  On  apex  of  fore  wings 
are  two  or  three  yellow  dots,  and  there  are  some  dusky  spots  on  middle 
of  hind  wings;  beneath,  pale  yellow,  spots  repeated  on  fore  wings,  and 
there  is  a  row  of  small  spots  crossing  hind  wings.  Found  in  Southern 
California. 


ifj 


NORTH  AMERICAN  I51TTERFLIES. 


180 


492.    rxVMPIIILA  HURON  Edw. 

Huron  Skipper. 

Size,  medium.  Dark  golden  yellow  above  on  fore  wings.  Dash, 
pointed  outwardly,  wider  at  base,  and  in  a  rounded  velvc*'^' black  patch: 
at  end  of  dash  between  it  and  the  margin  is  a  dusky  patch.  Hind  wings 
with  the  central  portion  yellow.  Dull  yellowish  orange  beneath,  gray- 
ish-tinged on  hind  wings,  and  at  apex  of  fore  pair,  where  the  basal  lialf 
and  lower  border  is  blackish,  and  there  is  a  faint  sul)-marginal  band. 
Base  of  hind  wings  dusky,  with  a  faint  sub-marginal  band.  Female, 
dusky  tinged,, fore  wings  yellowish  at  base  and  along  upper  border  with 
a  sub-marginal  row  of  spots,  hind  wing  yellowish,  with  a  wide  bandn^t 
reaching  either  margin  ; beneath,  on  fore  wing  like  male  with  the  hind 
wings  hoary,  two  curved  rows  of  white  confluent  spots.  Expands  1.20 
to  l.oO.  Found  in  the  Atlantic  States  south  of  New  England  to  Flor- 
ida, up  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  in  Texas  and  Arizona,  Fig.  oG,  b. 

493.    PAMPIIILA  PIIYLAEUS  Dury. 
Wed(!E-marked  Skipper. 

Size,  medium.  Bright  orange  above :  bar  at  end  of  central  cell  of 
fore  wing  Avith  two  longitudinal  lines  from  it  outAvardly,  and  a  series  of 
brown  marginal  wedge-shaped  spots,  smallest  opposite  cell.  Fig.  t'tC),  c. 
Dash,  black  and  somewhat  curved,  and  a  little  dusky  beneath  it.  Hind 
wings  brown-bordered  all  around,  separated  on  outer  margin,  broken  at 
lower  vein,  and  nearly  or  quite  at  the  lower  branch  of  the  middle  vein, 
and  the  spot  thus  isolated  is  large,  and  sends  a  line  back  through  the 
middle  of  the  interspace  to  the  base.  Beneath,  pale  orange  yellow, 
dusky  at  base,  and  along  the  lower  border  of  fore  wing,  dash  represented 
by  an  oval  patch,  narrow  bar  at  end  of  cell,  and  the  marginal  wedges 
have  the  points  represented  only,  there  being  a  clear  space  between 
these  and  the  margin.  On  hind  wings  is  a  large  oblong  dusky  patch 
near  lower  margin  and  two  rows  of  spots  crossing  wing,  all  small.  Fe- 
male, brown,  marked  with  pale  orange  as  follows :  on  fore  wing,  three 
spots  at  apex,  two  below  these,  two  within  them  at  end  of  central  cell, 
and  an  oblicpte  band  of  spots  below  these.  On  hind  wings,  an  arrow- 
shaped  band  of  spots  with  arms,  nearly  reaching  the  upper  and  lower 
borders,  and  within,  near  base,  a  spot.  Beneath  jtalcr,  spots  repeated, 
enlarged,  and  pale.  Expands  1.25  to  1.40.  Found  in  the  Middle  and 
Gulf  States  to  the  Pacifiic. 


!  -11 


18^ 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFUE3. 


494.  PAMPIIILA  BRETTOIDES  Edw. 
Doll's  Skipper. 
Similar  to  P.  brcttus,  but  differs  above,  in  baving  no  brown  mark 
between  tlie  dash  und  the  outer  margin,  and  the  outer  margin  to  both 
wings  have  the  brown  border  without  the  wedge-shaped  projections. 
There  are  two  small  dusky  marks  within  border  near  apex  of  fore  wing; 
beneath,  the  fore  wings  have  the  base  only  black,  and  the  two  marks  at 
apex  repeated,  otherwise  unspotted.  On  hind  wings  is  one  row  of  spots 
only,  within  it  three  other  spots.  Expands  1.30.  Found  in  Texas 
and  Arizona. 

405.    PAMPIIILA  BRETTUS  Bd-Lec. 

Black-spotted  Skipper. 

Dull  orange  above,  with  a  serrated  border  on  fore  wings,  and  a  wide 
border  all  around  on  hind  wings.  On  fore  pair  the  dash  is  short,  straight 
and  is  surrounded  with  a  large  oval,  velvety  black  patch,  from  it  two 
dusky  lines  run  to  base,  and  a  divided  curved  line  on  apex.  Fig.  56,  d. 
Beneath,  spotted  as  in  P.  phylaeus,  but  the  spots  are  larger  and  the  dusky 
of  base  of  fore  wing  extends  along  lower  border  to  margin.  Female, 
very  similar  to  that  of  P.  phylaeus,  but  differs  in  having  the  spots  small- 
er and  more  isolated,  those  on  hind  wings  above  being  indicated  only, 
narrow  beneath,  where  all  spots  are  paler  than  in  phylaeus.  Expands 
1.15  to  1.25.    Found  in  the  Gulf  States  and  West  Virginia. 

490.    PAMPIIILA  CHUSA  Edw. 

Arizona  Skipper. 

Yellowish  orange  above,  with  a  narrow  serrated  dusky  border  to 
both  wings,  with  two  serrations  wanting  opposite  cell  on  fore  wings. 
Dash,  velvety  black,  thick,  curved,  at  its  basal  end  is  a  small  spot  and 
a  small  dark  patch  outside;  beneath,  paler,  unspotted.  Expands  1.00. 
Found  in  Arizona. 

497.  PAMPIIILA  DRACO  Edw. 
DuAcoN  Skipper. 
Size,  medium.  Dark  brown  above,  orange  on  upper  margin  and  in 
middle  of  wings.  Fore  wing  with  a  yellowish  spot  in  apex,  two  small 
spots  at  end  of  cell,  and  a  larger  one  below  these.  Dash,  narrow  and 
doubly  curved,  velvety  black  at  end.  Outside  it,  is  a  larger  dusky  patch. 
Beneath,  on  fore  wings  blackish  at  base,  and  on  lower  margin ;  orange 
in  middle  of  wing,  and  on  upper  margin ;  grayish  at  apex  and  outer  mar- 
gin ;  spots  as  above.  Hind  wings  grayish  orange,  with  a  yellowish  band 
of  regular  spots,  beginning  on  middle  of  upper  margin,  bends  at  right 


)-wn  mark 
.n  to  both 
'ejections, 
'ore  wing ; 

marks  at 
w  of  spots 

in  Texas 


md  a  wide 
t,  straight 
rom  it  two 
Fig.  56,  d. 
the  dusky 

Female, 
)ots  small- 
ated  only. 

Expands 


)order  to 
)re  wings, 
spot  and 
linds  1.00. 


in  and  in 
;wo  small 
irrow  and 
ky  patch. 


n 


; orange 


uter  mar- 

vish  band 

at  right 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


185 


angles  below  apex,  near  margin,  then  two-thirds  across  wing,  turns  to 
the  middle  and  runs  through  cell  to  base.  Female,  similar  above,  but 
the  spots  are  larger  with  those  on  lower  side  of  hind  wing  repeated  above. 
Beneath,  on  fore  wing  orange  on  middle  and  near  margin ;  the  upper 
and  sub-marginal  spots  are  clear  white,  central  spots  yellow.  Hind 
wings,  greenish,  with  clear  white  spots  not  connected,  and  the  band  is 
bent  as  in  the  male.    Expands  1.30.    Found  in  Colorado. 

498.    PAMPinLA  SABULETI  Bd. 

Sand  Skipper. 
Orange  yellow  above ;  widely  brown  bordered.  Dash  very  short, 
and  joined  to  a  grayish  spot.  Beneath,  paler,  with  a  row  of  brown  streaks, 
inclined  to  be  arrow-shaped,  crossing  both  wings,  and  there  is  a  second 
row  near  base  on  hind  wings.  Female,  larger  and  paler,  with  a  row  of 
paler  spots  between  end  of  cells  and  outer  border.  Expands  1.25. 
Found  in  California. 

499.    PAMPHILA  OTIIO  Sm-Abb. 
Yellowish-brown  Skipper. 

Size,  medium.  Yellowish  brown  above,  with  a  series  of  yellow 
spots  crossing  outer  portion  of  fore  wing,  and  two  small  spots  at  end  of 
cell  on  hind  wings.  Beneath,  the  spots  are  repeated  on  fore  wing,  ex- 
cepting the  lower,  and  there  are  five  or  six  spots  in  a  band  on  hind  pair. 
Dash,  much  as  in  P.  metacomet.  Expands  1.15  to  1.40.  Found  in  the 
Southern  Atlantic  States,  Mississippi  Valley,  and  Texas. 

501a.  Pamphila  otho  egeremet  Scud.,  is  darker  than  the  type, 
and  lacks  the  lower  spots  on  fore  wing  above,  and  the  two  spots  on  hind 
pair.    Found  in  the  Northern  Atlantic  States  and  Ontario. 

500.    PAMPHILA  PECKIUS  Kirby. 
Peck's  Skipper. 

Plate  X,  4. 

Size,  small.  Brown  above,  orange-marked  as  follows;  a  patch  above 
dash  to  upper  margin,  and  base,  and  along  lower  margin  as  far  as  end 
of  dash,  in  a  narrow  line,  three  spots  in  apex,  two  below  these  nearer 
margin,  and  two  at  end  of  dash,  a  large  patch  in  middle  of  hind  wing, 
and  a  dot  in  cell.  Dash,  black,  slightly  curved  on  lower  side  and  fol- 
lowed basally  by  a  dot  of  velvety  black.  Beneath,  strongly  orange-tint- 
ed, obscuring  the  brown ;  dusky  at  base  of  fore  wing,  and  along  lower 
border,  spots  repeated,  enlarged;  on  hind  wing  central  patch  repeated, 
enlarged,  and  there  is  a  second  basal  patch,  joined  to  outer  at  two  points; 


18G 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


l^ 


I 


iu 


'& 


I 


all  spots  arc  yellow.  Female,  lacks  the  orange  about  base  of  f  jre  vring, 
and  has  the  six  outer  spots  only,  and  tlie  patch  on  hind  pairis  faintly 
indicated.  Beneath,  similar  to  male,  but  with  the  spots  smaller,  that 
on  base  of  hind  wing  separate  and  there  is  more  dusky  on  fore  pair. 
Expands  l.()0  to  1.10.  Found  from  New  England  to  Wisconsin,  and  in 
West  Virginia,  Ontario,  and  Quebec.  Occurs  in  June.  July,  and  Au- 
gust. 

501.    TAMrillLA  MYSTIC  Lcud. 
Orange  Skipper. 

Generally  similar  to  P.  sassacus,  but  differs  in  having  the  dash 
wider,  without  the  shining  central  division,  and  dusky  spot  at  end  is  not 
divided,  nor  extended  as  far  into  the  border.  Fig.  AG,  e ;  on  hind  wing 
there  is  a  dusky  patch  on  the  orange  at  base,  beneath,  more  orange-tint- 
ed, and  there  is  a  dusky  mark  at  end  of  each  cell.  Female  differs  from 
that  of  sassacus  in  having  the  markings  more  restricted  and  deeper  in 
color.  Expaeds  1.10  to  1.25.  Fourd  in  New  England,  New  York,  On- 
tario, and  Quebec.    Occurs  in  June. 

504.    PAMPIIILA  SIRIS. 

SiRis  Skipper. 

Size,  small;  dark  brown  above,  orange  on  basal  half  of  fore  wings; 
there  are  three  orange  spots  in  apex,  and  an  oblique  row  of  three  spots 
across  end  of  wing.  Dash,  narrow,  with  a  deep  brown  patch  behind. 
There  is  a  rather  dull  orange  band  on  hind  wing,  curved  and  narrow, 
not  distinct,  excepting  in  middle  of  wing,  and  within  this  is  an  indis- 
tinct spot.  Beneath,  brown  on  fore  wing,  with  orange  repeated,  but  dull; 
spots  repeated,  more  yellow,  and  there  is  a  fourth  spot  in  oblique  band. 
Hind  wings  also  brown  Avith  a  row  of  yellow  spots,  and  there  is  a  long 
spot  in  cell.  Female,  similar  with  spots  clearer,  the  oblique  line  with 
four  spots  above  and  the  under  side  is  more  overwashcd  with  orange. 
Expands  1.15  to  1.28.    Found  at  Puget's  Sound,  Washington. 

501.    PAMPIIALA  MAilOON  Edw. 

Washington  Skippi'u. 

Quite  similar  to  P.  agricola,  differs  ia  having  a  broader  f  n-e  wing, 

is  of  duller  color,  and  without  a  dusky  patch  between  the  end  of  tlie 

dash  and  apex.     Expands  1.00  to  1.10.     Found  at  Puget's  Sound, 

Washington. 


■■?' 

!;l 

i 
1 

I! 

HP'  ^ 

i 

m 

HLiJMr- 

;h 

NORTH  AMI;I:Ti\\N  r.lTTFRFLIES. 


is: 


ffjrovring, 
ri  s  faintly 
uiller,  that 
fore  pair, 
isin,  and  in 
y,  and  Au- 


^  the  (lash 
t  end  is  not 
hind  wing 
)range-tint- 
rliffoi  s  from 
:1  deeper  in 
'  York,  On- 


[    ■ 

ore  wings; 
three  spots 
2h  behind, 
id  narrow, 
s  an  indis- 
rl,  but  dull; 
ique  band. 
is  a  long 
line  with 
th  orange. 


in-e  wmg, 
nd  of  tlie 
's  Sound, 


504.    I'AMriULA  CKllNES  1U»-Lec. 

ClEAR-WINGKI)  SKIPI'EU. 

Yellowish  brown  above,  with  a  patch  uf  reddish  orange  in  middle 
of  upper  portion  of  fore  wing,  above  dash,  this  extends  int'^  a  point 
toward  apex  and  just  below  its  termination  are  two  small  spots  and  an- 
other at  end  uf  cell.  Fig.  o(i,  f.  Hind  wings,  unsjwttcd ;  beneath,  brown, 
overwashed  with  orange,  markings  repeated  on  fore  wing  a  little  enlai'ged. 
Female,  with  only  a  tra<  <-  of  the  orange  on  fore  wing,  and  with  two  ex- 
tra spots  on  outer  portion  of  wing,  forming  an  ublitpie  band,  and  two 
small  ones  at  end  of  cell.  Expands  l.(iO  to  I.IU.  Found  from  New 
England  to  Montana;  in  British  America,  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Flori- 
da.   Occurs  in  May  and  June  in  the  north. 

505.    rAMPIIILA  MANATAAQUA  Scun. 

YELLOW-SPOTTKn  SKIl'l'EIl. 

Size,  medium.  Brown  above,  orange-tinted  on  middle  of  hind  wings 
which  are  unspotted  ;  in  middle  of  fore  wing  is  a  patch  of  orange,  sur- 
rounding the  dash,  Fig.  5(i,  g.  At  ai)ex  are  often  tAvo  indistinct  dots  of 
orange.  Dash,  black,  and  conSiSts  of  two  oval  portions,  the  basal  slight- 
ly curved.  Beneath,  strongly  oycrwashed  witli  rusty  orange,  especially 
on  upper  border  of  fore  wing.  There  is  a  patch  of  black  at  base  of  wing, 
which  sends  a  dusky  line  along  the  lower  border,  and  the  orange  j'utch 
is  represented  by  two  or  three  orange  spots  in  an  oblique  bar.  Female, 
paler  brown,  with  three  pale  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing,  and  three  others 
in  an  oblique  bar.  Beneath,  paler,  sligiitly  tinted  with  rusty,  spots  ex- 
cepting lower,  repeated.  Expands  1.15  to  1.25.  Found  tiiroughout 
the  United  States  and  British  America.  Occurs  in  Massachusetts  in 
July. 

50(;.    PAMnilLA  VERNA  Edw. 
Dark  Brown  Skiiter. 

Size,  medium.  Dark  brown  above,  with  a  slight  purple  reflection. 
Fore  wings  Avith  the  upper  margin  sprinkled  with  yellow,  there  are  three 
small,  yelloAvish,  translucent  spots  in  a  line  from  upper  border,  about 
three-fourths  the  distance  from  base  to  apex,  two  larger  sjiots  in  middle 
of  outer  portion,  and  a  small  spot  in  cell  nearer  end.  Dash,  black,  nar- 
row, a  little  constricted,  but  not  broken.  No  spots  on  hind  wings.  Be- 
neath, colored  as  above,  but  tinged  with  bronzy  yellow  ;  spots  on  fore 
wings  repeated,  and  there  is  arow  of  five  indistinct  spots  on  hind  wings- 
Female,  quite  similar.  Expands  1.25.  Found  in  New  York,  and  from 
Maryland  to  Georgia,  in  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Kansas. 


^!i 


r 


! 


i 


m 


m 


^■: 


188 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


507.    PAMPIIILA  MORRISONII  Edw. 
Morrison's  Skipper. 

Similar  to  P.  brettus,  but  differs  in  having  the  spot  at  end  of  dash 
larger  and  oval ;  tlie  dash  is  without  the  accompanying  velvety  patch, 
and  the  marcrinal  band  is  not  serrated,  being  brown-edged  only ;  on  hind 
wings  is  an  orange,  arrow-shaped  mark.  Beneath,  much  caffused  with 
reddish  brown,  with  a  band  crossing  outer  portion  of  fore  wings  whitish 
above,  yellowish  below.  Hind  whigs,  rusty,  dusted  with  dull  orange ; 
band  repeated  in  pure  white ;  in  cell  a  white  line  extends  from  base  to 
extremity.  Female,  similar.  Expands  1.30.  Found  in  Southern  Col- 
orado and  Arizona. 

508.    PAMPIIILA  METACOMET  IIarr. 

ImiMAculate  Skipper. 

Size,  medium.  Deep  brown  above,  with  bronzy  reflections ;  dash, 
curved  and  divided  in  the  middle ;  no  markings.  Paler  beneath,  with 
the  spotting3  seen  in  the  female  indicated.  Female,  same  color,  with 
two  small  spots  in  apex,  and  two  below  these  on  fore  wings  above,  they 
are  a  little  clearer  below,  where  both  wings  are  slightly  whitish  at  base ; 
a  slightly  indicated  band  of  spots  on  hind  wings.  Expands  1.15  to  1.25. 
Found  from  New  England  to  Montana,  and  in  Kansas,  Montana,  Neva- 
da, Ontario,  and  Quebec. 

500.    PAMPIIILA  VESTRIS  Bd. 

Vestris  Skipper. 

Similar  to  P.  metacomet  in  color,  unspotted,  and  in  having  a  slight 
washing  of  yellowish  along  basal  half  of  fore  wings.  There  are  no  in- 
dications of  markings  below.  Female  has  no  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing 
on  either  surface.  Expands  1.28.  Found  in  California,  Colorado,  and 
on  Indian  River,  Florida. 

610.    PAMPIIILA  BELLUS  Edw. 

Bellus  Skipper 
Dark  brown  above,  fringed  with  orange.     Dash,  long,  narrow,  and 
straight.    Beneach,  paler,  overwashed  with  greonish.     No  markings 
on  either  surface.    Palpi,  orange.    Expands  1.20.    Found  in  Southern 
Arizona. 


Hi? 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


189 


nd  of  dash 
ety  patch, 
y ;  on  hind 
Fused  with 
;s  whitish 
11  orange ; 
>ra  base  to 
thern  Col- 


•ns ;  dash, 
ath,  with 
olor,  with 
)ove,  they 
bat  base; 
5  to  1.25. 
na,  Neva- 


g  a  slight 
are  no  in- 
fore  wing 
rado,  and 


rrow,  and 
markings 
Southern 


511.  PAMPHILA  ACCIUS  Sm-Abb. 
White-spotted  Brown  Skipper. 

Blackish  bro^vn  above.  Dash,  oblique  and  black,  at  outer  end  is  a 
white  dot,  and  three  white  dots  near  apex.  Reddish  brown  beneath, 
overwashed  with  whitish  on  outer  portion  of  both  wings ;  spots  repeated.' 
Female,  similar,  with  an  oblique  line  of  white  spots  aiendof  fjre  wino-" 
and  a  dot  at  end  of  central  cell.  Expands  1.40.  Found  in  North  Caro- 
lina, the  Gulf  States,  and  rarely  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania  and  New 
England. 

512.  PAMPHILA  LOAMJ^II  Whitn. 

Loamm's  Skipper. 
Dark  glossy  brown  above,  darker  basally ;  there  are  three  whitish 
spots  in  apex  of  fore  wnigs,  and  two  spots  on  outer  portion  of  winrr,  up- 
per, largest.  Dash,  narrow,  black,  divided,  upper  portion,  strai'-ht 
loAver  curved.  Hind  wings,  unspotted.  Dark  chestnut  brown,  beneath' 
apex  of  fore  wings  and  outer  border  of  hind  pair,  overwashed  with  whit- 
ish. Spots  repeated  on  fore  wing.  On  hind  wings  is  a  curved  row  of 
three  small,  irregular  spots  near  base,  and  a  sub-marginal  row  of  six 
spots,  all  spots  on  hind  wing,  black-bordered.  Female,  paler.  There 
are  two  spets  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wing,  and  two  extra  spots  on  outer 
portion.  Markings  on  hind  wing  below  much  as  in  male.  Expands 
1.30  to  1.50.    Found  in  Florida  and  North  Carolina. 

513.    PAMPHILA  IIORUS  Edw. 

IIorus  Skipper. 
Brown   on  both  surflices,  darkest  near  base,  lighter  on  middle 
Fr  re  wings,  with  two  or  tliree  whitish  dots  near  apex,  and  indications 
rf  spots  near  outer  margin.    Expands  1.50.     Found  in  Texas. 

514.    PAMPHILA  DEVA  Edw. 
Deva  Skipper. 

Similar  to  P.  lunas,  but  differs  in  being  larger,  in  havino-  laro-er 
spots,  in  being  grayer  !)encath,  in  having  one  brown  dasl  uly  acj°  ss  hfnd 
wing  beneath,  and  in  having  the  fringes  of  ihis  win-  an  -e.  Expands 
1.10  to  1.20.     Found  in  Soutliern  Arizona. 

515.    PAMI>IIILA  LUNUS  Edw. 
Wheeler's  Skipper. 

Dark  brown  above,  with  bronzy  reflections;  fore  wings  havethree 
small  spots  near  apex,  white  and  translucent,  a  large  spot  at  cud  of  cen- 


.'WtM 


190 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


ll 


n 


u 


I 


1 


ll! 


itf' 


ri 


tral  cell,  below  this  and  outside  it,  is  a  small  spoc  and  another  below 
this,  but  nearer  base,  thus  these  last  three  named  form  a  triangle. 
Hind  wings,  unspotted.  Brown  beneath,  with  apex  of  fore  Things  and 
hind  pair  overwashed  with  grayish,  spots  repeated  on  fore  wings  and  on 
hind  pair  are  two  brown  dashes  ia  middle,  and  withm  a  thin  white  streak. 
Fringes  of  hind  wings  3-ellow,  Female,  similar,  but  lacks  the  white 
streak.  Expands  1.40  to  1.50.  Found  in  Southern  Colorado  and  Ari- 
zona. 

51G.  PAMPIIILA  MACULATA  Edw. 
Spotted  Skipper. 
Dark  brown  abo,-e ;  on  fore  wings  are  three  small  spots  near  apex, 
two  below  these  opposite  cell,  and  another  below  these;  hind  wings  with 
a  small  spot  in  middle,  all  spots  semi-transparent,  and  yellowish.  Be- 
neath, similar,  washed  with  white  on  apex  of  fore  wings.  Expands 
1.40  to  l.oO.    Found  in  the  Gulf  States,  rarely  in  New  York. 

517.    PAMPHILA  PANOQUIN  Scud. 

Panoquin   Skipper. 

Brown  above  with  a  bronzy  luster ;  two  spots  only  in  apex  of  fore 
wing  and  usually  one  or  two  below,  beyond  cell,  below  these  is  an 
oblique  row  of  three  spots,  and  a  small  spot  in  cell,  all  pale  j'cllowish. 
Dash,  small  and  oval,  parallel  with  the  upper  margin.  Beneath,  similar, 
overwashed  with  bronze  along  upper  margin  of  fore  wings,  and  on  veins 
of  hind  pair.  On  outer  part  of  hind  wings  is  a  white  line  with  a  spot 
below  it,  and  occasionally  one  above.  Female,  similar.  Expands  1.2C 
to  l.oO.    Found  in  the  Gulf  States  and  at  Atlantic  City,  New  Jersey. 

518.    PAMPHILA  OCOLA  Edw. 

OcoLA  Skipper. 

Dark  brown  tinged  with  bronze.  One  or  two  small  spots  in  apex, 
and  three  others  below  these  in  a  bent  row,  all  dull,  dusky,  translucent 
yellow.  Beneath,  similar,  bronzy  on  ujtiicr  and  outer  margin  of  fure 
wings,  and  along  veins  of  hind  pair,  spots  repoated.  Female,  similar> 
spots,  larger.  Expands  1 .40.  Found  in  the  Gulf  States,  Eastern  Penn- 
sylvania, and  at  Whitings,  Indiana 

5iy.    PAMPIIILA  ETIILIUS  Cram. 
Laikje  Brown  Skipper. 

Size,  very  large ;  blackish  brown  above,  slightly  overwashed  with 
yellow  on  ou  tnr  portion  of  both  wings.    Fore  wings  with  seven  whitish 


y 


I 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES  ON  PLATE  X. 

1.    Lycaena   pseud  as.  2.    Carterocephalus  mandan. 

3,  Ancyloxyphianumitor.  ...  Copaeodes  wrightii.  5.  Thymel- 
icus  garita.  G.  Pamphila  peckius.  7.  Amblyscirtes  vialis. 
8.  Pyrgus  tessalata.  9.  Nisoniadesjuvenalis.  10.  Pholisora 
catulus.        11.    Eudamus  pylades.        12.    Erycides  urania. 


A 


PLATE    X 


M^ 


mandan. 

Thymel- 

es  vialis. 

Pholisora 


few,. 


10 


-mm 


11 


North  Ammcan  Iiiittor(li,.B 


C.  J,  M. 


m 

I: 


I! 

k 


11^ 


If 


w 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES.  191 

translucent  spots  shown  in  Fig.  56,  i,  and  three  on  middle  of  hind  pair. 
Beneath,  ochreous  brown,  with  spots  repeated.    Female,  similar. 

520.  PAMPHILA  FITTACUS  Edw. 
Greenish  Skipper. 
Pale  brown  above,  thickly  overwashed  with  grayish  green,  with 
translucent  spots  as  follows ;  three  in  apex  of  fore  wings,  one  large,  at 
end  of  cell,  and  three  in  an  oblique  row  across  wing ;  on  hind  pair  a  row 
of  four,  nearly  confluent.  Lower  side  brown,  hoary  on  apex  and  upper 
margin  of  fore  wings,  and  on  whole  of  hind  pair;  spots  repeated,  and 
there  are  three  obscure  whitish  spots  extra  on  hind  wings.  Female, 
lacks  all  but  the  outer  spot  on  hind  wings,  otherwise  similar.  Expands 
1.50.    Found  in  Arizona. 

521.    PAMPHILA  BIMACULA  Gr-Rob. 

Two-spotted  Skipper. 
Dark  brown  above,  with  two  spots  of  yellowish  on  outer  portion  of 
fore  wing;  dash,  narrow,  black,  divided  in  the  middle  into  two  eliptical 
parts.  Beneath,  grayish,  heavily  tinted  with  rusty  yellow,  spots  as 
above ;  fringes,  white,  gray  at  base.  Female,  quite  similar,  but  less 
gray  beneath.  Expands  1.20  to  1.50.  Found  from  New  England  to 
Nebraska,  and  in  Illinois. 


522. 


PAMPHILA  PYTHON  Edw. 


Python  Skipper. 
Similar  to  P.  pittacus,  but  is  more  yellow  above,  and  lacks  the  band 
in  middle  of  hind  wing,  and  there  are  two  small  yellow  spots,  near  up- 
per angle,  also  white-fringed,  not  gray,  on  hind  wing.  Beneath,  are 
two  small  white  spots  on  upper  portion  and  a  bent  row  of  five  small, 
white  spots  in  middle.    Expands  1.50.    Found  in  Arizona. 

523.    PAMPHILA  CESTUS  Edw. 

Cestus  Skipper 
Upper  side  brown,  thickly  overwashed  with  yellowish  green.  On 
fore  wings  arc  seven  semi-transparent  spots,  three  at  apex,  three  below 
and  one  in  central  cell,  having  a  deep  angular  incision  on  either  side. 
On  hind  wings  is  a  similar  spot  in  cell,  and  four  larger  ones  outside  in 
a  band.  Beneath,  mottled  greenish  gray  and  brown,  spots  repeated, 
enlarged,  and  on  hind  wings  five  spots  are  confluent,  and  there  are  tw^ 
in  addition  near  upper  border.  Expands  1.50.  Found  in  Southern 
Arizona. 


f;!i 


I 


I 


192 


KOllTII  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


!,  ! 


524.    PAMPIIILA  RIIENA  Edw. 

Rhena  Skipper. 

Light  brown  above,  with  base  and  central  portion  of  fore  wing  yel- 
lowish orange,  somewhat  reddish  along  upper  margin ;  three  small 
indistinct  spots  near  apex  of  fore  Aving.  Dash,  long,  narrow,  and  vel- 
vety black.  Hind  wings,  with  an  obscured  orange  patch  in  the  middle. 
Yellowish  brown  beneath,  on  both  wings,  overwashed  with  yellowish. 
Upper  margin  of  fore  wing,  to  below  cell,  yellowish  orange ;  spots  re- 
peated, more  distinctly ;  there  is  a  black,  triangular  patch,  followed  by 
an  oblique  bar  of  yellowish  spots  ;  on  hind  wings  the  spots  are  faintly 
defined,  and  there  is  a  row  of  small  black  spots  parellel  to  outer  mar- 
gin.   Expands  1.30.    Found  in  Southern  Arizona. 

525.    PAMPIIILA  PONTIAC  Edw. 

PoNTiAC  Skipper. 

Dark  brown  above,  with  a  central  patch  on  fore  wing  of  yellowish 
orange,  that  contains  the  wide  velvety  black  dash ;  this  is  divided  in  the 
middle  into  two  oval,  about  equal  parts  ;  three  spotsin  apex.  On  hind 
wihji,d,  is  an  orange  patch  in  the  middle,  divided  by  the  veins.  Beneatli, 
much  overwashed  with  rusty  orange,  with  the  spots  repeated,  and  the 
fore  wing  marked  much  as  in  P.  cernes.  Central  spot  on  the  hind  pair 
showing  faintly.  Female,  darker,  with  three  spots  in  apex,  and  three 
on  outer  portion  of  fore  wing,  and  the  central  spot  on  the  hind  pair  is 
much  restricted ;  overwashed  below  with  rusty  orange,  Avith  spots  re- 
peated. Expands  l.GO  to  l.SO.  Found  from  Massachusetts  to  Nebras- 
ka, and  in  New  Jersey.     Occurs  in  July. 

52G.    PA]\IPIIILA  DION  Edw. 
Dion  Skipper. 

Very  similar  to  P.  pontiac,  but  the  yellow  is  more  restricted  and 
clearer ;  the  division  of  the  dash  is  more  distinct,  and  there  is  more  yel- 
low on  hind  wing.  Ochreous  yellow  ])eneath,  brown-tinged,  with  spots 
obscured,  and  there  are  no  spots  on  hind  wings.  Female,  with  a  small 
spot  at  end  of  cell  above,  otherwise  as  in  pontiac ;  beneath,  similar  to 
the  male.  Expands  l.GO  to  1.80.  Found  in  Nebraska,  and  at  Hamil- 
ton, Ontario. 

527.    PAIMPIIILA  ARPA  Bd-Lec. 

.    Arpa  Skipper. 

BroAvn  above,  greenish-tinged;  base  of  fore  wings,  and  patch  along 
upper  border,  .yellowish ;  cell  and  space  containing  dash,  clear  golden 


!!■  ;; 


NORTH   AiMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


U)3 


yellow.  Dash,  lonj^  and  slender,  a  little  constricted  in  middle,  hlack; 
hind  wings  with  a  little  yellow  in  middle.  Jitneath,  dark  golden  yel- 
low, outer  portion  of  f' ire  wing  blackish,  where  there  are  three  pale  spots. 
Hind  wings,  unspotted.  Female,  same  hrown  above,  with  a  little  yel- 
low at  base,  with  some  markings  of  yellow  at  apex  of  fore  wings.  Be- 
low as  in  male.    Expands  l.fio  to  1.80.    Found  in  the  Gulf  States. 

528.  PAMPIIILA  PALATKA  Edw. 

Palatka  Skipper. 

Clear  yelloAv  above,  darker  at  base  of  fore  wing,  and  broadly  brown- 
bordered  on  both  wings,  and  also  on  upjier  margin  of  hind  pair.  Beyond 
cell  on  fore  wing  are  three  yellowish  spots.  Dash,  narrow,  broken  in 
middle,  dull  black.  Beneath,  brown  on  hind  wings,  and  outer  portion 
of  fore  pair,  overwashed  with  rusty.  Yellow  of  fore  wings  repeated; 
hind  pair  without  spots.  Female,  similar,  but  has  more  orange  on  fore 
wing  below.  Expands  1.45  to  1.50.   Habitat,  Gulf  States  and  Nebraska. 

529.  PAMPHILA  MELANE  Edw. 

JNIelane  Skipper. 
Brown  above,  more  or  less  orange-tinted,  especially  at  base  of  fore 
wings  and  on  hind  pair.  Three  spots  near  apex,  a  fourth,  minute,  be- 
low this,  and  separate ;  two  larger,  angular  spots  on  middle  of  wing,  and 
another  on  lower  margin,  thus  all  forming  an  irregular  row  across  wing; 
there  is  a  row  of  indistinct  spots  nearly  parallel  to  outer  margin.  Be- 
neath, brown,  3'ellow-tinted,  most  thickly  on  hind  wings.  Spots  on  fore 
wings  repea-ted,  enlarged ;  on  hind  pair  is  a  broad  yellow  band.  Female, 
similar,  but  spots  on  hind  wings  narrower  and  on  fore  wings  larger. 
Expands  1.30  to  1.40.    Found  in  California. 

530.  PAMPHILA  VITELLIUS  Sm-Abb. 
Orange-patched  Skipper. 
Clear  orange  above,  both  wings  bordered  with  brown,  hind  wings 
widely  all  around,  fore  pair,  broadly  outwardly,  more  narrowly  on  lower 
margin  and  very  narrowly  on  upper.  Beneath,  paler  yellow,  dusky 
along  lower  margin  of  fore  Aving.  Female,  similar,  but  with  bordering 
wider.    Habitat,  Georgia,  Florida,  Southern  Texas,  Iowa,  and  Nebraska. 

531.    PAMPHILA  DELAWARE  Edw. 

Yellow-winged  Skipper. 

Similar  above  to  P.  zabulon,  but  clear  yellow  'below,  without  bor- 
derings  nor  spots.    Female,  brown  above  with  a  band  of  about  ten  pale 


Tf 


TW 


I 
I 


194 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


;!i 


V: 


I  rs 


f:'; 


:lti 


\M 


lUll 


yellow  spots  crossing  end  of  wing,  similar  to  male  beneath.  Expands 
1.20  to  l.o5.  Found  frym  Massachusetts  to  Florida,  and  in  Illinois, 
Kansas,  and  Montana. 

532.    PA^IPHILA  LAGUS  Edw. 
Narrow-bordered  Skipper. 

Yellowish  orange  above,  both  Avings  narrowly  dusky  bordced,  a 
little  widest  on  fore  pair.  There  is  a  black  line  at  end  of  cell  on  fore 
wing,  and  a  line  above  it ;  fringes,  pale  orange.  Beneath,  as  in  P.  del- 
aware.  Expands  1.00.  Habitat,  Western  Texas  and  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 

538.    PAMIIILA  BYSSUS  Edw. 
Byssus  Skipper. 

Dark  glossy  brown  above,  rusty  on  basal  half  of  upper  margin  of 
fore  wings  above;  orange  marked  as  follows,  at  end  of  cell  a  bar,  out- 
side this  a  bent  band,  extending  from  upper  border  to  near  the  lower 
margin,  widening  below  to  nearly  one  third  the  length  of  wing.  Outer 
half  washed  with  orange.  Hind  wing  with  an  orange  patch  in  middle. 
Beneath,  wholly  rusty,  spots  repeated,  indistinctly  on  fore  wing,  and 
either  not  at  all  on  hind  pair,  or  very  faintly.  Female,  similar,  but  the 
band  on  fore  wing  is  narrower  and  shows  more  distinctly  on  hind  pair 
beneath.    Expands  I. GO  to  1.70.    Habitat,  Indian  River  and  Texas. 

534.    PAMPIIILA  PHYLACE  Edw. 

Dark  Brown  Skipper. 

Dark  brown  on  both  surfaces  unmarked,  washed  Avith  whitish  be- 
neath, on  apex  of  fore  wings  and  on  whole  of  hind  pair.  Expands  1.20. 
Habitat,  Southern  Colorado  and  Arizona. 

535.    PAMPIIILA  OSYKA  Edw. 
Small  Brown  Skipper. 

Brown  on  both  surfaces,  unmarked ;  dash,  long,  depressed  in  mid- 
dle, broadest  on  under  part.  Female,  similar  above,  beneath,  clear  gray, 
brown  on  outer  margin  of  fore  wing,  where  there  are  three  minute,  trans- 
lucent spots  in  a  line.  Expands  1.10.  Found  in  the  Gulf  States  and 
at  Whiting's  Indiana. 

53G.    PAMPIIILA  COMUS  Edw. 
CoMus  Skipper. 

Light  glossy  brown  above ;  on  fore  wing  three  small  white  spots  in 
line  near  apex,  below  these  a  still  smaller  spot;  hind  wings  unspotted. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


105 


White-fringed  on  hind  wings,  excepting  at  end  of  veins,  brown  on  fore 
pair.  Beneath,  paler,  spots  repeated  on  fore  wing;  hind  wing  wholly 
dusted  with  gray ;  on  outer  margin  is  a  row  of  five  small  white  dots,  two 
similar  spots  on  upper  margin  and  one  in  cell.  Expands  1.10.  Habi- 
tat, Texas  and  Southern  Colorado. 

o37.    PAMPIIILA  EUFALA  Edw. 
Greenisii-buown  Skipper. 

Dark  greenish  brown  above;  on  fore  wings  are  three  small  white 
translucent  spots  near  apex,  and  two,  also  small,  below  these  a  second 
oblong  and  twice  as  large  as  the  other  one,  and  usually  one  or  two  whit- 
ish dots  at  end  of  cell.  A  little  paler  beneath,  apex  of  fore  wings,  and 
whole  of  hind  pair  sprinkled  with  gray.  Female,  similar,  slightly  vio- 
let-tinted above  and  below.  Expands  1.10  to  1.20.  Found  in  Florida 
and  Texas. 

638.  PAMPIIILA  ARABUS  Edw. 
Arizona  Brown  Skipper. 
Dark  glossy  brown  above ;  on  fore  wings  are  three  small  spots  in 
line,  two  oblique  below,  all  translucent,  below  these  a  white  dot  and 
another  in  cell;  brown-fringed.  Beneath,  brown,  gray  on  apex  of  fore 
wing  and  on  hind  pair,  brown  in  middle  of  wing.  Expands  1.30. 
Found  in  Arizona. 

539,    PAMPIIILA  FUSCA  Gr-Rob. 

Blackish  Skipper. 

Greenish  black  above  unspotted,  pale  fringed.  Beneath,  over- 
washed  on  apex  and  outer  portion  of  fore  wing  and  on  whole  of  fore  pair 
with  golden  brown  scales.  Female,  similar.  Expands  1.15.  Found 
in  the  Gulf  States. 

540.    PAMPIIILA  NEREUS  Edw. 

Nereus  Skipper. 

Dark  greenish  brown  above,  with  a  band  of  small  white  spots  on 
outer  margin  of  fore  wings.  Brown  beneath;  apex  of  fore  winrsi,  and 
whole  of  hind  pair,  thickly  covered  with  grayish  yellow  scales ;  ou  hind 
wings  an  irregular  row  of  small,  indistinct  whitish  spots,  followingmar- 
gin  around  upper  border.  Female,  similar,  with  spots  less  conspicuous. 
Expands  1.10.    Found  in  Arizona. 


I 


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Mi 


J* 

! 


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190 


NORTH  AMERICAN  I3UTTERFLIKS. 


041.    PAMPIIILA  IIIANNA  Scid. 

FCHR-SI'UTTKD  JjRUWN   ISkII'IIIU. 

Dark  bro^vu  abuve:  tlireo  spots  near  aitcxoffurc  Avirif^s,  one  larger 
below  and  another,  small,  in  end  of  cell,  all  white.  Brown,  below,  over- 
washed  with  gray  at  apex  of  liirc  uin;j;s,  spots  repeated,  and  there  is  a 
pale  curved  line  in  middle  of  wing;  on  hind  -wing  are  two  small  spots 
on  upper  margin.  Female,  differs  in  spots  being  larger,  in  having  in 
addition  two  spots  opposite  cell  on  fore  wings,  and  a  larger  spot  bcluw 
others  on  outer  portion,  and  a  small  spot  on  hind  wing  near  base.  Ex- 
pands l.;J()  to  1.4.").  Found  from  Massachusetts,  (where  it  is  rare)  to 
Nebraska. 

r42.  PAMnilLA  VIATOR  Ei>w. 
Viator  Skipper. 
Dark  brown  above  on  fore  wing,  reddish-tinted.  There  is  a  double 
yellow  spot  in  end  of  cell,  and  a  row  of  spots  across  Avings.  Hind  wings 
have  a  broad  brown  margin,  narrowest  on  inner  margin,  the  remainder 
of  wing  yellow,  broken  into  long  si>ots  by  the  veins.  Beneath,  smoky 
on  outer  margin  of  fore  wing,  reddish  along  ui)per  margin  and  at  apex> 
spots  repeated  indistinctly,  and  sometimes  there  arc  two  spots  beyond 
cell.  Female,  similar.  Expands  1. .")().  Found  in  the  Gulf  States  and 
rarely  in  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  Hamil- 
ton, Ontario. 

GENUS  LIX. 
AMBLYSCIRTES.  LITTLE  BROWN  SKIPPERS. 
Size,  sinalL  Color,  dark  brown  with  no  prominent 
markings.  Fore  wing  long,  narrow,  and  somewhat  an- 
gled. Hind  wings,  short  and  rounded.  Antennae,  long, 
with  terminal  process  bent  outward  at  right  angles.  Type, 
A.  viALis.     ( Plate  X,  7. ) 

543.    AMBLYSCIRTES  VIALIS  Edv,\ 
Two -SPOTTED  Brown  Skipper. 

Dark  brown  throughout,  purplish-tinged  below,  with  two  white  dots 
near  apex  of  fore  wings.  Expands  .80  to  1.00.  Found  at  Orino,  Maine, 
and  in  the  Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States. 


XORTII  A  An: RTCAN  nt'TTEr.FLTES. 


1!»7 


one  larger 
jLjw,  over- 
there  is  a 
nail  sjiotr^ 
having  in 
;pot  below 
ase.  Ex- 
s  rare)  to 


■S  a  double 
.ind  wings 
remainder 
;h,  smoky 
d  at  apex. 
)ts  beyond 
States  and 
ad  Ilamil- 


IS. 

oniinent 
rliat  an- 
te, long, 
.     Type, 


white  dots 
no,  Maine, 


514.  AMBLYSCIRTES  NY8A  Ei.w. 
Texas  Bhown  Skiitkr. 
Dark  brown  above,  yellow ish-f ringed,  with  three  small  transparent 
spots  m  apex  of  fl)re  wing.  Paler  beneiith,  on  fore  wings,  spots  repeat- 
ed; hind  whigs  brown,  black-clouded;  there  is  a  poorly  defined  band  near 
outer  margin,  a  patch  in  middle,  and  another  on  upper  border,  also  dark 
at  base.  There  are  some  grayish  scales  bordering  patches  near  outer 
angle.    Expands  l.lO.    Found  in  Texas. 

o45.  AMBLYSCIRTES  EOS  Edw. 
Eos  Brown  Skipper. 
Grayish  brown  above,  alternately  white  and  orange-fringed ;  three 
spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings.  Beneath,  also  brown,  whitish-tingeil  on 
apex  of  fore  wing,  along  upper  border,  and  on  hind  pair.  Spots  on  f  ire 
wings  repeated,  with  another  below,  nearer  outer  margin.  On  hind 
wings  a  double  row  of  white  dots  along  outer  margin,  a  dot  in  cell  and 
another  above  it.  Expands  1.00.  Habitat,  Texas,  Georgia,  and  Flor- 
ida. 

546.  AMBLYSCIRTES  SAINIOSET  Scud. 
Samoset  Skh'per. 
Dark  brown  above,  with  an  interrupted  yellowish  fringe ;  four  spots 
in  apex  of  fore  wings,  the  upper  a  little  nearer  base  than  the  others. 
Beneath,  brown,  overwashed  with  whitish  on  hind  wings,  and  on  apex 
of  fore  wing;  spot  on  fore  wing  repeated,  enlarged:  there  is  another  out- 
side the  four,  two  spots  of  yellowish  in  center  of  wing,  and  two  more  be- 
low these ;  hind  wings  spotted  with  dusky. 

547.  AMBLYSCIRTES  AENUS  Edw. 
Aenus  Skipper. 
Brown  above,  yellowish-tinted;  on  fore  wings  is  a  series  of  small 
yelloAv  spots,  beginning  on  upper  margin,  near  apex  and  passing  around 
end  of  dash,  and  then  back  of  same  to  lower  margin ;  dash  represented 
by  a  slight  thickening  and  bulging  of  the  surflice.  Fringes  white,  in- 
terrupted by  brown.  Beneath,  darkest  toward  apex  of  fore  wing,  yel- 
lowish at  bf^se,  dusted  with  grayish.  Hind  wings  dusted  with  grayish, 
and  there  is  a  band  of  small  gray  spots  on  outer  portion,  and  two  or 
three  spots  towards  base.  Female,  similar,  but  paler.  Expands  LIO. 
Habitat,  Western  Texas,  Southern  California,  New  Mexico,  andAri- 
zona. 


m 


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P 


r. 


f  ■ 


II 


1 

iiii . 


198 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


548. 


AMBLYSCIRTES  SIMIUS  Edw. 

SiMius  Skipper. 

Grayish  brown  above,  with  a  silky  gloss.  On  fore  wings  is  a  pale 
orange  dot  at  end  of  cell,  and  a  bent  rov-  of  orange  spots  across  v  ing ; 
on  hind  wings  a  trace  of  a  narrow  band.  Beneath,  orange  in  cell  of  fore 
wing,  grayish  on  outer  portion,  spots  repeated.  Pale  yellowish  brown 
on  hind  wings,  with  a  whitish  band  crossing  outer  portion,  and  a  white 
patch  at  base  below  cell.  Female,  paler,  spots  not  as  distinct.  Ex- 
pands .85  to  .95.    Habitat,  Southern  Colorado  and  Arizona. 

549.  AMBLYSCIRTES  CASSUS  Edw. 

Cassu?  Skipper. 

On  fore  wings  above,  broMn,  dusted  with  orange  most  thickly  along 
lower  border.  Three  spots  near  apex,  an  oblique  row  below  these,  and 
a  bar  r.t  end  of  cell  from  which  a  line  runs  toward  base ;  all  pale  orange. 
Dash,  short,  narrow,  bent  at  outer  end.  Hind  wings  dull  orange  with 
the  upper  border  dusky.  Fore  wings  below,  orange,  dusky  along  lower 
margin,  gray  at  a})ex;  spots  repeated;  hind  wings  dark  brown,  whitish 
overwashed;a  row  of  indisthict  whitish  spots  near  outer  margin,  two 
whitish  spots  near  upper  angle,  two  in  middle  of  wing  and  another  at 
base.  Female,  dr Her;  spots  paler.  E.xpands  l.(X) to  1.50.  Habitat, 
Mt.  Graham,  Arizona. 

550.  AMBLYSCIRTES  NANNO  Edw. 

Nanno  Skipper. 

Brown,  thickly  overwj.shcd  with  orange  ;  three  white  spots  in  apex 
of  fore  wing,  and  four  small  spots  in  an  oblique  Hue  below  these ;  on  hind 
wings  a  row  of  small,  indistinct  spots,  yellowish ;  fringes  of  fore  wings, 
interrupted  white,  on  hind  wings,  white.  Under  side  of  both  wings 
dark  biwvn,  much  dusted  with  white,  spots  on  fore  wings,  repeated,  and 
an  additional  spot  in  cell,  hind  wings  have  a  curved  row  of  small  white 
spots  beginning  near  base  of  upper  marj'^in  and  passing  this  and  around 
outer  laargin,  and  a  spot  in  cell.     Expands  1.30.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

551.  AMBLYSCIRTES  TEXTOR  Scud. 

Eastern  Brown  Skipper. 

Greenish  brown  above ;  on  fore  wing  is  an  irregular  row  of  six  small 
angular,  white  spots,  extending  from  upper  border  to  middle  near  outer 
border,  hind  wings,  unspotted ;  whitich-fringed.  Beneath,  similar,  spots 
mere  distinct  with  two  minulic  spots  at  end  of  cell  on  fore  wing ;  hind 
wings  with  a  gi'ayish  violet  tint,  except  near  lower  margin,  and  there 


J. 


KOHTII  AMERICAN  BUTTEEFLIES. 


1.99 


;  is  a  pale 
)ss  wing ; 
ell  of  fore 
sh  brown 
id  a  white 
act.    Ex- 


;kly  along 
iliese,  and 
le  orange, 
ange  with 
ong  lower 
I,  whitish 
,'rgin,  two 
mother  at 
Habitat, 


ts  in  apex 
e ;  on  hind 
ore  wings, 
3th  wings 
ieated,and 
nail  white 
nd  around 
Arizona. 


f  six  small 
near  outer 
ilar,  spots 
ing ;  hind 
and  there 


is  a  row  of  jellowish  white  spots  crossing  whig;  across  end  of  cell  is 
another  somewhat  broken  row,  the  two  lines  being  connected  by  white 
veins.    Expands  1.10.    Habitat,  North  Carolina  to  Texas. 

GENUS  LX.     PYRGUS.     CHECKERED  SKIPPERS. 

Size,  small.  Colors,  dusky  checkered  with  white. 
Wings,  short  and  triangular.  Antennae,  short,  Type, 
P.  TESSALATA.      (Plate  X.  8.) 

552.    PYRGUS  ERICETORUM  Bd. 

White  Checkee. 
\.  hite  above,  with  a  single  row  of  marginal,  arrow-shaped  spots 
on  fore  wing,  and  two  or  three  rows  on  hind  pair.  White,  below,  with 
two  rows  of  brownish  spots  on  hind  wings,  one  marginal,  the  other  at 
base.  Female,  blackish  above,  with  two  white  bands,  one  of  small 
arrow-shaped  spots  marginal,  and  one  in  middle  of  wing,  wider  and  ir- 
regular.   Habitat,  New  IMexIco,  Arizona,  California,  and  Oregon. 

553.  PYRGUS  OCEANUS  Edw. 

OcEANUs  Checker. 
Soiled  white  above;  pale  brown  at  base  of  wings,  on  apex  of  fore 
wings,  extending  to  cell,  suddenly  narrowing  there  and  running  to  low- 
er margin,  enclosing  a  series  of  whitish  crescents;  an  oblique  streak 
near  apex.  Hind  wings,  clouded  with  brown  along  lovrer  margin  and 
on  middle.  Outer  margin  narrowly  edged  with  brown,  enclosing  a  se- 
ries of  whitish  serrations  on  margin.  Under  side  of  fore  wings  white, 
discolored  with  brown  on  upper  and  outer  margin :  four  brown  spots  on 
apex,  preceded  by  a  short  oblique  line ;  hind  wings  pale  brown,  darker 
at  base  and  on  outer  margin.    Expands  1.60.     Habitat,  Arizona. 

554.  PYRGUS  LOCUTJA  Hew. 

Brown  and  White  Checker. 

White  above  with  apex  and  outer  margin  brown.  At  apex  is  a  white 
spot,  and  some  minute  spots  near  outer  margin.  Hind  wing  with  outer 
margin  and  spots  at  end  of  veins  brown,  lieneath  on  fure  wing  similar, 
on  hind  pair  there  is  a  double  spot  at  base  of  upper  margin,  a  small  spot 
on  lower  margin,  and  outer  margin  brown.  Expands  1 .20  to  1.50.  Hab- 
itat, Texas. 


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II: 

ilt^; 

.-*»  1  ,* 

rfflf 

h|3  ^  J 

■'  {'1 S  -■ 

I 

1' 

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i 

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1 

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ii 


200 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERILIES. 


6oo.    PYRGUS  NEARCIIUS  Ei/W. 


Arizona  Ciieker. 

Upper  side  broAvnish  black,  grayish  at  base ;  on.  fore  wings  is  a  row 
of  white  dots  and  an  incomplete  sub-marginal  row,  distinct  only  next 
inner  margin ;  on  upper  margin  is  a  line  of  four  white  spots,  outside 
these  a  double  spot,  and  below  this  another  spot ;  crossing  both  wings 
is  a  broad  while  band,  on  hind  wings  is  a  row  of  sub-marginal  crescents ; 
black  and  white  fringed.  Lower  side  pale  greenish  brown,  spots  repeat- 
ed, upper  margin  whitish,  hind  wings  clouded  with  greenish  brown  and 
whitish.    Expands  1.20.    Habitat,  Arizona. 

556.    PYRGUS  TESSELATA  Sc.^. 

Tesselated  Checker. 

Plate  X,  8. 

Brown  above,  brown  and  white  fringed,  four  rows  of  white  spots  on 
fore  wing,  three  on  hind  pair,  the  first  outer  dots,  second  larger,  and  the 
third  large  and  nearly  confluent.  Beneath,  paler,  with  spots  enlarged. 
Expands  l.CX)to  l.o5.  Habitat.  Pennsylvania  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  also  British  America. 

557      PYRGUS  CENTAUREAE  Ramb. 

Black  Checker. 

Black  above,  brown-tinged ;  a  bar  at  end  of  coll  on  fore  wings,  a 
less  distinct  spot  in  cell  and  a  sub-marginal  row  of  spots  and  five  spots 
on  upper  margin,  all  white.  Hind  wings  with  two  obscure  rows  of  white 
spots ;  a  little  paler  beneath,  spots  repeated  on  fore  wing,  enlarged ;  on 
hind  wings  are  three  rows  of  spots.  Expands  1.25."  Habitat,  New 
Y^ork,  West  Virginia,  Colorado,  and  Labrador. 

558.    PYRGUS  PHILETAS  Edw. 
Texas  Checker. 

Similar  to  P.  icsselata  above,  and  below  on  fore  wings  :  hind  wings 
beneath  differ  in  being  yellowish,  in  having  no  central  band,  the  basal 
two-thirds  of  wing  being  whitish  with  a  few  brown  dots  and  streaks,  on 
outer  margin  are  three  rows  of  minute  spots.  Expands  1.20.  Habi- 
tat, Western  Texas. 

55.9.    PYGUS  COESPITABIS  Bd. 
Two-banded  Checker. 
Black  above,  with  two  bands  of  white  spots,  and  two  white  spots 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFTJEP. 


201 


gs  IS  a  row 
only  nexo 
ts,  outside 
)oth  wings 
crescents; 
Dts  repeat- 
brown  and 


;e  spots  on 

iY,  and  the 

enlarged. 

of  Mexico 


J  wings,  a 
five  spots 
rs  of  white 
larged ;  on 
titat,  New 


lind  wings 
,  the  basal 
streaks,  on 
10.    Habi- 


near  base  of  fore  wings.    Beneath,  paler,  spots  enlarged.    Expands 
1.25.    Habitat,  Calorado,  Nevada,  Colifornia,  and  Ore 


gon. 


560. 


rhite  spots 


PYRGUS  XANTIIUS  Edw. 
Xanthus  Checker. 
Pale  black  above,  white  spotted;  on  fjre  wings  a  sub-marginal  row, 
and  a  row  within  this ;  a  spot  at  end  of  cell.  On  hind  wings  a  margi- 
nal row  of  spots,  and  another  within  this,  in  cell,  a  streak."  Beneath, 
dusky,  grayish  tinged;  spots  repeated,  greatly  enlarged  and  confluent  ;' 
at  base  of  cell  on  hind  wing  is  a  white  spot.  Expands  .80.  Habitat' 
Southern  Colorado. 

501.    PYRGUS  SCRIPTURA  Bd. 

Small  Checker. 
Size,  small.     Brown  above,  with  rows  of  small  white  spots,  two 
white  spots  near  base  of  fore  wings.     Under  side  of  fore  wings,  whitish 
with  spots  distinct.    Habitat,  California,  Arizona,  and  Montana. 

562.  PYRGUS  NESSUS  Edw. 
Nessus  Checker. 
Pale  brown  above ;  a  black  band  crosses  both  wings,  formed  of  lon- 
gitudinal stripes,  one  to  each  interspace,  and  a  narrow,  more  confluent 
band  crosses  basal  area  of  hind  wing;  along  outer  margin  is  a  dash  of 
gray,  in  each  interspace,  not  distinct.  Three  triangular  spots  on  upper 
margin,  and  three  others  half  way  to  apex.  On  middle  of  wing  are  two 
marks,  forming  a  V-shaped  spot,  not  quite  joined  at  angle ;  hind  wings 
have  a  similar  spot  near  outer  angle.  Paler  beneath,  with  spots  repeat- 
ed.   Expands  1.00  to  1.10.    Habitat,  Coast  to  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

GENUS  LXI.  NISONIADES.  BANDED  SKIPPERS. 
Size,  small  to  medium.  Colors  dark,  nearly  black 
with  no  prominent  markings.  Fore  wings,  triangular ;  hind 
wings,  rounded.  Antennae,  with  club  curved.  Fore  wing 
of  male  furnished  with  a  groove  along  basal  portion,  which 
is  capable  of  opening.     Tyi-k  N.  juvenalsis.    ( Plate  X,  9.) 

5G3.    NISONIADES  BRIZO  Bd-Lec. 
Bluish  Sku^per. 
Dark  brown  above.    Fore  wings  with  two  double,  black  bands,  blu- 
ish centered;  space  between  the  two,  yellowish,  and  between  the  outer 


I     IIWJ 


202 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


''! 


'i 


and  margin  are  two  rows  of  indistinct  yellowish  dots.  Hind  wings,  w^ith 
two  rows  of  pale  orange  spots.  Pale  brown  beneath,  with  three  rows  of 
pale  orange  spots  on  fore  wing,  the  inner  whitish,  and  two  on  hind  pair. 
Expands  1.40  to  1.70.  Habitat,  Atlantic  to  Rocky  Mountains,  Colora- 
do, Arizona,  British  America,  Ontario,  and  Quebec.  Occurs  in  May. 
Fig.  57,  e. 

5G4.    NISONIADES  ICELUS 
Small  Bluish  Skipper. 

Similar  to  N.  brizo,  but  is  smaller,  without  light  spaces  on  fore 
wings  above;  bands  composed  of  spots,  and  there  is  one  row  only  of  spots 
on  hind  wings,  and  this  is  indistinct ;  beneath,  are  two  rows  on  each 
wing.  Expands  1.15  to  1.25.  Habitat,  New  England  to  Michigan, 
Illinois,  Florida,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Washington,  and  Ontario.  Occurs 
in  early  May  in  New  England.    Fig.  57,  f 

565.    NISONIADES  SOMNUS  Lint. 

SoMNUS  Skippeb. 

Size  of  N.  icelus  but  darker,  with  two  rows  of  paler  spots  showing 
on  hind  wings  above,  otherwise  similar  to  icelus.  Expands  1.30  to  1.40. 
Habitat,  Indian  River,  Florida. 


5C)6. 


NISONIADES  LUCILIUS  Lint. 
Five-spotted  Skipper. 

Size  of  N.  icelus,  but  darker  with  three  minute  spots  near  apex  of 
fore  wing,  one  below  them,  and  one  in  end  of  cell,  all  more  clearly  seen 
below.  Expands  1.30  to  1.40.  Habitat,  New  England,  Middle  and 
Western  States.    Occurs  in  May.     Fig.  57,  g. 

567.  NISONIADES  PERSIUS  Scud. 

Six-spotted  Skipper. 
Similar  to  N.  lucilius,  differs  in  having  three  larger,  more  elongated 
spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing,  a  minute  one  above  these,  and  two  below, 
none  at  end  of  cell.    Expands  1.40  to  1.50.    Habitat,  New  England  to 
Montana,  Washington,  Colorado,  and  Ncav  Mexico.    Fig.  57,  h. 

568.  NISONIADES  ALllIEUS  Edw. 

Alpheus  Skipper. 
Similar  to  N.  persons,  but  differs  in  having  three  spots  near  apex 
of  fore  wing,  the  middle  of  which  is  a  little  nearer  the  margin  than  the 
other  two,  and  beneaih  these  is  a  minute  spot  rather  nearer  margin 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


203 


ing3,"with 
ee  rows  of 
hind  pair. 

is,  Colora- 
•8  in  May. 


es  on  fore 
ily  of  spots 
rs  on  each 
Michigan, 
>.    Occurs 


ts  showing 
.30  to  1.40. 


ear  apex  of 
;learly  seen 
Middle  and 


•e  elongated 
two  below, 
England  to 
)7,h. 


;s  near  apex 
gin  than  the 
irer  margin 


than  any  of  the  others,  below  all  is  a  rather  indistinct  dot.    Expands 
1.10  to  1.20.    Habitat,  New  Mexico,  Arizona  and  Nevada. 

569.    NISONIADES  AUSONIUS  Lint. 
Southern  Brown  Skipper. 
Similar  to  N.  perseus,  but  lacks  the  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing. 
Expands  1.00.    Habitat,  Middle  States  and  West  Virginia. 

670.  NISONIADES  MARTIALIS  Scud. 
Dark-banded  Skipper. 
Differs  from  N.  perseus  in  being  very  dark  above,  nearly  black,  in 
having  four  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing,  upper  minute,  one  at  end  of  cell 
and  two  below,  all  these  forming  a  kind  of  rude  circle  which  encloses  a 
lighter  patch ;  on  hind  wings  the  spots  are  very  distinct,  in  two  rows, 
and  there  is  a  bar  at  end  of  cell.  Expands  1.40  to  1.70.  Habitat,  At- 
lantic States  to  Florida,  Mississippi  Valley,  Kansas,  and  Colorado. 

571.    NISONIADES  AFRANIUS  Lint. 
Dark  Skipper. 

Dark  as  in  N.  martialis,  with  four  spots  in  a  line  in  apex  of  fore 
■wing,  two  in  cell  with  some  grayish  scales  in  space  occupied  by  the  whit- 
ish patch  in  N.  martialis.  Two  rows  of  pale  spots  on  hind  wings.  Ex- 
pands 1*20.    Habitat,  Southern  Colorado  and  Arizona. 

572.    NISONIADES  JUVENALIS  Harr. 

Seven-spotted  Skipper. 

Larger  and  paler  than  the  last,  with  seven  spots  on  fore  wings  as 
in  the  Plate  X,  7.  Spots,  large.  Only  an  indication  of  a  bar  at  end  of 
cell  on  hind  wing  above.  Expands  l.-^.")  to  1.55.  Habitat,  Atlantic 
States  to  Florida,  Mississippi  Valley,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Ontario,  and 
Quebec.     Occurs  with  others  in  May. 

573.    NISONIADES'  PETRONIUS  Lint. 

Florida  Brov/n  Skipper. 

Similar  to  N.  juvenalis,  but  differs  in  being  larger,  spots  on  fore 

wing  smaller,  and  the  four  spots  at  apex  are  not  quite  in  line,  the  third 

being  nearer  base  than  the  others.    Expands  l.iJO  to  2.00.    Habitat, 

Indian  River,  Florida. 


204 


NORTH   AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


if: 


i 


ill 


III 


Ij 


■la 


574-    NISONIADES  PROPERTIUS  Scud-Burg. 

California  Brown. 

Closely  allied  to  N.  juvenalis,  but  differs  in  having  the  outer  line 
of  arrow-shaped  spots  on  fore  wing  more  oblique,  that  is  the  lowest  is 
nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  than  the  others,  and  of  the  four  white  spots 
in  apex  of  fore  wing,  one,  two,  and  four  are  in  line,  but  the  third  is  near- 
er the  base,  wh  le  the  spot  in  cell  is  smaller.     Habitat,  California. 

575.    NISONIADES  NAEVIUS  Lint. 

Naevius  Brown. 

Allied  to  N.  juvenalis,  but  much  darker,  nearly  black,  four  minute 
spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings,  the  fourth  sometimes  missing,  one  spot  be- 
low, and  none  in  cell.  Expands  1.45  to  1.G5.  Habitat,  Indian  Biver, 
Florida. 

576.    NISONIADES  PACUVIUS  Lint. 

Western  Brown. 

Similar  to  N.  niartialis;  four  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wings,  upper  a 
mere  dot,  two  below  those,  and  below  them  are  two  white  spots  not  glas- 
sy.    Fringes  on  fore  wing,  brown,  pure  white  on  hind  pair. 

577.    NISONIADES  TACITUS  Edw, 
Margined  Brown. 

Near  N.  perseus,  but  differs  in  having  four  silvery  spots  in  a  zig- 
zag line  at  apex  of  furewing,  one  below  these  and  one  obscure  at  end  of 
cell,  outer  margin  pure  brown,  free  from  white  scales.  Expands  1.60. 
Found  in  Arizona. 

578.    NISONIADES  CLITUS  Edw. 

Clitus  Brown. 

Allied  to  N.  tacitus,  differs  in  l)eing  so  much  dusted  wich  white 
above,  and  clothed  with  long  white  hairs  as  to  greatly  obscure  the  groud 
color.  Tliere  are  four  glassy  spots  in  apex  of  fore  wing,  three  in  a  straight 
Ihie,  the  fourth  a  little  nearer  base,  a  dot  below,  and  one  at  end  of  cell. 
Expands  1.50  to  1.60. 

570.    NISONIADES  FUNERALIS  Scud.-Burg. 
MouRNiN(}  Brown. 
Similar  to  N.  neavius,  darker  above  with  markings  inconspicuous, 
there  are  a  few  white  spots  on  terminal  portion  of  fore  wings,  four  small 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


205 


white  spots  in  apex  and  a  larger  one  below ;  one  at  end  of  cell ;  no  &pots 
on  hind  Avinj^s  above,  spotted  below  as  in  N.  brizo.  Expands  1,75. 
Found  in  Texas,  Arizona,  and  Southern  California. 

580.    NISONIADES  TRISTIS  Bd. 
Sad  Brown. 

Closely  allied  to  N.  funeralis,  but  differs  in  the  presence  of  a  spot 
in  cell,  and  in  the  fringes  of  hind  wings  being  grayer,  not  pure  white. 
Found  in  California  and  Arizoaa. 

GENUS  LXII.    PHOLISORA.    BLACK  SKIPPERS. 

Size,  small.  Colors,  very  dark,  with  no  prominent 
markings.  Fore  wings,  rather  angular.  Hind  wings,  short 
and  rounded.  Club  of  antennae,  slightly  bent.  Type  P. 
CATULUs.     ( Plate  X,  10.) 

581.    PHOLISORA  CATULUS  Fab. 

White-lotted  Black. 

Blackish  above,  paler  below.     There  is  a  sub-marginal  series  of 

white  dots  on  fore  wings,  and  a  series  of  five  near  apex.    Spots  larger 

beneath;  body  dotted  Avitn  white.    Expands  1.10  to  1.20.    Habitat, 

whole  of  the  United  States. 

582.    PHOLISORA  PIRUS  Edw. 
Six-?roTTED  Black. 
Dark  glossy  brown  above,  tinged  with  reddish  below ;  three  small 
yellow  spots  on  fore  wing  near  apex,  and  two  dots  below  them,  and  an- 
other near  end  of  cell;  spots  repeated  below.    Expands  1.00.    Habi- 
tat, Southern  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona. 

583.    PHOLISORA  CEOS  Edw. 

Ceos  Black. 

Dark  blackish  brown  above,  with  a  few  scattering  whitish  scales, 

two  indistinct  bands  on  outer  margin  of  fore  wings,  and  there  are  two 

white  dots  near  apex :  beneath,  a  little  paler,  spots  sometimes  repeated, 

sometimes  not.    Expands  1.15. 

584.    PHOLISORA  IIAYHUSTH  Edw. 
Hayiiust's  Black. 
Blackish  brown  above.     Both  wings  crossed  by  two  bands  of  a  deep- 
er color ;  two  white  dots  near  apex  and  one  below  these ;  beneath,  a  little 


I 


200 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


i 


«l 


paler.    Expands  1.00  to  1.10,    Habitat,  West  Virginia  to  Kansas,  Flor- 
ida, Texas,  and  New  Mexico. 

585.  PIIOLISORA  LENA  Edw. 

Lena's  Black. 

Glossy  dark  brown  above ;  fore  wings  with  three  small  spots  near 
apex ;  a  small  spot  in  cell,  and  three  minute  spots  on  outer  portion  of 
wing.  Beneath,  dusky,  grayish  on  apex  of  fore  wing  and  on  hind  pair. 
Expands  1,10.    Habitat,  Montana. 

GENUS  LXIL    SYSTASEA.    GRAYS. 
Generally  similar  to  Nisoniades.      Colors,  brighter. 
Wings,  broader. 

586.  SYSTASEA  ZAMPA  Edw. 

Zampa  Gray-winq. 
Pale  grayish  above,  mottled  with  faint  greenish,  a  line  of  small, 
connected  glassy  spots  cross  both  wings,  and  half  way  to  apex  on  fore 
pair  is  a  bar  of  three  similar  spots.  "Whitish  beneath,  brown  and  gray- 
ish mottled,  markings  repeated,  and  in  addition,  neaf  er  base  of  hind  pair 
are  two  indistinct  spots,  one  in  middle,  the  other  on  upper  margin.  Ex- 
pands 1.20.    Habitat,  Arioznaand  Texas. 

GENUS  LXHL    EUDAMUS.    TAILED  SKIPPERS. 

Size,  medium  to  large.  Wings,  broad ;  hind  pair  fur- 
nished with  a  more  or  less  prominent  tail.  Club  of  anten- 
nae bent  into  an  elongated  hook.  Type  E.  pylades.  ( Plate 
X,  11.) 

587.    EUDAMUS  ELECTRA  Edw. 

Northern  Tailed  Skipper. 

Similar  to  E.  pylades,  eleven  spots  on  fore  wings,  two  near  end  of 
cell,  two  in  cell,  and  below  them  two,  larger  outside  these,  five  others  in 
an  irregular  curve.    Expands  1.50.    Habitat,  Hamilton,  Ontario. 

6S8.    EUDAMUS  PYLADES  Sm-Abb. 
Brown-tail. 
Dark  brown  above,  with  bronzy  reflections,  these  are  three  brown- 
ish glassy  spots  near  apex,  three  more  within  these  also  on  upper  mar- 
gin and  in  the  male  three  more  below,  forming  a  triangle  on  outer  por- 
tion of  wing;  female  has  two  or  three  more.    Beneath,  paler,  on  outer 


NORTH  AMERICAN  I3UTTERFLIES. 


207 


portion  of  wings,  spots  repeated  on  fore  pair ;  hind  pair  crossed  by  two 
double  bands.  Expands  1.25  to  l.GO.  Ilabitat,  New  England  to  Flor- 
ida, Dakota,  Colorado,  California,  Ontario,  and  Quebec. 

Fig.  oG. 
0  f  i  1 


a  d  g  j 

Illustrating  the  genus  Pamphila;  upper  side,  fure  whiK;  n,  sassacus;  li,  motea  (lower  side  hind 
■wing) ;  c,  leonardus :  b,  brettus;  e,  huron ;  f,  pyhules :  g,  ntlio ;  h,  mystic ;  i,  cerncs  ;  j,  manataaqua; 
li,  metacomet :  1,  accius. 

589.    EUDAMUS  NEVADA  Scud. 
Nevada  Brown. 
Quite  like  E.  pylades,  but  much  smaller,  and  the  under  surface  is 
very  delicately  marked  with  short,  transverse  lines  of  white,  giving  the 
outer  halfofwings  a  hoary  appearance.    Expands  1.10.    Habitat,  Tex- 
as, Colorado,  and  Nevada. 

590.    EUDAMUS  BATIIYLLUS  Sm-Abb. 
White-spotted  Tailed  Brown. 

Quite  like  E.  pylades,  but  the  spots  are  larger,  f)rming  a  nearly 
continuous,  oblique  band  from  the  upper  to  near  the  lower  margin  on 
fore  wing,  which  is  narrower,  Fig.  58,  a.  Expands  1.25  to  1.50.  Hab- 
itat, West  Virginia  to  Florida,  Kansas  and  New  Mexico ;  rare  in  New 
England. 


1 1 


f 


208 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


I  '1^ 

f 


W. 


iV 


I 


n 


i'i 


J 

if 


f 

ii 


591.    EUDAMUS  MOSCHUS  Edw. 
Mosciius  Brown-wing. 

Glossy  brown,  with  nine  whitish,  glassy  spots  on  fure  wing,  four  in 
apex,  three  across  middle  in  an  oblique  line,  one  in  cell,  and  another 
above  this.  Under  side  of  both  wings  brown,  mottled  with  dashes  about 
apex  of  fore  wmgs  and  crossed  by  two  black  bands,  and  an  additional 
half  band  on  hind  pair,  spots  on  fore  wings,  repeated.  Expands  1.30 
to  1.70.     Habitat,  Arizona. 

5f)2.    EUDAMUS  IIIPPALTUS  Edw. 
Arizona  Brown-wing. 

Quite  like  E.  moschus,  diifers  in  having  smaller  spots,  and  in  being 
more  heavily  washed  with  white  below.  Expands  l.oO.  Habitat,  Ari- 
zona. 

593.    EUDAMUS  DRUSIUS  Edw. 
Drusius  Brown-wing. 

Upper  side,  glossy  brown,  with  eight  glassy  spots  on  fore  wing;  four 
in  apex,  three  below,  and  one  at  right  angles  with  the  lowest  of  the  three. 
Dark  brown  beneath ;  spots  repeated.  Expands  1.70.  Habitat,  South- 
ern Arizona. 

594.  EUDAMUS    EPIGENA  B'tl. 

Epigena  Brown-wing. 

Blackish  brown  above,  with  nine  glassy  spots ;  three  in  apex,  three 
in  an  oblique  line  below,  with  a  fourth  at  right  angles,  two  in  middle  of 
upper  margin.  Lower  side  brown,  spot  m  fore  wings  repeated,  dark 
brown  of  hind  wings  crossed  by  two  black  hands  with  irregular  outlines, 
outer  margin,  broadly  bordered  with  white.  Expands  2-00  to  2.10. 
Habitat,  Texas  and  Arizona. 

595.  EUDAMUS  LYSIDUS  Sm-Abb. 

Glaucous  Brown-wing. 
Large ;  brown  above,  white-fringed,  in  middle  of  four  wings  are  four 
reddish  buft',  glassy  spots.  Fig.  78,  e.  Beneath,  paler,  spots  on  fore 
wings  repeated,  mottled  with  black  on  hind  pair,  and  there  is  a  large 
patch  of  silvery  white  an  outer  border.  Expands  1.50  to  2.00.  Habi- 
tat, Massachusetts,  where  it  is  rare,  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  Missis- 
sippi Valley. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES.  209 

500.    EUDAMUS  CELLUS  Bd.Lec. 

Yellow-banded  Brown-wing. 

Blackish  brown  above,  fore  wings  crossed  by  a  broad  continuous 
band  of  yellow,  and  three  spots  and  a  dot  in  apex ;  blackish-frin<fed,  low- 
er side,  fore  Avings  similar  to  upper,  gfayish  on  outer  portion ;  hind  wings, 
purplish  brown,  with  three  irroi^ular,  rather  indistinct,  darker  ])rown 
bands;  on  outer  margin  is  a  series  of  deep  brown  crescents,  surrounded 
by  scattering  pale  blue  scales.  Expands  1  !)0  to  2.00.  Habitat,  West 
Virginia  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Texas  and  Arizona. 

597.  EUDAMUS  IIESUS  West-IIew. 

Reddish  Brown-wing. 

Large;  light  reddish  brown  above ;  in  center  of  fore  wing  is  a  clus- 
ter of  three  light  buff  spots,  arranged  as  in  P'ig.  58,  b,  and  two  smaller 
in  apex ;  below  these,  two  black  dots  and  two  more  black  dots  in  middle 
of  lower  side ;  hind  wings  with  a  row  of  sub-marginal  black  spots  and 
another  row  at  base.    Expands  2.25.    Habitat,  Texas. 

598.  EUDAMUS  ZESTOS  Edw. 

Yellow-spotted  Brown-wing . 

Quito  like  above  to  T,  tityrus,  band  on  fore  wing  slightly  wider  be- 
low; beneath,  strongly  tinged  with  purplish,  and  the  white  spot  is  en- 
tirely absent  on  hind  wings,  being  represented  by  a  pale  band  only. 
Expands  2.00  to  2.40.  Habitat,  San  Marco  Island  and  Sanford,  Flori- 
da, also  Bahamas  and  Southward. 

509.  EUDAMUS  TITYRUS  Fab. 
Silver-spotted  Br>owN-wiNG. 
Brown  above,  with  an  oblique  band  of  four  reddish  buff  spots  on 
fore  wing  a  square  spot  beyond  these  and  three  spots  in  apex.  Beneath 
paler,  washed  with  whitish  on  outer  margin,  spots  repeated  on  fore  wing, 
and  a  large  silvery  white  patch  (ju  hind  pair,  Fig.  58,  b.  Expands  2. 1 0 
to  2.40.    Habitat,  British  America,  Ontario,  Quebec  and,  Southward. 

600.    EUDA]MUS  PROTEUS  Linn. 

Tailed  Brown-wing. 
Tails  on  hind  wings  greatly  elongated.  Fig.  58,  d.    Brown  above, 
fore  wings  with  an  oblique  band  of  brownish  glassy  spots,  a  square  one 
outside  these,  and  another  bandoffuur  small  spots  in  apex;  hind  wings 


1 


210 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


'i'   :' 


f 

M 
m 


i 
1; 


clothed  with  greenish  hairs  along  lower  margin.  Beneath  paler,  with 
strong  purplish  reflection,  a  marginal  band  on  hind  wings  including  tail, 
a  sub-marginal  band  on  both  wings,  joining  marginal  at  inner  angle  on 
hind  pair,  and  three  or  four  spots  at  base  of  hind  wings,  all  dark  brown. 
Expands  1.60  to  2.00.  Habitat,  Southern  States,  rarely  in  New  York 
and  Southern  New  England. 

GOl.    EUDAMUS  ALBOFASCIATUS  Hew. 

WHITE-BAXDED  LoNd-TAIL. 

Tail  long ;  similar  to  E.  proteus  above,  spots  in  band,  smaller  and 
three  spots  only  in  apex,  similar  beneath  on  fore  wing,  gray  at  apex  and 
marked  with  a  triangular  brown  spot.  Hind  wing  dark  brown,  crossed 
obli  iU(  ly  by  ,,  central  band  of  white  and  a  sub-marginal  band  of  gray. 
Expands  2.00.    Habitat,  Texas. 

G02.    EUDAMUS  DORCUS  Edw. 

DCKCUS'   L0n(i-TAIL. 

Tails,  long;  similar  to  E.  proteus,  but  (lifters  mainly  in  having  a  line 
of  whitish  spots  on  hind  wings  above,  and  tlie  hairs  are  dark  gray. 
Much  overwashed  witli  whitish  beneath,  and  there  are  two  narrow  black- 
ish bands  on  hind  wings  connected  by  a  ligament  below  cell.  Expands 
2.(»0.     Habitat,  Arizona. 

G03.    EUDAMUS  SIMPLICIUS  Stoll. 
Plain  Long-tail. 
Quite  similar  to  E.  proteus,  but  there  are  no  spots  on  fore  wings 
above,  and  two  hands  only  on  hind  pair  below,  the  outer  of  which  does 
not  include  tail.    Expands,  1 .2;").    Habitat,  Texas  and  Arizona. 

GENUS  LXIV.    ACHLYODES.    ALLIES. 
Size,  medium.     Colors,  dark.     Hind  wings  with  the 
mner  angle  produced.     Club,  bent. 

004.    ACHLYODES  THRASO  Hub. 

TlIRASO   SkII'PER. 

Dark  brown  above,  purplish-tinted ;  fore  wings  crossed  by  a  ben 
brown  band,  and  there  is  an  indistinct  sub-marginal  band  of  spots.    I 
wings,  blackish,  crossed  near  middle  by  two  rows  of  indistinct  b      < 
spots.    Brown  beneath,  grayish  at  apex  of  fore  wings,  unspotted.    Ex- 
pands LGO.    Found  in  Texas. 


NOUTII  AMERICAN  BUTTEHFLIES. 


211 


GENUS  LXV.    ERYCIDES.    GREEN  SKIPPERS. 
Size,  large.     Colors,  dark,  visually  marked  with  green- 
ish.    Form  quite  similar  to  that  of  the  large  species  of  Eu- 
damus.     Type  E.  urama.     (Plate  X,  12.) 


G05.    ERYCIDES  URANIA  West-IIewt. 

Clear-spotteu  Green-wing. 
Blackish  above,  white-fringed :  a  sul>marginul  row  of  metallic  green- 
ish spots  on  both  wings,  and  within  them  are  long  green  lines  in  each 
interspace.  On  fore  wings  are  tliree  spots  in  a  band,  two  outside  them, 
and  a  triangular  cluster  of  five  in  apex,  all  perfectly  transparent.  Be- 
neath, spots  repeated  on  fore  wings,  but  with  less  greenish. ;  darker  on 
hind  pair  where  the  green  is  intensified  and  condensed  into  four  bands 
of  spots.    Expands  2.25.     Habitat,  Texas  and  Southward. 

GOG.    ERYCIDES  TEXANA  Scud. 
Texas  Green-wing. 
Similar  to  E.  urania,  but  lacks  the  green  markings  of  upper  sur- 
face of  fore  wings  and  the  green  of  hind  wings  is  lighter.     Expands 
9  9." 


.Z'O. 


Habitat,  Texas. 


GOT.    ERYCIDES  SANGUINEA  Scud. 
Red-spotted  Green-wing. 
Blackish  above ;  in  cell  of  fore  wing  is  a  blood  red  spot  and  another 
smaller,  above  it;  base  of  fore  wings  streaked  with  metallic  blue;  white- 
fringed  on  both  wings.    Lower  surface,  similar.    Expands  2.10.    Hab- 
itat, Texas. 

G08.  ERYCIDES  BATABANO  Lef 
Bluish  Green-wing. 
Above,  smoky  brown  strongly  violet-tinted,  fore  wings  without  mark- 
ings ;  hind  wings  with  a  sub-marginal  scries  of  elongated  bluish  green 
spots.  Beneath,  on  fore  wings  paler,  purplish-tinted,  a  little  greenish 
along  upper  margin  and  on  base:  hind  wings  similar  to  above,  but  deep- 
er in  color.    Expands  2.30  to  2.G0.     Habitat,  Florida  and  Cuba. 

600.    ERYCIDES  AMYNTAS  Far. 
Key  West  Skipper. 
Dark  brown  above,  with  strong  purplish  reflections,  a  white  glassy 
bar  extends  asross  cell  of  fore  wing,  below  this  is  a  larger  spot,  and  an- 


I" 


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ill?? 


» 

<     !:■ 


212 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERILIES. 


other  below  this;  near  apex  is  a  row  of  three  small  spots.  Beneath 
spots  of  fore  wings  repeated,  along  upper  border,  apex,  and  outer  mar- 
gin of  fore  wing,  and  the  entire  surface  of  hind  pair,  excepting  two  bands 
of  spots  and  the  inner  angle,  rich  purple ;  remainder  of  surface  dark 
brown.    Expands  2.00,    Habitat,  Key  West,  Florida. 

GENTJS  liXVI    PYKRIIOPYGA.    YELLOWISH  SiaPPERS. 

Size,  Large.  Colors,  rather  bright.  Fore  wings  round- 
ed at  apex.  Hind  wings  with  hiner  angle  produced  a  lit- 
tle.    Club,  bent. 

610.  PYKRHOPYGA  ARAXES  Hew. 
Oci.EUY  Skipper. 
Dark  brown  above,  along  outer  margin  of  both  wings ;  on  fore  pair 
are  ten  c,lassy  yellow  spots,  three  near  apex,  a  fourth  near  these  toward 
base,  three  in  a  band  below  these  and  three  on  end  of  cell.  LoAver  side 
of  both  wings  yellow  ochre,  excepting  outerhalf  of  fore  wings  and  along 
outer  border  of  hind  wings ;  spots  repeated.  Expands  2.10.  Habitat. 
Arizona  and  Southward. 

GENUS  LXVH.    MEGATHYMUS.    MOTH-LH^E  SKIPPERS. 

Size,  large.  Colors,  dull  yellowish.  Fore  wings,  nar- 
row and  rounded  at  apex.  Hind  wings,  oval ;  body,  thick 
and  moth"Lke.     Club  of  antennae,  slightly  bent. 

611.    MEGATHYMUS  YUCCAE  Bd-Lec. 

Yucca  Skipper. 

Deep  umber  above,  base  of  both  wings  tin  •^ed  with  yellow,  fore  wings 
marked  with  yellow  as  in  Fig.  oO,  a.  Hind  wings  unmarked  in  male, 
with  four  dots  near  outer  border  in  female;  brown  beneath,  brighter 
thau  above,  outer  portions  of  both  wings  pearly  gray,  with  a  patch  of  the 
same  in  middle  of  upper  border  of  hind  wing  and  a  white  crescent  below 
it,  spots  of  fore  wings  repeated.  Expands  2.50  to  3.00.  Found  in 
Southern  States,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona. 

612.    MEGATHYMUS  COFAQUI  Str. 

Strecker's  Moth  Skipper. 

Quite  like  M.  yuccae,  but  differs  in  having  five  spots  only  on  outer 
portion  of  fore  wing,  and  in  being  more  yellow  at  base.    The  female 


»^.Jt 


NOKTII  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


213 


has  the  spots  in  the  cell  of  fore  wing  joined  to  those  below.    Expands 
2.25  to  2.G0. 

Fig.  57. 


e  f  g  h 

Iliubtrating  the  genus  Xisonlades :  upper  side  fore  wing;  e,  brizo:  f  icelus  ,  g,  luciUua :  h,  per- 


seiia* 


613.    MEGATIIYMUS  NEUMOEGENII  Edw. 
Neumoegen's  Moth  Skipper. 

Upper  margin  of  fore  wing  brown,  both  wings  with  a  broad  black 
border,  on  upper  margin  beyond  cell  is  a  black  patch  which  extends  to 
middle  vein,  and  there  comes  in  contact  with  a  larger  patch,  between 
this  and  the  border  is  a  broad  orange  band,  extending  quite  across  wing 
but  restricted  opposite  cell ;  on  upper  margin  is  an  orange  patch  before 
the  black  patch.  Hind  wings  with  the  center  black,  much  concealed 
by  long  orange  hairs,  and  between  this  and  border  is  a  light  band;  Dark 
brown  beneath,  overwashed  with  grayish  on  apex  of  fore  wing,  orange 
band  repeated,  replaced  by  white  on  upper  portion,  black  patch  on  up- 
per border  repeated.  Hind  wings  brown,  overwashed  with  grayish, 
with  a  white  spo  t  near  base,  otherwise  unmarked.  Female  has  rather 
more  orange.    Expands  1.00  to  2.20.     Habitat,  Arizona. 


I 


i  I: 


!  m 


n 


f 


A 


APPENDIX. 


The  following  species  of  Butterflies  have  been  omitted  from  the 
body  of  the  work  through  various  reasons. 

loa.  Papilio  turnus  austraus,  similar  to  typical  P.  turnus  but 
much  darker  in  color,  the  yellow  being  as  dark  as  that  of  P.  cresphontes, 
and  there  is  very  little  blue  above.  This  is  the  form  of  which  mention 
is  made  on  Page  12.     Size,  large. 

38c.  PiERis  RAPAE  IMMAOULATA  Skinner,  differs  from  the  type  in 
the  entire  absence  of  spots  from  both  surfaces.  Habitat,  given  as 
Pennsylvania,  but  early  spring  specimens  taken  in  Newton,  Massachu- 
setts, are  not  only  without  spots  above,  but  are  also  almost  entirely  with 
out  markings  of  any  description,  and  the  black  at  apex  is  restrictedto 
the  extreme  edge  of  the  wing  and  the  spots  below  are  represented  by  a 
few  scales. 

59-    KRICOGONIA  LANACE  Lint. 
Lintner's  Yellow  and  White  Butterfly. 

Similar  toK.  lyside,  but  lighter  yellow  at  base  of  both  wingsabove, 
there  is  no  indication  of  a  spot  at  end  of  central  cell  on  either  wing,  but 
there  is  a  band  of  faintly  defined  dusky  spots  crossing  hind  wing  beneath 
Expands  l.GO.    Habitat,  Rio  Grande,  Texas. 

02.  Colias  meadii,  to  description  add  the  following;  female,  dif- 
fers in  having  the  central  spot  on  fore  wings  more  prominent  and  light 
centered,  and  in  having  a  row  of  orange  spots  on  the  black  bordering  of 
both  wings.  Expands  1.70  to  1.90.  Habitat,  Mountains  of  Colorado, 
Montana,  and  New  Mexico.     Occurs  in  July. 

620     COLIAS  ELIS  Strec. 
Elis  Butterfly. 
Closely  allied  to  C.  meadii,  but  much  more  overwashed  with  green- 
ish and  the  size  is  larger.     Expands  1.80  to  2.30.    Habitat,  British 
Columbia. 

[21o] 


!E  j 


216 


APPENDIX  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


I  f 


67.  Colias  hageni,  Mr  Edwards  now  considers  the  same  as  C.  er- 
iphyle ! 

90a.  Terias  lisa  clappii,  like  typical  T.  iisa,  but  the  black  bor- 
der of  hind  wing  above  is  confined  to  a  small  spot  in  upper  angle  in  the 
male,  and  in  the  female  to  several  spots  along  outer  border.  I  have  con- 
cluded to  indicate  this  well  marked  form  of  T.  lisa  as  above.  Specimens 
of  these  butterflies  were  obtained  by  my  friend,  Mr.  E.  B.  Clapp,  of  Dor- 
chester, at  Enterprise,  Florida,  in  1889. 

93*.    TERIAS  BLAKEI. 
Blake's  Butterfly. 

About  the  size  and  form  of  T.  lisa.  Male,  greenish  white  above, 
narrow  border  to  apex  of  fore  wings  and  a  spot  on  upper  angle  of  hind 
pair,  dusky ;  beneath  more  yellow  tinted.  Apex  of  fore  wings,  basal 
portion  of  upper  border,  spot  on  upper  angle  of  hind  pair,  and  faint  band- 
ings on  latter,  rather  bright  purplish  red.  The  larger  spots  on  both  wings 
are  prereced  by  a  dusky  spot.  Female,  similar,  with  the  dark  spot  above 
on  hind  wing  a  little  larger.  Expands  1.10  to  1.20.  I  have  named 
this  fine  species  which  I  cannot  find  discribed  anywhere,  for  Sir  Hen- 
ry Arthur  Blake,  Governor  of  Jamaica,  as  a  slight  token  of  my  appre- 
ciation ot  his  kindness  in  aidiyfr  me  in  my  scientific  researches  during 
one  of  my  trips  to  the  Bahamas,  at  which  time  he  was  Governor  there. 
It  is  common  on  all  of  the  Bahamas  which  I  visited,  in  company  with 
two  or  three  other  species  of  the  genus,  and  I  have  a  female  in  my  col- 
lection which  I  obtained  at  Sandford,  Florida,  Oct.  1st.,  1887. 

134^*.    ARGYNNIS  ATOSSA  Edw. 

Pale  Buff-wing. 

Nearest  to  A.  adiante,  but  very  pale  above;  outer  row  of  markings 
on  hind  wings  is  nearly  obsolete,  and  quite  disappear  on  hind  pair, 
there  being  one  basal  row  and  the  C-shaped  mark  in  cell  remaining  and 
these  are  very  faint.  Beneath,  very  pale  buff,  orange  on  base  of  fore 
wings,  in  which  the  black  markings  show  clearly,  outside  this  are  no 
markings  and  those  on  hind  wings  are  faintly  visible  only.  Expands 
1.80  to  2.80.  This  is  the  palest  of  all  the  species  in  the  genus.  Taken 
by  Mr.  II.  K.  Burrison  in  Southern  California,  July,  1889. 


^^ 


APPENDIX  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


217 


as  C.  er- 

)lack  bor- 
gle  in  the 
bave  con- 
pecimens 
p,ofDor- 


ite  above, 
e  of  hind 
igs,  basal 
lint  bancl- 
Dth  wings 
pot  above 
^e  named 
Sir  Hen- 
ny  appre- 
es  during 
nor  there. 
3any  with 
in  my  col- 


markings 
hind  pair, 
lining  and 
ase  of  fore 
his  are  no 
Expands 
s.    Taken 


159».  MELITAEA  AUGUSTA  Edw. 
Augusta's  Checker. 
Similar  to  M.  chalcedon,  but  the  red  predominates ;  first  a  margi- 
nal band  of  small  red  spots,  second,  yellow  crescents,  red  ringed,  third, 
either  wholly  yellow,  or  yellow  with  red  edges,  on  hind  wings  whollv 
red ;  fourth,  red,  yellow  on  hind  wings.  At  end  of  cell  are  four  or  five 
yellow  spots.  Two  yellow  spots  below  cell,  with  black  between,  two  yel- 
low spots  in  cell,  with  a  red  line  between  them.  Beneath,  red,  yellow 
spots  repeated  much  enlarged;  outside  cell  is  a  large  red  spot,  heavily 
black-edged ;  hind  wings  have  margin  red,  second  row  yellow,  third,  red, 
fourth,  yellow,  then  red  to  base.    Expands  1.60  to  2.20. 

IGS'-.  MELITAEA  BRUCEII  Edw. 
Bruce's  Checker. 
Dark  brown,  common  marginal  band  red,  in  some,  yellow  in  others, 
or  partly  red  and  partly  yellow;  third  row,  red  on  fore  wings  and  yellow 
on  hind  pair,  on  hind  pair  the  reverse.  In  one  form  the  red  predomi- 
nates, in  another,  the  yellow.  Expands  l.oO  to  1.70.  Habitat,  Mon- 
tana, Washington,  and  British  America,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


m 


'vJ*** 


MELITAEA  TAYLORI  Edw. 
Taylor's  Checker. 
Similar  to  M.  rubicunda,  but  smaller,  spots  beneath  white,  or  white 
yellow-tinted.    Expands  1.70  to  1.80.     Habitat,  Vancouver's  Island. 

Note  on  Phyciodes,  P.  camillus  and  its  two  sub-species,  pallada 
and  mata,  have  been  taken  at  Banf,  Canada,  by  Mr.  H.  K.  Burrison. 

20i.  Synchloe  adjutrix,  an  additional  description  is  as  follows. 
Black  above,  with  a  sub-marginal  row  of  white  dots,  two  at  end  of  cell, 
two  above  these,  a  little  nearer  base,  one  in  cell,  one  above  and  one  be- 
low it,  these  three  forming  an  oblique  line.  On  hind  wings  is  a  large 
chestnut  patch,  with  a  black  dot  in  cell.  Beneath,  spots  on  fore  wings 
repeated,  enlarged,  two  extra  at  base  and  three  only  on  outer  margin. 
On  hind  wings  a  row  of  sub-marginal  yellow  spots,  then  a  row  of  white 
dots ;  then  a  band  of  chestnut  red  on  lower  two-thirds  of  wing  against 
a  ocherous  yellow  patch,  that  occupies  base  and  contains  three  rows  of 
black  spots.    Expands  2.50. 


11 

I?  « 


h  i 


218 


APPENDIX  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


235-.  VICTORINA  STENELES  LmN. 
Green-banded  Butterfly. 
Size,  large,  outer  margin  of  wings  scalloped.  Hind  wings,  with  a 
short  tail.  Black  above  with  grass  green  markings  as  follows;  a  sub- 
marginal  band  of  round  spots  on  both  wings,  followed  by  a  wide  band, 
broken  on  upper  part  of  fore  wing  into  a  double  row,  then  continuous 
across  hind  pair.  On  lower  side  spots  repeated,  enlarged,  covering  a 
large  portion  of  the  surface,  the  ground  color  is  yellowish  white.  Hab- 
tat.  West  Indies,  Mexico,  Central  America  to  Brazil,  and  Florida. 

258*.    NEONYMPIIA  MITCIIELLII  French. 

Mitchell's  Quaker. 

Similar  to  N.  areolatus,  but  differs  in  always  having  four  eye  spots 

on  lower  side  of  fore  wings  and  six  on  hind  pair,  and  all  circular,  not 

oval.    Transverse  lines  on  hind  wings  below  brownish  yellow.   Expands 

1.20  to  1.30.     Habitat,  Cass  County,  Michigan. 

27C)a.  Erebia  epipsodea  sine-occellata  Skinner.  Differs  in 
having  the  bright  orange  patch  on  fore  wing  above,  divided  into  four 
sections,  and  the  two  black  dots  are  without  the  surrounding  white. 
Habitat,  Qu'appele,  North  West  Territory. 

37G.    THECLA  SHERIDANII  Edw. 
Sheridan's  Butterfly. 
Size  and  form  of  T.  dumetorum.    Plain  black  above.    Lower  side 
of  both  wings  green;  crossing  both  wings  is  a  narrow  white  band.    Ex- 
pands 1.10.    Habitat,  Montana. 

446.    LYCAENA  STRIATA  Edw. 

Striped  Blue. 

Yellowish  orange  above,  bordered  by  a  fine  black  line  on  which  rests 
black  crescent-shaped  spots.  Beneath,  fore  wing  orange  on  basal  half, 
black  spot  at  end  of  cell ;  black  markings  repeated,  paler,  and  six  upper 
sub-marginal  spots  arc  slightly  silvered.  Hind  wings,  yellowish  buff, 
brownish  at  base.  There  are  three  rows  of  spots  crossing  hind  wings, 
the  larger  of  which  are  well  silvered.  In  cell  is  a  red  spot.  Female, 
paler  above,  yellowish  orange  tinged. 


i 


APPENDIX  TO  NORTH  AMERICAN  BUTTERFLIES. 


219 


1,  with  a 
3;  a  sub- 
ie  band, 
itinuous 
vering  a 
I.  Hab- 
ida. 


3ye  spots 
ular,  not 
Expands 

)iffers  in 
into  four 
ig  white. 


o04«.    PAMPHILA  BARACOA  Luc. 
Intermediate  Skipper. 

Similar  to  P.  cemes  in  general  markings,  size  larger,  and  colors 
much  deeper,  the  orange  is  restricted  above  dash  at  both  ends  leaving 
a  brown  space  between  it  and  the  three  dots  in  apex.  Expands  l.in. 
Habitat,  Cuba  and  Florida.  This  species  has  been  re-described  by- 
French  as  P.  myus. 

o84<».    PHOLISORA  LIBYA  Scud.. 

Libya  Black-wing. 

Dark  glossy  brown  above,  greenish-tinged ;  at  apex  are  three  white 
spots,  and  an  inconspicuous  white  spot  below  them.  Beneath  pale,  mark- 
ings on  fore  wings  repeated ;  a  band  of  white  spots  crosses  hind  wings. 
Expands  1.00.     Found  in  Utah. 

61a.  CoLiAS  caesonia  rosea  Mc  Neal,  similar  to  type  but  with 
the  apex  of  fore  wings  below  and  hind  wings  much  suffused  with  pink, 
from  a  single  specimen  taken  at  Melen,  Illinois. 


Fig.  59. 


)wer  side 
nd.    Ex- 


hich  rests 
lasal  half, 
six  upper 
wish  buff, 
nd  wings. 
Female, 


MegathymuB  yuccae,  upper  Bide  fore  wing,  female. 


J 


I 


i 


■is 


INDEX. 


i 


Achlyodes,  210 

thraso,  210 
Amblyscirtes,  196 

aenus,  197 

cassus,  198 

eos,  197 

nanno,  198 

nysa,  197 

samoset,  197 

simius,  198 

textor,  198 

vialis,  196 
Anartia,  95 

jatrophae,  95 
Ancyloxyphia,  169 

numitor,  16.') 
Anthocharis,  25 

ausonides,  27 

cethura,  27 

creusa,  25 

eenutia,  29 

hyantis,  26 

Julia,  29 

lanceolata,  25 

morrisoni,  26 

olympia,  26 

pima,  29 

reakirtii,  28 

rosa,  27 

sara,  28 

Stella,  28 

tliDOsa,  28 
Apatura,  103 

alicea,  104 

antonia,  104 

celtis,  103 

clyton,  104 

codes,  105 

flora.  105 

leilia.  105 
Appendix,  215 
Argynriis,  50 

adiante,  61 

alberta,  65 

alcestris,  54 


aphrodite,  54 
artonis,  61 
atlantis,  55 
atossa,  216 
bellona,  66 
behrensii,  57 
bischoffii,  62 
bremnerii,  56 
butlerii,  64 
callippe,  58 
chariclear,  64 
chitone,  58 
clio,  61 
Columbia,  55 
coronis,  58 
cybele,  53 
cypris,  54 
diana,  51 
edwardsii,  59 
egleis,  63 
electa,  55 
epithore,  GQ 
erinna,  62 
eurjTiome,  62 
freva,  65 
frigga,  66 
halcyone,  51 
helena,  63 
hesperis,  56 
idalia,  51 
improba,  66 
inornata,  60 
irene,  60 
lais,  55 
laura,  60 
leto,  52 
liliana,  59 
macaria,60 
myrina,  63 
montinus,  64 
inonticola,  57 
moniviaga,  62 
nausicaa,  58 
nevadensis,  58 
nictocris,  52 


nokomis,  52 

opis,  61 

polaris,  65 

rhodope,  67 

rupestris,  60 

semiramis,  61 

triclaris,  63 

zer  ene,  5G 
Agraulis,  49 

vanillae,  49 
Calephelis,  128 

australis,  129 

borealis,  128 

caenius,  128 

nemesis,  129 
Callidrjas,  30 

agarithe,  32 

eubule,  30 

philea,  32 

sennae,  31 
Carterocephalus,  168 

mandan,  169 

omaha,  169 
Chionobas,  120 

calls,  121 

crambis,  124 

chryxus,  121 

ffigas,  120 

induna,  120 

invalida,  121 

nevadensis,  121 

semidea,  123 

subhyallina,  124 

tarpera,  123 

taj'gete,  123 

uhleri,  122 

varuna,  122 
Chrysophanes,  147 

adrienne,  153 

arota,  148 

clione,  150 

dorcas,  152 

edithia,  149 

epixanthe,  152 

fasciata,  153 


ii 


;  ^i^  i 


222 


florus,  152 
gorgon,  150 
Helloides,  lol 
hermes,  149 
hypophleas,  153 
niariposa,  151 
rubidus,  15-4 
sirius,  155 
snowi,  154 
thoe,  150 
virginiensis,  148 

xanthodes,  141J 

zeroe,  151 
Coenonympha,  109 

ampelos,  111 

brenda,  1 1 1 

California,  110 

elko,  110 

eryngi,  110 

galactinus,  ilO 

mornata,  111 

kodiak,  111 

ocharaca.  Ill 

pulla,  110 

pamphiliodes,  112 
Colaenis,  48 

Julia,  48 

delila,  49 
Colias,  33  ^ 

alexandria,  38 

albinic,  37 

ariadne,  36 

behrii,  42 

boothii,  35 

caesonia,  34 

chippawa,  41 

Christina,  38 

chione,  36 

chrysomelas,  38 

edwardsii,  39 

elis.  215 

emelia,  39 

eriphyle,  37 

eurydice,  34 

hagenii,  37 

hartfordi,  37 

hecla,  35 

hela,  35 

interior,  40 


INDEX. 

keewa^din,  36 
hagenii,  37 
meadii,  34,  215 
melanic,  37 
moina,  41 
nastes,  41 
occidentalis,  38 
palaeno,  41 
peliihie,  40 
philodice,  36 
rosea,  219 
scudderii,  40 

Copaeodes,  170 
arene.  171 
eunus,  170 
myrtis,  170 
procris,  170 
wrighteii,  170 

Cystineura,  85 
amymone,  86 

Danais,  46 
arcliippus,  46 
berenice,  47 
strigosa,  47 

Debis,  106 
jiortlandia,  106 

Dricinna,  48 
klugii,  48 

Eurema,  95 
letlie,  96 

Eresia,  82 
frisea,  82 
punctata,  83 
texana,  83 

Eudamus,  206 
albofasciatu9,210 
bathyllus,  207 
cellus,  209 
dorcus,  210 
drusius,  208 
electra,  206 
epigena,  208 
hesus,  209 
hippaltus,  208 
lysidus,  208 
moschus,  200 
nevada,  207 
py lades,  206 
proteus,  209 


simplicius,  210 

zestos,  209 
Eumenia,  129 

atala,  129 
Eunica,  96 

monima,  96 
Euptoieta,  C)7 

Claudia,  67 

hegesia,  G7 
Eurygona,  127 

abreas,  128 
Erycides,  211 

amyntus,  211 

batabano,  211 

sanguinea,  211 

texana,  2 1 1 

urania,  211 
Erebia,  112 

callias,  114 

discoidalis,  112 

epipsodea.  114 

etiiela,  114 

fasciata,  112 

haydenii,  113 

magdalena,  115 

mancinus,  113 

rossii,  113 

siner-occellata,  218 

Sofia,  114 

vesagus,  113 
Erycinidae,  125 
Eeniseca.  147 

farquinus,  147 
Geirochelus,  115 

tri  tenia.  115 
Grapta,  86 

comma,  86 

faunus,  88 

gracilis.  89 

interrogationis,  86 

hylas,  88 

J-album,  90 

progne.  90 

rusticus.  88 

satyrus,  87 

silenus,  87 

silvius,  89 

zephjTus,  89 
Heliconia,  45 


INDEX. 


228 


charitonia,  4G 
Hesperidae,l()8 
Heterochroa,  103 
californica,  103 
Hmparchia,  115 
Qionysius,  116 
ridingsii,  115 
Hypolimnas,  09 
misippius,  DJ) 
Junonia,  U'6 
coenia,  94 
genovt'va,  94 
Kricogonia,  32 
lanace,  215 
Wside,  33 
lantasea,  33 
Lemonias,  125 
ares,  127 
cythera,  127 
duryi,  126 
mormo,  127 
nais,  126 
palmerii,  125 
virgulti,  125 
Libythea,  124 
carinenta,  125 
bachmaniii,  124 
Limenitis^  99 
arthemis,  100 
burrisonii  102 
floridensis,  101 
hulstii,102 
sine-fascia,  101 
lorquini,  102 
Ursula,  100 
weidemeyerii,  100 
Lycaena,  155 
acmon,  165 
alee,  166 
arnica,  156 
ammon,  167 
amjTitula,  166 
annetta,  161 
antiacis,  IttS 
aquilo,  160 
arizonensis,  161 
ardea,  158 
aster,  134 


battoides,  164 

behrii,  168 

cinerea  .162 

comyntas,  165 

couperii,  159 

cyna,  166 

uaedalus,  156 

echo,  162 

enoptes,  161 

exilis,  168 

filenus  167 

glaucon,  164 

gyas,  166 

heteronia,  166 

icaroides,  156 

kodiak,  158 

lotis,  163 

lycea,  155 

lygdamus,  159 

lucea,  162 

marginata,  162 

marina,  168 

mayicopa,  156 

meilisa,  165 

nionica,  166 

neglecta,  162 

nigra,  162 

orcus,  159 

piasus,  162 

pseudargiolus,  162 

saepiolus,  156 

sagittigera,  156 

scudderii,  163 

shasta,  164 

sonorensis,  160 
speciosa,  159 

rustica,  211 

theonus,  167 

violacea,  162 
xerxes,  158 
Lycaenidae,  129 
Melitaea,  68 
acastus,  72 
alma,  75 
anicia,  70 
arachne,  77 
augusta  217 
baroni,  70 


bollii,76 

bruceii,  217 

chalcedon,  69 

chara,  75 

colon,  (i\) 

cooperi.  69 

dwinellei,  69 

dymas,  74 

edetha,  71 

fulvia,  76 

gabbii,  73 

narrisii,  73 

helva,  71 

hoff'manni,  72 

minuta,  "U 

nubigena,  70 

nympha,  77 

palla,  72 

perse,  74 

phaeton,  68 

quino,  70 

rubicunda,  70 
sterope,  72 
taylorii,  217 

thekla,  76 
Ulrica,  73 
whitneyii,  72 
Nathalis,  24 
iole,  24 
irene,  25 
Neophasia,  18 
menapia,  18 
suffusa,  19 
Nyraphalidae,  45 
Neonympha,  107 
areolatus,  108 
canthus,  107 
eurytris,  108 
gemma,  107 
initchellii,  218 
rubricata,  108 
sosybius,  109 
viola,  109 
Nisoniades,  201 
afranius,  293 
alpheus,  202 
ausonius,  203 
brizo,  201 


224 


INDEX. 


f 


11 


clitus,  201 
funeralis,  204 
icolus,  204 
juvenalis,  203 
lucilius,  202 
martialis,  203 
naevius,  204 
persius,  202 
petronius,  204 
somnus,  202 
tristis,  205 
Pamphila,  171 
accius,  180 
agricola,  181 
arpa,  102 
attalus,  170 
baracora,  219 
bellus,  188 
brettoides,  184 
brettus,  184 
bimacula,  191 
byssus,  1!)4 
cabelus,  176 
campestris,  182 
cernes,  187 
cestus,  101 
Colorado,  174 
comus,  104 
chusa,  184 
delaware,  193 
deva,  180 
dion,  102 
draco,  184 
eufala,  105 
ethlius,  100 
fusca,  195 
harpalus,  176 
hianna,  106 
hobomok,  172 
horus,  IHO 
huron,  183 
lagus,  1!)4 
lasus,  173 
leonardus,  180 
licinus,  178 
loammi,  180 
lunus,  180 
maculata,  100 


manitoba,  175 
inanataaqua,  187 
mardon,  1 86 
massasoit,  172 
melane,  103 
metea,  177 
meskei  180 
mile.  ISI 
morrisonii,  188 
mystic,  186 
napa,  177 
nemorum,  181 
nereus,  105 
nevada,  174 
ocola,  100 
oregona,  175 
csvKa,  104 
otho,  185 
ottoe,  176 
palatka,  103 
panoquin,  100 
pawnee,  176 
peckius,  185 
phylace,  194 
phylaeus,  194 
pittacus,  191 
pocahontas,  172 
pontiac,  192 
pratincola,  182 
python,  101 
(juadraquina,  172 
juba,  175 
rhena,  102 
rhesus,  177 
ruricola,  173 
sabuleti,  185 
sassacus,  173 
Seminole,  179 
snowi,  179 
siris,  186 
sylvanoides,  181 
taxiles,  173 
uncas,  178 
verna,  187 
verus,  182 
vestris,  1S8 
vitator  196 
vitellius,  103 


yuma,  180 
zabulon,  172 

Paphia,  105 
morrisonii,  106 
troglodyta,  105 

Papiho,  3 
abbotii,  4 
americus,  6 
ammoni,  13 
ajax,  3 

arizonensis,  13 
asterias,  8 
asteroides,  9 
brevi  Cauda,  8 
calverleyi,  9 
cresphontes,  14 
daunus,  11 
eurymedon,  12 
glaucus,  12 
indra,  7 
machaon,  5 
marcellus,  4 
nitra,  6 
oregonia,  6 
palamedes,  10 
pergamus,  7 
philenor,  4 
pilumnus,  14 
polydamus,  15 
rutulus,  12 
telamonides,  4 
thoas,  14 
troilus,  10 
turnus,  1 1 
■\valshii,  4 
zolicaon,  6 

Parnassius,  15 
behrii,  17 
clodius,  16 
eversmanii,  18 
hermodur,  17 
menetriesii,  16 
nomion,  17 
smintheus,  16 
thor,  18 

Pholisora,  205 
catulus,  205 
eros,  205 


IXDEX 


225 


hayhustii,  205 
lena,  20(3 
libya,  219 
pirua,  205 
Phyciodes,  77 
batesii,  79 
camillus,  80,  217 
carlotta,  78 
mata,  81,  217 
montana,  82 
morpheus,  79 
myletta,  81 
nycteus,  78 
orseis,  80 
pallida,  81, 217 
picta,  82 
pratensis,  80 
phaon,  78 
tharos,  78 
vesta,  78 
Pieris,  19 
acadica,  23 
amaryllis,  19 
beckerii,  20 
flava,  22 
hiemalia,  22 
hulda,  22 
ilaire,  19 
immaculata,  215 
manni,  24 
niarginalis,  24 
monusta,  19 
napi,  22 
nelsoni,  21 
nove-angilae,  28 
olavacea,  22 
protodice,  21 
rapae,  23 
sisymbri,  20 
venosa,  22 
vernalis,  23 
vimnensis,  23 
yrcKa,  23 
Pyrameis,  92 
atlanta,  92 
cardui,  93 
carve.  93 
huntera,  92 


Pyrgus,  lf)9 
centaureae,200 
coespitabis,  200 
ericetorum,  199 
locutia,  199 
philetus,  200 
nearchus,  200 
nyssus,  200 
oceanus,  199 
scriptura,  201 
tessalata,  200 
xanthus,  201 
Rhopalocera,  1 
Satvrus,  11(5 
alope,  11(5 
ariane,  117 
baroni,  117 
boopes,  117 
charon,  119 
gabbii,  118 
mcana,  117 
maritima,  IIG 
meadii,  118 
nephele,  117 
oetus,  119 
olympus,  117 
paulus,  117 
pegalia,  IIG 
silvestris,  118 
stenele,  119 
texana,  11(5 
wheelerii,  118 
Synchloe,  83 
adjutrix,  84, 117 
crocale,  85 
erodyle,  85 
janais,  84 
mediatrix,  84 
Systasea,  200 
zampa:  20(5 
Terias,  42 
blakei,  116 
clappii,  116 
damaris,  43 
elathea,  45 
gundlachia,  43 
mcunda,  45 
lisa,  44: 


mcxicana,  43 
nicippi,  42 
proterpiu,  42 
westwoodii,  43 
Thecla,  130 
acadica,  133 
acis,  141 

adenostomatis,  138 
affinis,  144 
alcestris,  133 
apama,  140 
autolycus,  133 
aurctorum,  140 
behrii,  145 
calanus,  135 
californica,  34   ■ 
chalcis,  39 
castalis,  141 
citma,  130 
clytie  142 
columella,  141 
crysalus,  130 
dryope,  134 
dumetorum,  145 
edwardsii,  134 
eryphon,  145 
exoleta,  138 
favonius,  131 
fotis,  145 
fuliginosa,  156 
grunus,  130 
nalesus,  131 
humuli,  132 
ines,  143 
iroides,  143 
irus,  144 
itys,  137 
laeta,  14() 
leda,  143 
M-album,  131 
melinus,  133 
mossii,  144 
murivii,  138 
nelsoni,  138 
niphon,  144 
ontairo  136 
poeas,  142 
putnamii,  139 


226 


saepium,  139 
sheridanii,  146,  218 
siva,  140 
s-oiilacis,  141 
spadix,  187 
spinetorum,  140 
strigosa,  136 
sylvanus,  140 


INDEX. 

tacita,  138 

tetra,  13!) 

titus,  146 

whittfeldii  135 
Thymelicus,  171 

garita,  171 

poweschiek,  171 
Timetes,  97 


chiron,  98 
coresia,  97 
eleucha,  98 
petreus,  96 
Vanessa,  91 
antiopa,  91 
californica,  91 
milbertii,  91 
Victorina  steneles,  218 


j    i 


Fig.  60. 


f 


;i  I 


'¥ 


ii 


nop 


,218 


